Affirmative action in municipal government: Political, structural and demographic determinants of alternative strategies

Social Science Journal

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 615-625

  Sylvia, R D ^a   Haas, P J ^a  

^a SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0009181449     PISSN: 03623319     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0362-3319(98)90030-1     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. ACLU (1995). Civil rights groups try to stop Governor Wilson's suit against affirmative action, URL: http://www.aclu.org/community/calif-n/flash.html.
2. Appleby, P. (1945). Big Democracy. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
3. Ballard, S. and G. Lawn-Day. (1992). Affirmative Action in Municipal Government: Anatomy of a Failure. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 12: 5-18.
4. Baldwin, J. N. & Rothwell, B. A. (1993). Glass Ceiling in the Military: The Promotion Record of the United States Air Force. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 13: 5-25.
5. Benokraitis, N. V. (1978). Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity: Action, Inaction, Reaction. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
6. Cayer, N. J. and L. Sigelman, L. (1980). Minorities and Women in State and Local Government: 1973-75. Public Administration Review, 40: 443-451.
7. Citrin, J. (1996). The Angry White Male is a Straw Man. Public Affairs Report, 37: 10-13.
8. Custred, G. and T. Wood, T. (1996). The California civil rights initiative. URL: http:// www.calnet.com/ccri/text.html.
9. Department of Labor. (1991). A Report on the Glass Ceiling Initiative. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
10. Eisenger, P. (1982). Black Employment in Municipal Jobs: The Impact of Black Political Power. American Political Science Review, 76: 380-392.
11. Frederickson, H. G. (1990). Public Administration and Social Equity. Public Administration Review, 50: 228-237.
12. Gerston, L.N. and T. Christensen. (1984). Politics in the Golden State. Boston, MA: Little Brown Co.
13. Giles, M.W., E.F. Cataldo, and D. S. Gatlin. (1975). White Flight and Percent Black: The Tipping Pin Re-examined. Social Science Quarterly, 56: 85-92.
14. Haselswerdt, M. (1984). Voter Reaction to District and At-large Elections: Buffalo, N. Y. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 20: 31-45.
15. Hays, S. W. and R.C. Kearney, (1992). State Personnel Directors and the Dilemmas of Workforce 2000: A Survey. Public Administration Review, 52: 380-389.
16. Hero, R.E. (1989). Multiracial Coalitions in City Elections Involving Minority Candidates. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 25: 403-414.
17. Johnson v. Transportation Agency of Santa Clara County. (1987). 55 L.W. 4379.
18. Kellough, J.W. (1990). Integration in the Public Workforce: Determinants of Minority and Female Employment in Federal Agencies. Public Administration Review, 50: 557-564.
19. _. (1992). Affirmative Action in Government Employment. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 532: 117-131.
20. Kim, P.S. (1993). Racial Integration in the American Federal Government: With Special Reference to Asian-Americans. Review of Public Personnel Management, 13: 52-66.
21. Krislov, S. (1967). The Negro in Federal Employment: The Quest for Equality of Opportunity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
22. Legislative Analyst's Office, State of California. (1995). California population, at URL: http:// www.lao.ca.gov/cgep2.
23. Lester, R.A. (1980). Reasoning About Discrimination: The Analysis of Professional Executive Work in Federal Antibias Programs. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
24. Lewis, G. B. (1988). Toward Racial and Sexual Equality in the Federal Civil Service. Public Administration Review, 48: 700-706.
25. Lewis, W. L. (1989). Toward Representative Bureaucracy: Blacks in City Police Organization. Public Administration Review, 49: 257-267.
26. Lipset, S. M. (1992). Equal Chances Versus Equal Results: Affirmative Action Revisited. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 532: 63-74.
27. Local 93, International Association of Firefighters, AFL-CIO, C.L.C. v. City of Cleveland et a., (1986). 46 CCH S. CT. Bull. 4521.
28. McGrice, D. C. (1980). A New American Justice. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
29. Merit System Protection Board, (1992). A Question of Equity: Women and the Glass Ceiling in the Federal Government. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
30. Meier, K. J. and L. Nigro. (1976). Representative Democracy and Public Preferences: A Study in Attitudes of Federal Executives. Public Administration Review, 36: 458-469.
31. Rehfuss, J.A. (1986). A Representative Bureaucracy? Women and Minority Executives in the California Career Service. Public Administration Review, 46: 454-460.
32. Rosenbloom, D. H. (1973). The Civil Service Commission's Decision to Authorize the Use of Goals and Timetables in Federal Employment Opportunity Program. Western Political Quarterly, 26: 236-251.
33. Rosenbloom, D. H. (1983). Public Administration Theory and the Separation of Power. Public Administration Review, 43: 219-227.
34. Slack, J. D. (1987). City Managers, Police Chiefs and Fire Chiefs in the South: Testing for Determinants and Impacts of Attitudes Towards Affirmative Action. Review of Public Personnel Management, 7: 11-32.
35. Smith, L. (1980). Representative Bureaucracy: A Research Note on Demographic Representation in State Bureaucracies. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 1, 1-13.
36. Stein, L. (1985). A Representative Protective Service Concept, Demand, Reality. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 5: 88-89.
37. _. (1986). Representative Local Government: Minorities in the Municipal Workforce. Journal of Politics, 48: 694-713.
38. Sylvia, R. D. (1994). Public Personnel Administration. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
39. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. (1967). Racial-Isolation in the Public Schools. Washington, DC.
40. United States v. Paradise et al. (1987) 55 L.W. 4211.
41. Waldo, D. (1984). The Administrative State: A Study of the Political Theory of American Public Administration. New York: Holmes and Meier.
42. Woll, P. (1977). American Bureaucracy, 2nd ed., New York: Norton.
43. Wonnacott, T. J. and R.J. Wonnacott. (1977). Introductory Statistics. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
44. Zashin, E. (1978). Affirmative Action, Preferential Selection in Federal Employment. Public Personnel Management, 7: 378-393.