Molecular and immunodiagnosis of human filarial nematode infections

Parasitology

Volumn 117, Issue 7, 1999, Pages S59-

  Harnett, W ^a   Bradley, J E ^b   Garate, T ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III   (Spain)

Author keywords

Antibody detection; circulating antigen detection; DNA probe; ELISA; filarial nematodes; polymerase chain reaction

Indexed keywords

PARASITE ANTIBODY; PARASITE ANTIGEN;

BRUGIA MALAYI; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FILARIA; HUMAN; IMMUNOASSAY; INFECTION CONTROL; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NEMATODIASIS; NONHUMAN; ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; SERODIAGNOSIS; TROPICS; WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI;

BRUGIA MALAYI; FILARIA; NEMATODA; ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS; WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI;

EID: 0009553073     PISSN: 00311820     EISSN: 14698161     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0031182099004084     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Abbasi, I., Hamburger, J., Githure, J., Ochola, J. J., Agure, R., Koech, D. K., Ramzy, R., Gad, A. & Williams, A. (1996). Detection of Wuchereria barter ofti DNA in patients’ sputum by the polymerase chain reaction. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine suand Hygiene 90, 531–532.
2. Ajuh, P. M., Akue, J. P., Boutin, P., Everaere, S. & Egwang, T. G. (1995). Loa loa: Structural diversity of a 15-kDa repetitive antigen. Experimental Parasitology 81, 145–153.
3. Almond, N. M. & Parkhouse, R. M. E. (1985). Nematode antigens. In Current Topics in Microbiology, pp. 173–203 (ed. Parkhouse, R. M. E.) Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag.
4. Ambroise-Thomas, P. (1974). Immunological diagnosis of human filariases: present possibilities, difficulties and limitations. Acta Tropica 31, 108–128.
5. Atmadja, A. K., Atkinson, R., Sartono, E., Partono, F., Yazdanbakhsh, M. & Maizels, R. M. (1995). Differential decline in filaria-specific IgG1 IgG4, and IgE antibodies in Brugia-malayi-infected patients after diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy. Journal of Infectious Diseases 172, 1567–1572.
6. Bartlett, A., Bidwell, D. E. & Voller, A. (1975). Preliminary studies on the application of enzyme immunoassay in the detection of antibodies in onchocerciasis. Tropenmedzin und Parasitologie 26, 370–374.
7. Bradley, J. E., Helm, R., Lahaise, M. & Maizels, R. M. (1991). cDNA clones of Onchocerca volvulus low molecular weight antigens provide immunologically specific diagnostic probes. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 46, 219–228.
8. Bradley, J. E., Gillespie, A. J., Trenholme, K. R. & Karam, M. (1993 b). The effects of vector control on the antibody response to antigens of Onchocerca volvulus. Parasitology 106, 363–370.
9. Bradley, J. E., Trenholme, K. R., Gillespie, A. J., Guderian, R., Titanji, V., Hong, Y. & Mcreynolds, L. (1993 a). A sensitive serodiagnostic test for onchocerciasis using a cocktail of recombinant antigens. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 48, 198–204.
10. Bradley, J. E., Tuan, R. S., Shepley, K. J., Tree, T. I. M., Maizels, R. M., Helm, R., Gregory, W. F. & Unnasch, T. R. (1993 c). Onchocerca volvulus: Characterization of an immunodominant hypodermal antigen present in adult and larval parasites. Experimental Parasitology 77, 414–424.
11. Bradley, J. E. & Unnasch, T. R. (1996). Molecular approaches to the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. Advances in Parasitology 37, 57–106.
12. Cabrera, Z. & Parkhouse, R. M. E. (1986). Identification of antigens of Onchocerca volvulus and Onchocerca gibsoni for diagnostic use. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 20, 225–231.
13. Cabrera, Z. & Parkhouse, R. M. E. (1987). Isolation of an antigenic fraction for diagnosis of onchocerciasis. Parasite Immunology 9, 39–48.
14. Cabrera, Z., Parkhouse, R. M. E., Forsyth, K., Gomez Priego, A., Pabon, R. & Yarzabal, L. (1989). Specific detection of human antibodies to Onchocerca volvulus. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 40, 454–459.
15. Chandrashekar, R., Curtis, K. C., Li, B. W. & Weil, G. J. (1995). Molecular characterisation of a Brugia malayi intermediate filament protein which is an excretory-secretory product of adult worms. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 73, 231–239.
16. Chandrashekar, R., Curtis, K. C., Ramzy, R. M., Liftis, F., Li, B. W. & Weil, G. J. (1994). Molecular cloning of Brugia malayi antigens for diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 64, 261–271.
17. Chandrashekar, R., Masood, K., Alvarez, R. M., Ogunrinade, A. F., Lujan, R., Richards, F. O., Jr. & Weil, G. (1991). Molecular cloning and characterization of recombinant parasite antigens for immunodiagnosis of onchocerciasis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 88, 1460–1466.
18. Chandrashekar, R., Ogunrinade, A. F., Alvarez, R. M., Kale, O. O. & Weil, G. J. (1990). Circulating immune complex-associated parasite antigens in human onchocerciasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 162, 1159–1164.
19. Chandrashekar, R., Ogunrinade, A. F., Henry, R. W., Lustigman, S. & Weil, G. J. (1993). Onchocerca volvulus: monoclonal antibodies to immune complex-associated parasite antigens. Experimental Parasitology 77, 224–234.
20. Chandrashekar, R., Ogunrinade, A. F. & Weil, G. J. (1996). Use of recombinant Onchocerca volvulus antigens for diagnosis anda surveillance of human onchocerciasis. Tropical Medicine and International Health 1, 575–580.
21. 4 serology for the diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88, 661–662.
22. Chanteau, S., Luquiaud, P., Failloux, A. B. & Williams, S. A. (1994). Detection of Wuchereria barter ofti larvae in pools of mosquitoes by the polymerase chain reaction. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88, 665—666.
23. Chanteau, S., Moulia-Pelat, J. P., Glaziou, P., Nguyen, N. L., Luquiaud, P., Plichart, C., Martin, P. M. V. & Cartel, J. L. (1994). Og4C3 circulating antigen: a marker of infection and adult worm burden in Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 170, 247–250.
24. Collins, W. E., Campbell, C. C., Collins, R. C. & Skinner, J. C. (1980). Serologic studies on onchocerciasis in Guatemala using fixed-tissue sections of adult Onchocerca volvulus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 29, 1220–1222.
25. Dafa'Alla, T. H., Ghallib, H. W., Abdelmageed, A. & Williams, J. F. (1992). The profile of IgG and IgG subclasses of onchocerciasis patients. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 88, 258—263.
26. Das, P. K., Manoharan, A., Srividya, A., Grenfel, B. T., Bundy, D. A. P. & Vanamail, P. (1990). Frequency distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria in human populations and its relationship with age and sex. Parasitology 101, 429–437.
27. Des Moutis, I., Ouaissi, A., Grzych, J. M., Yarzabal, L., Haque, A. & Capron, A. (1983). Onchocerca volvulus: detection of circulating antigen by monoclonal antibodies in human onchocerciasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 32, 533–542.
28. Dissanayake, S., Min, X. & Piessens, W. F. (1991). Detection of amplified Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in mosquitoes with a nonradioactive probe. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 45, 49–56.
29. Dissanayake, S., Xu, M. & Piessens, W. F. (1992). A cloned antigen for serological diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia with daytime blood samples. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 56, 269—277.
30. Donelson, J. E., Duke, B. O. L., Moser, D., Zeng, W., Erondu, N. E., Lucius, R., Renz, A., Karam, M. & Zea Flores, G. (1988). Construction of Onchocerca volvulus cDNA libraries and partial characterization of the cDNA fmr a major antigen. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 31, 241–250.
31. Eberhard, M. L., Roberts, J. M., Lammie, P. J. & Lowrie, R. C. Jr. (1988). Comparative densities of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria in paired samples of capillary and venous blood. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 39, 295–297.
32. Egwang, T. G., Ajuh, P. M. & Akue, J. P. (1992). Cloning and characterization of a Loa /oa-specific repetitive DNA. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 56, 189–196.
33. Elson, L. H., Guderian, R. H., Araujo, E., Bradley, J. E., Days, A.& Nutman, T. B. (1994). Immunity to onchocerciasis: Identification of a putatively immune population in a hyperendemic area of Ecuador. Journal of Infectious Diseases 169, 588–594.
34. Engelbrecht, F., Eisenhardt, G., Turner, J., Sundaralingam, J., Owen, D., Braun, G., Connor, V. & Taylor, D. W. (1992). Analysis of antibody responses directed against two Onchocerca volvulus antigens inhabitants re-examined after several months in the endemic area of Guatemalan onchocerciais, Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 78, 553–555.
35. Karam, M. & Weiss, N. (1985). Seroepidemiological investigations of onchocerciasis in a hyperendemic area of West Africa. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 34, 907–917.
36. Klenk, A., Geyer, E. & Zahner, H. (1984). Serodiagnosis of human onchocerciasis: evaluation of a sensitivity and specificity of a purified Litomosoides carinii adult worm extract. Tropenmedzin und Parasitologie 35, 81–84.
37. Klion, A. D., Raghavan, N., Brindley, P. J. & Nutman, T. B. (1991). Cloning and characterization of a species-specific repetitive DNA sequence from Loa loa. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 45, 297–306.
38. 4 response correlates with active Wuchereria hancrofti infection. Journal of Immunology 145, 4298–4305.
39. Lal, R. B. & Ottesen, E. A. (1987). Phosphocholine epitopes on helminth and protozoal parasites and their presence in the circulation of inhsnxstpfected human patients. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 83, 652–655.
40. Lal, R. B. & Ottesen, E. A. (1988). Enhanced diagnostic specificity in human filariasis by IgG4 antibody assessment. Journal of Infectious Diseases 158, 1034–1037.
41. Lizotte, M. R., Supali, T., Partono, F. & Williams, S. A. (1994). A polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Brugia malayi in blood. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 51, 314—321.
42. Lobos, E., Altmann, M., Mengod, G., Weiss, N., Rudin, W. & Karam, M. (1990). Identification of an Onchocerca volvulus cDNA encoding a low-molecular-weight antigen uniquely recognised by onchocerciasis patient sera. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 39, 135–146.
43. Lobos, E. & Weiss, N. (1986). Identification of non-cross-reacting antigens of Onchocerca volvulus with lymphatic filariasis serum pools. Parasitology 93, 389–399.
44. Lobos, E., Weiss, N., Karam, M., Taylor, H. R., Ottesen, E. A. & Nutman, T. B. (1991). An immunogenic Onchocerca volvulus antigen: a specific and early marker of infection. Science 251, 1603–1605.
45. Lucius, R., Erondu, N., Kern, A. & Donelson, J. E. (1988). Molecular cloning of an immunodominant antigen of Onchocerca volvulus. Journal of Experimental Medicine 168, 1199–1204.
46. Lucius, R., Schulz-Key, H., Buttner, D. W., Kern, A., Kaltmann, B., Prod’Hon, J., Seeber, F., Walter, R. D., Saxena, K. C. & Diesfeld, H.-J. (1988). Characterization of an immunodominant Onchocerca volvulus antigen with patient sera and a monoclonal antibody. Journal of Experimental Medicine 167, 1505–1510.
47. Lujan, R., Collins, W. E., Stanfill, P. S., Campbell, C. C., Collins, R. C., Brogdon, W. & Huong, A. Y. (1983). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of Guatemalan onchocerciasis: comparison with the indirect fluorescent antibody zimmerman, p. a. & unnasch, t. r. (1991). Onchocerca volvulus'. Application of the polymerase chain reaction to identification and strain differentiation of the parasite. Experimental Parasitology 73, 335—344.
48. Meredith, S. E. O., Unnasch, T. R., Karam, M., Piessens, W. F. & Wirth, D. F. (1989). Cloning and characterization of an Onchocerca volvulus specific DNA sequence. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 36, 1–10.
49. Merriweather, A. & Unnasch, T. R. (1996). Onchocerca volvulus'. Development of a species specific polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Experimental Parasitology 83, 164–166.
50. More, S. J. & Copeman, D. B. (1990). A highly specific and sensitive monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating antigen in bancroftian filariasis. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 41, 403–406.
51. Murray, K. A., Post, R. J., Crampton, J. M., Mccall, P. J. & Kouyate, B. (1988). Cloning and characterization of a species-specific repetitive DNA sequence from Onchocerca armillata. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 30, 209–216.
52. Natarajan, S., Werner, C., Cameron, M. & Rajan, T. V. (1990). Isolation and characterization of a repetitive DNA element from the genome of the human filarial parasite, Brugia malayi. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 43, 39–50.
53. Nicolas, L. (1997). New tools for diagnosis and monitoring of bancroftian filariasis parasitism: the Polynesian Experience. Parasitology Today 13, 370–375.
54. Nicolas, L., Plichart, C., Nguyen, L. N. & Moulia-Elat, J.-P. (1997). Reduction of Wuchereria hancrofti adult worm circulating antigen after annual treatments of diethylcarbamazine combined with ivermectin in French Polynesia. Journal of Infectious Diseases 175, 489–492.
55. Nor, Z. M., Devaney, E. & Harnett, W. (1997). The USe of inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation and oligosaccharide processing to produce monoclonal antibodies against non-phosphorylcholine epitopes of Brugia pahangi excretory-secretory products. Parasitology Research 83, 813–815.
56. Noroes, J., Addiss, D., Amaral, F., Coutinho, A., Medeiros, Z. & Dreyer, G. (1996). Occurrence of adult Wuchereria hancrofti in the scrotal area of men with microfilaraemia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90, 55–56.
57. Nutman, T. B., Parredes, Y. W., Kubofcik, J. & Guderian, R. H. (1996). Polymerase chain reaction-based assessment after macrofilaricidal therapy in Onchocerca volvulus infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases 173, 773–776.
58. Nutman, T. B., Zimmerman, P. A., Kubofcik, J. & Kostyu, D. D. (1994). A universally applicable diagnostic approach to filarial and other infections. Parasitology Today 10, 239–243.
59. Ogunrinade, A. F., Chandrashekar, Egr., Weil, G. J. & Kale, O.O. (1992). Use of a recombinant antigen (OC 3'6 cDNA) for the serological diagnosis of onchocerciasis in exposed Nigerian children. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 38, 103–105.
60. Petterson, U. (1994). Cloning and characterization of a repetitive DNA sequence specific for Wuchereria bancrofti. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 51, 495–500.
61. Tada, I., Korenaga, M., Shiwaku, K., Ogunba, E. O., Ufomadu, G. O. & Nwoke, B. E. (1987). Specific serodiagnosis with adult Onchocerca volvulus antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 36, 383–386.
62. Taylor, H. R., Keyvan, L. E., Newland, H. S., White, A. T. & Green, B. M. (1987). Sensitivity of skin snips in the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 38, 145–147.
63. Thambiah, G., Whitworth, J., Hommel, M. & Devaney, E. (1992). Identification and characterization of a parasite antigen in the circulating immune complexes of Onchocerca volvulus infected patients. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 43, 271–276.
64. Theodore, J. G., Kaliraj, P., Jayachandran, S. & Jayaraman, K. (1993). Cloning, over-expression and evaluation of a recombinant fusion protein of Wuchereria bancrofti towards its application ns a diagnostic agent for bancroftian filariasis. Parasitology 106, 413–420.
65. Toe, L., Merriweather, A. & Unnasch, T. R. (1994). DNA probe-based classification of Simulium damnosum S.L.-borne and human-derived filarial parasites in the onchocerciaisis control program area. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 51, 676–683.
66. Toe, L., Tang, J., Back, C., Katholi, C. R. & Unnasch, T. R. (1996). Vector-parasite transmission complexes for onchocerciasis in West Africa. Lancet 349, 163–166.
67. Toure, F. S., Bain, O., Nerrienet, E., Millet, P., Wahl, G., Toure, Y., Doumbo, O., Nicolas, L., Georges, A. J., Mcreynolds, L. A. & Egwang, T. G. (1997). Detection of Loa /o<2-specific DNA blood from occult-infected individuals. Experimental Parasitology 86, 163—170.
68. Toure, F. S., Egwang, T. G., Wahl, G., Millet, P., Bain, O. & Georges, A. J. (1997). Species-specific sequence in the repeat 3 region of the gene encoding a putative Loa loa allergen: a diagnostic tool for occult loiasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 56, 57–60.
69. Tree, T. I. M., Gillespie, A. J., Shepley, K. J., Blaxter, M. L., Tuan, R. S. & Bradley, J. E. (1995). Characterisation of an immunodominant glycoprotein antigen of Onchocerca volvulus with homologues in other filarial nematodes and Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 69, 185–195.
70. Trenholme, K. R., Tree, T. I. M., Gillespie, A. J., Guderian, R., Maizels, R. M. & Bradley, J. E. (1994). Heterogeneity of IgG antibody responses to cloned antigens in microfilardermia positive individuals from Esmeraldas province Ecuador. Parasite Immunology 16, 201–209.
71. Turner, P., Copeman, D. B., Gerisis, D. & Speare, R. (1993). A comparison of the Og4C3 antigen capture ELISA, the Knott test, an IgG4 assay and clinical signs, in the diagnosis of Bancroftian filariasis. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 44, 45—48.
72. Unnasch, T. R., Gallin, M. Y., Soboslay, P. T., Plichart, C., Luquiaud, P., Nguyen, L. N. & Moulia-Pelat, J. P. (1996). A polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in blood samples from French Polynesia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine anda Hygiene 90, 384–387.
73. Williams, S. A., Poole, C. B., Landry, D., Glover, J. & Mcreynolds, L. A. (1993). Brugia malayi an Brugia pahangi'. Synthetic biotin labelling of oligonucleotides probes for use in species-specific detection assays. Experimental Parasitology 77, 235–245.
74. Wullenbucher, J., Hofle, W. & Lucius, R. (1993). The filarial antigens Av33/Ov33-3 show striking similarities to the major pepsin inhibitor from Ascaris suum. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 57, 349–352.
75. Xie, H., Bain, O. & Williams, S. A. (1994). Molecular phylogenetic studies on Brugia filariae using Hhal repeat sequences. Parasite 1, 255–260.
76. Zhong, M., Mccarthy, J., Bierwert, L., Lizotte-Waniewski, M., Chanteau, S., Nutman, T. B., Ottesen, E. A. & Williams, S. A. (1996). A polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of the parasite Wuchereria