Ion Exchange Resins as Emerging-Submerging Chemical Sensors

Chemistry of Materials

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 855-859

  Zhang, Lan Hui ^a   Janout, Vaclav ^a   Regen, Steven L ^a  

^a LEHIGH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0009580670     PISSN: 08974756     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/cm9706715     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Helfferich, F. Ion Exchange; McGraw-Hill: New York, 1962.
2. Handbook of Ion Exchange Resins: Their Application To Inorganic Analytical Chemistry, Korkisch, J., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1989.
3. For reviews of sensors, see: Hughes, R. C.; Ricco, A. J.; Butler, M. A.; Martin, S. J. Science 1991, 254, 74. Janata, J.; Josowicz, M.; DeVaney, D. M. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 207R.
4. For reviews of sensors, see: Hughes, R. C.; Ricco, A. J.; Butler, M. A.; Martin, S. J. Science 1991, 254, 74. Janata, J.; Josowicz, M.; DeVaney, D. M. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 207R.
5. Amberlite IRA 400 is a strongly basic anion-exchange resin that has a porous gel structure, which is based on a styrene/divinylbenzenze copolymeric framework.
6. Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Fundamentals, Applications and Industrial Perspectives; Starks, C. M., Liotta, C., Eds.; Chapman and Hall: New York, 1994.
7. 1,2
8. As mentioned in footnote 6, selectivity coefficients are highly dependent upon the specific experimental conditions used. For this reason, no quantitative comparisons have been made with other literature data.
9. In this experiment, the reaction mixture was vigorous stirred and stopped, intermittently, to identify the location of the beads. Here, "flotation" effects were evident. Thus, with only mild stirring, the beads were "held" at the air-water inteface due to surface tension effects. It should be noted that flotation methods (widely used for the separation and purification of metals and polymers) are based on forces that are fundamentally different than those of ES sensing. Specifically, while flotation relies upon surface tension effects, ES sensing relies upon changes in bead density and gravitational forces. For a more complete description of flotation methods, see: Physico-chemical Elementary Processes In Flotation; Schulze, E. J., Ed.; Elsevier: New York, 1984. An alternate way of eliminating surface tension for ES sensing would be to place the beads in a "cage" that is submerged in order to avoid contact with the air-water interface. Under such conditions, the suspended state within the cage would be evident; emerged and submerged states would correspond to intimate contact with the upper and lower portion of the cage, respectively.
10. Tridecane was used an internal standard for quantitative, analysis.
11. Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 6th ed.; Perry, R. H., Green, D., Eds.; McGraw-Hill Book Co.: New York, 1984.
12. For recent reviews describing the combinatorial method, see: (a) Czarnik, A. W., Ellman, J. A., Eds. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 112. (b) Szostak, J. W. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 347 and other papers in this special issue.
13. For recent reviews describing the combinatorial method, see: (a) Czarnik, A. W., Ellman, J. A., Eds. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 112. (b) Szostak, J. W. Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 347 and other papers in this special issue.