The essential role of string-derived symmetries in ensuring proton-stability and light neutrino masses

Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics

Volumn 388, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 532-542

  Pati, Jogesh C ^a  

^a Bldg 142   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0009565977     PISSN: 03702693     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0370-2693(96)01180-X     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D 26 (1982) 287; N. Sakai, Phys. Lett. B 121 (1982) 130.
2. S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D 26 (1982) 287; N. Sakai, Phys. Lett. B 121 (1982) 130.
3. I. Hinchliffe and T. Kaeding, Phys. Rev. D 47 (1993) 279; J. Hisano, H. Murayama and T. Yanagida, Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 4966; K.S. Babu and S.M. Barr, Phys. Rev. D 51 (1995) 2463.
4. I. Hinchliffe and T. Kaeding, Phys. Rev. D 47 (1993) 279; J. Hisano, H. Murayama and T. Yanagida, Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 4966; K.S. Babu and S.M. Barr, Phys. Rev. D 51 (1995) 2463.
5. I. Hinchliffe and T. Kaeding, Phys. Rev. D 47 (1993) 279; J. Hisano, H. Murayama and T. Yanagida, Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 4966; K.S. Babu and S.M. Barr, Phys. Rev. D 51 (1995) 2463.
6. S. Dimopoulos and H. Georgi, Nucl. Phys. B 193 (1981) 150; N. Sakai, Z. Phys. C 11 (1982) 153.
7. S. Dimopoulos and H. Georgi, Nucl. Phys. B 193 (1981) 150; N. Sakai, Z. Phys. C 11 (1982) 153.
8. J.C. Pati and A. Salam, Phys. Rev. D 10 (1974) 275.
9. 6: F. Gursey, P. Ramond and P. Sikivie, Phys. Lett. 60 B (1976) 177.
10. 6: F. Gursey, P. Ramond and P. Sikivie, Phys. Lett. 60 B (1976) 177.
11. 6: F. Gursey, P. Ramond and P. Sikivie, Phys. Lett. 60 B (1976) 177.
12. S. Dimopoulos and F. Wilczek, in: Proc. Erice Summer School, ed. A. Zichichi, I.T.P. preprint NSF-ITP-82-07 (1981). For a recent discussion, see: K.S. Babu and S.M. Barr, Phys. Rev. D 48 (1993) 5354.
13. S. Dimopoulos and F. Wilczek, in: Proc. Erice Summer School, ed. A. Zichichi, I.T.P. preprint NSF-ITP-82-07 (1981). For a recent discussion, see: K.S. Babu and S.M. Barr, Phys. Rev. D 48 (1993) 5354.
14. A. Masiero, D.V. Nanopoulos, K. Tamvakis and T. Yanagida, Phys. Lett. B 115 (1982) 380; B. Grinstein, Nucl. Phys. B 206 (1982) 387.
15. A. Masiero, D.V. Nanopoulos, K. Tamvakis and T. Yanagida, Phys. Lett. B 115 (1982) 380; B. Grinstein, Nucl. Phys. B 206 (1982) 387.
16. See e.g. D. Lewellen, Nucl. Phys. B 337 (1990) 61; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Nucl. Phys. B 345 (1990) 389; S. Chaudhari, G. Hockney and J. Lykken, Nucl. Phys. B 456 (1995) 89 and hep-th/9510241; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L. Ibanez and A. Uranga, Nucl. Phys. B 452 (1995) 3; B 465 (1996) 34; D. Finnell, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 5781; A.A. Maslikov, I. Naumov and G.G. Volkov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11 (1996) 1117; J. Erler, hep-th/9602032; G. Cleaver, hep-th/9604183; Z. Kakushadze and S.H. Tye, hep-th/9605221.
17. See e.g. D. Lewellen, Nucl. Phys. B 337 (1990) 61; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Nucl. Phys. B 345 (1990) 389; S. Chaudhari, G. Hockney and J. Lykken, Nucl. Phys. B 456 (1995) 89 and hep-th/9510241; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L. Ibanez and A. Uranga, Nucl. Phys. B 452 (1995) 3; B 465 (1996) 34; D. Finnell, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 5781; A.A. Maslikov, I. Naumov and G.G. Volkov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11 (1996) 1117; J. Erler, hep-th/9602032; G. Cleaver, hep-th/9604183; Z. Kakushadze and S.H. Tye, hep-th/9605221.
18. See e.g. D. Lewellen, Nucl. Phys. B 337 (1990) 61; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Nucl. Phys. B 345 (1990) 389; S. Chaudhari, G. Hockney and J. Lykken, Nucl. Phys. B 456 (1995) 89 and hep-th/9510241; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L. Ibanez and A. Uranga, Nucl. Phys. B 452 (1995) 3; B 465 (1996) 34; D. Finnell, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 5781; A.A. Maslikov, I. Naumov and G.G. Volkov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11 (1996) 1117; J. Erler, hep-th/9602032; G. Cleaver, hep-th/9604183; Z. Kakushadze and S.H. Tye, hep-th/9605221.
19. See e.g. D. Lewellen, Nucl. Phys. B 337 (1990) 61; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Nucl. Phys. B 345 (1990) 389; S. Chaudhari, G. Hockney and J. Lykken, Nucl. Phys. B 456 (1995) 89 and hep-th/9510241; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L. Ibanez and A. Uranga, Nucl. Phys. B 452 (1995) 3; B 465 (1996) 34; D. Finnell, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 5781; A.A. Maslikov, I. Naumov and G.G. Volkov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11 (1996) 1117; J. Erler, hep-th/9602032; G. Cleaver, hep-th/9604183; Z. Kakushadze and S.H. Tye, hep-th/9605221.
20. See e.g. D. Lewellen, Nucl. Phys. B 337 (1990) 61; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Nucl. Phys. B 345 (1990) 389; S. Chaudhari, G. Hockney and J. Lykken, Nucl. Phys. B 456 (1995) 89 and hep-th/9510241; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L. Ibanez and A. Uranga, Nucl. Phys. B 452 (1995) 3; B 465 (1996) 34; D. Finnell, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 5781; A.A. Maslikov, I. Naumov and G.G. Volkov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11 (1996) 1117; J. Erler, hep-th/9602032; G. Cleaver, hep-th/9604183; Z. Kakushadze and S.H. Tye, hep-th/9605221.
21. See e.g. D. Lewellen, Nucl. Phys. B 337 (1990) 61; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Nucl. Phys. B 345 (1990) 389; S. Chaudhari, G. Hockney and J. Lykken, Nucl. Phys. B 456 (1995) 89 and hep-th/9510241; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L. Ibanez and A. Uranga, Nucl. Phys. B 452 (1995) 3; B 465 (1996) 34; D. Finnell, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 5781; A.A. Maslikov, I. Naumov and G.G. Volkov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11 (1996) 1117; J. Erler, hep-th/9602032; G. Cleaver, hep-th/9604183; Z. Kakushadze and S.H. Tye, hep-th/9605221.
22. See e.g. D. Lewellen, Nucl. Phys. B 337 (1990) 61; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Nucl. Phys. B 345 (1990) 389; S. Chaudhari, G. Hockney and J. Lykken, Nucl. Phys. B 456 (1995) 89 and hep-th/9510241; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L. Ibanez and A. Uranga, Nucl. Phys. B 452 (1995) 3; B 465 (1996) 34; D. Finnell, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 5781; A.A. Maslikov, I. Naumov and G.G. Volkov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11 (1996) 1117; J. Erler, hep-th/9602032; G. Cleaver, hep-th/9604183; Z. Kakushadze and S.H. Tye, hep-th/9605221.
23. See e.g. D. Lewellen, Nucl. Phys. B 337 (1990) 61; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Nucl. Phys. B 345 (1990) 389; S. Chaudhari, G. Hockney and J. Lykken, Nucl. Phys. B 456 (1995) 89 and hep-th/9510241; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L. Ibanez and A. Uranga, Nucl. Phys. B 452 (1995) 3; B 465 (1996) 34; D. Finnell, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 5781; A.A. Maslikov, I. Naumov and G.G. Volkov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11 (1996) 1117; J. Erler, hep-th/9602032; G. Cleaver, hep-th/9604183; Z. Kakushadze and S.H. Tye, hep-th/9605221.
24. See e.g. D. Lewellen, Nucl. Phys. B 337 (1990) 61; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Nucl. Phys. B 345 (1990) 389; S. Chaudhari, G. Hockney and J. Lykken, Nucl. Phys. B 456 (1995) 89 and hep-th/9510241; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L. Ibanez and A. Uranga, Nucl. Phys. B 452 (1995) 3; B 465 (1996) 34; D. Finnell, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 5781; A.A. Maslikov, I. Naumov and G.G. Volkov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11 (1996) 1117; J. Erler, hep-th/9602032; G. Cleaver, hep-th/9604183; Z. Kakushadze and S.H. Tye, hep-th/9605221.
25. See e.g. D. Lewellen, Nucl. Phys. B 337 (1990) 61; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Nucl. Phys. B 345 (1990) 389; S. Chaudhari, G. Hockney and J. Lykken, Nucl. Phys. B 456 (1995) 89 and hep-th/9510241; G. Aldazabal, A. Font, L. Ibanez and A. Uranga, Nucl. Phys. B 452 (1995) 3; B 465 (1996) 34; D. Finnell, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 5781; A.A. Maslikov, I. Naumov and G.G. Volkov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 11 (1996) 1117; J. Erler, hep-th/9602032; G. Cleaver, hep-th/9604183; Z. Kakushadze and S.H. Tye, hep-th/9605221.
26. For a review, see P. Langacker, Invited talk, Erice School (1994), hep-ph/941339.
27. M. Green and J.H. Schwarz, Phys. Lett. B 149 (1984) 117; D.J. Gross, J.A. Harvey, E. Martinec and R. Rohm, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 502; P. Candelas, G.T. Horowitz, A. Strominger and E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B 258 (1985) 46.
28. M. Green and J.H. Schwarz, Phys. Lett. B 149 (1984) 117; D.J. Gross, J.A. Harvey, E. Martinec and R. Rohm, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 502; P. Candelas, G.T. Horowitz, A. Strominger and E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B 258 (1985) 46.
29. M. Green and J.H. Schwarz, Phys. Lett. B 149 (1984) 117; D.J. Gross, J.A. Harvey, E. Martinec and R. Rohm, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 502; P. Candelas, G.T. Horowitz, A. Strominger and E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B 258 (1985) 46.
30. H. Kawai, D. Lewellen and S.H. Tye, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 1832; Nucl. Phys. B 288 (1987) 1; I. Antoniadis, C. Bachas and C. Kounnas, Nucl. Phys. B 289 (1987) 87.
31. H. Kawai, D. Lewellen and S.H. Tye, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 1832; Nucl. Phys. B 288 (1987) 1; I. Antoniadis, C. Bachas and C. Kounnas, Nucl. Phys. B 289 (1987) 87.
32. H. Kawai, D. Lewellen and S.H. Tye, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 1832; Nucl. Phys. B 288 (1987) 1; I. Antoniadis, C. Bachas and C. Kounnas, Nucl. Phys. B 289 (1987) 87.
33. M. Gell-Mann, P. Ramond and R. Slansky, in: Supergravity, eds. D. Freedman and P. Van Nieuwenhuizen (North-Holland, 1979), p. 315; T. Yanagida, Proc. Workshop on Unified Theories and Baryon Number of the Universe, eds. O. Sawata and A. Sugamoto, KEK, Japan (1979); R.N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanovic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44 (1980) 912.
34. M. Gell-Mann, P. Ramond and R. Slansky, in: Supergravity, eds. D. Freedman and P. Van Nieuwenhuizen (North-Holland, 1979), p. 315; T. Yanagida, Proc. Workshop on Unified Theories and Baryon Number of the Universe, eds. O. Sawata and A. Sugamoto, KEK, Japan (1979); R.N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanovic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44 (1980) 912.
35. M. Gell-Mann, P. Ramond and R. Slansky, in: Supergravity, eds. D. Freedman and P. Van Nieuwenhuizen (North-Holland, 1979), p. 315; T. Yanagida, Proc. Workshop on Unified Theories and Baryon Number of the Universe, eds. O. Sawata and A. Sugamoto, KEK, Japan (1979); R.N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanovic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44 (1980) 912.
36. e-vμ - oscillation - explanation of the LSND-experiment (see K.S. Babu, J.C. Pati and F. Wilczek, Phys. Lett. B 359 (1995) 351 ).
37. e-vμ - oscillation -explanation of the LSND-experiment (see K.S. Babu, J.C. Pati and F. Wilczek, Phys. Lett. B 359 (1995) 351 ).
38. e-vμ - oscillation - explanation of the LSND-experiment (see K.S. Babu, J.C. Pati and F. Wilczek, Phys. Lett. B 359 (1995) 351 ).
39. R.N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 34 (1986) 3457; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Phys. Lett. B 288 (1989) 79; S.P. Martin, Phys. Rev. D 46 (1992) 2769.
40. R.N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 34 (1986) 3457; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Phys. Lett. B 288 (1989) 79; S.P. Martin, Phys. Rev. D 46 (1992) 2769.
41. R.N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. D 34 (1986) 3457; A. Font, L. Ibanez and F. Quevedo, Phys. Lett. B 288 (1989) 79; S.P. Martin, Phys. Rev. D 46 (1992) 2769.
42. K.R. Dienes and J. March-Russell, hep-th/9604112; K.R. Dienes, hep-ph/9606467.
43. K.R. Dienes and J. March-Russell, hep-th/9604112; K.R. Dienes, hep-ph/9606467.
44. I. Antoniadis, G.K. Leontaris and J. Rizos, Phys. Lett. B 245 (1990) 161.
45. Z. Kakushadze and S.H. Tye (Ref. [8]).
46. For an alternative solution of B-L violation, and of neutrino masses using condensates, see A. Faraggi and E. Halyo, Phys. Lett. B 307 (1993) 311.
47. 6, as we also discuss in the text. But string-derived solutions of the type we explore neatly remove both concerns.
48. A. Faraggi, Phys. Lett. B 278 (1992) 131; Nucl Phys. B 403 (1993) 101; Nucl. Phys. B 416 (1994) 63. The full massless spectrum is given in the first paper.
49. A. Faraggi, Phys. Lett. B 278 (1992) 131; Nucl Phys. B 403 (1993) 101; Nucl. Phys. B 416 (1994) 63. The full massless spectrum is given in the first paper.
50. A. Faraggi, Phys. Lett. B 278 (1992) 131; Nucl Phys. B 403 (1993) 101; Nucl. Phys. B 416 (1994) 63. The full massless spectrum is given in the first paper.
51. A. Faraggi, Phys. Lett. B 274 (1992) 47.
52. A different solution to the problem of doublet-triplet splitting arises for the flipped SU(5) × U(1)-model, owing to a natural missing-partner mechanism: I. Antoniadis, J. Ellis, J. Hagelin and D.V. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B 231 (1989) 65. One still needs to examine if the problems of d = 4 and gravity-linked d = 5 operators, which would seem to exist in this model, can be resolved by utilizing extra symmetries of the type discussed in the text.
53. P. Ginsparg, Phys. Lett. B 197 (1987) 139; V.S. Kaplunovsky, Nucl. Phys. B 307 (1988) 145; Erratum: B 382 (1992) 436.
54. P. Ginsparg, Phys. Lett. B 197 (1987) 139; V.S. Kaplunovsky, Nucl. Phys. B 307 (1988) 145; Erratum: B 382 (1992) 436.
55. A. Faraggi, Phys. Rev. D 46 (1992) 3204.
56. M. Dine, N. Seiberg and E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B 289 (1987) 585.
57. 14 GeV) through relevant higher dimensional operators. I thank K.S. Babu for drawing my attention to this potential problem.
58. K.S. Babu and J.C. Pati, hep-ph/9606215, Phys. Lett. (to appear).
59. As far as we can see, Yukawa couplings of the color-triplets in the heavy tower need not all be suppressed to the same extent as those of the electroweak doublets.
60. x) commutes with SO(10).
61. The possibility of extra Z′ bosons has been considered by several authors. See e.g. M. Cvetic and P. Langacker, hep-ph/95111378 for a string-motivated analysis. The role of a string-derived symmetry (associated with an extra Z′) in preventing rapid proton-decay, has not however been noted in these previous works.
62. See e.g. G. Altarelli et al., (hep-ph/9601324) and P. Chiappetta et al., (hep-ph/9601306) for recent analyses of the Z-Z′-system based on LEP data.
63. This would be true if, for a certain string-solution, the hidden-sector condensates do not break the corresponding proton-stabilizing symmetry. Then, they will not contribute to either the Z′-mass or to the strength of the proton-decay operator.
64. 16 GeV (see text).
65. 16 GeV.
66. See e.g. M. Dine, A. Nelson and Y. Shirman, Phys. Rev. D 51 (1995) 1362; M. Dine, A. Nelson, Y. Nir and Y. Shirman, hep-ph/9507378.
67. See e.g. M. Dine, A. Nelson and Y. Shirman, Phys. Rev. D 51 (1995) 1362; M. Dine, A. Nelson, Y. Nir and Y. Shirman, hep-ph/9507378.
68. ψ, B - L). It is worth exploring whether the recently proposed variants of the solutions in Refs. [20] and [22], which yield a leptophobic Z′ (see e.g. A. Faraggi, hep-ph/9604302 and J.L. Lopez and D.V. Nanopoulos, hep-ph/9605359), can be developed to provide a consistent Higgs-mechanism and also prevent rapid proton decay, utilizing extra symmetries, as discussed here.
69. For alternative versions, see R. Barbieri, G. Dvali and A. Strumia, Phys. Lett. B 333 (1994) 79; R.N. Mohapatra, hep-ph/9601203 and S.M. Barr, hep-ph/9607359.
70. For alternative versions, see R. Barbieri, G. Dvali and A. Strumia, Phys. Lett. B 333 (1994) 79; R.N. Mohapatra, hep-ph/9601203 and S.M. Barr, hep-ph/9607359.