Modem Russian Social Security

Social Service Review

Volumn 72, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 251-268

  Arhangelsky, Vitaly D ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0009152644     PISSN: 00377961     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/515753     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. V. Draetriev, V. Grebennicov, and D. Lvov, "The Way of Russian Reforms," Economy Questions 6 (1996): 119-44, esp. 121 (in Russian).
2. N. Shmelev, "Economy and Society," Economy Questions 1 (1996): 17-32 (in Russian).
3. The government level of subsistence is the value of the monthly basket of the most important commodities, food, and services, which is equal to approximately $65. Dmetriev, Grebennicov, and Lvov (n. 1 above), p. 130.
4. F. A. Brokgauz and I. A. Efron, Russia: Encyclopedic Dictionary (Saint Petersburg: Lenizdat, 1898; reprint, Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1991), pp. 215-21 (in Russian). By 1889, there were 5,410 hospitals in Russia, 22.3 percent of which were owned by various enterprises. L. V. Kuprijanova, "Russian Entrepreneurs and the Problems of Social Insurance, 1880-1905," Domestic History 5 (1996): 50-76 (in Russian).
5. F. A. Brokgauz and I. A. Efron, Russia: Encyclopedic Dictionary (Saint Petersburg: Lenizdat, 1898; reprint, Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1991), pp. 215-21 (in Russian). By 1889, there were 5,410 hospitals in Russia, 22.3 percent of which were owned by various enterprises. L. V. Kuprijanova, "Russian Entrepreneurs and the Problems of Social Insurance, 1880-1905," Domestic History 5 (1996): 50-76 (in Russian).
6. Working papers of the Society to Support the Russian Industry and Trade, 1913, p. 106.
7. Brokgauz and Efron (n. 4 above), pp. 371-82.
8. A. A. Press, Insurance of Workers in Russia (St. Petersburg, 1900), pp. 2-3.
9. Kuprijanova (n. 4 above), p. 52.
10. Ibid., pp. 55, 60.
11. Workers Class in the First Russian Revolution, 1905-1907 (Moscow, 1981), pp. 41-42.
12. L. Rzanizina, "Pension Provision in Russia: State and Pensioners," Economy Questions 9 (1995): 49-55 (in Russian).
13. "Survey of the Economics of Aging: All Our Tomorrows - Penury or Plenty?" Economist (January 27, 1996), available at 〈www.economist.com〉.
14. M. Dmitriev, "Politics of Social Expenses in Contemporary Russia," Economy Questions 10 (1996): 49-63 (in Russian).
15. Income is taken into account indirectly because those who have luxurious or spacious accommodations pay more. Also, pensioners receive large discounts because their incomes are lower.
16. Nezavisimaja Gazeta, no. N27 (February 14, 1997), p. 1 (in Russian).
17. For example, in Saint Petersburg, the monthly ticket price is equal to 133 percent of the minimum monthly wage. This increases the problem of free ridership, which lowers the earnings potential of public transportation companies.
18. The population of the Russian Federation is approximately 150 million people.
19. According to legislation passed in the State Duma ("About the tariffs of insurance premiums in the pension fund . . . social insurance fund . . . employment fund . . . and compulsory medical insurance fund"), tariffs for individual entrepreneurs (self-employed), private detectives, notaries, auditors, and advocates will increase from 5 percent to 28 percent of their income.
20. Russian Vesty, no. N24 (February 7, 1997), p. 6.
21. A. Kolesnik, "Managing the Finance of the State Pension Insurance," Economy and Life, vol. 33 (1996) (in Russian).
22. S. Alexashenko, U. Goland, O. Grigoriev, M. Deliagin, V. Kashin, A. Neschadin, and D. Nikolgorodski, "Russia on the Way to Year 2000," Economy Questions 2 (1996): 4-50, esp. 37 (in Russian).
23. Shmelev (n. 2 above), p. 24.
24. Because of inflation, special coefficients will be applied beginning February 1998. These coefficients compare the pensioner's salary with the average national salary and length of service. Russian Newspaper, no. N25 (February 6, 1997), p. 1.
25. Russian Vesty, no. N22 (February 5, 1997), p. 1.
26. Rzanizina (n. 11 above).
27. N. P. Kouznetsova and V. D. Arhangelsky, Insurance Market in Russia and Small Entrepreneurship (Saint Petersburg: State University Press, 1995) (in Russian).
28. V D. Arhangelsky, "Russia Redux," Resource: The Magazine for Insurance and Financial Services Management (May 1996), pp. 68-73.
29. Russian Newspaper (n. 23 above), p. 23.
30. Official unemployment does not calculate hidden unemployment, i.e., the count of people who are officially employed but who spend the time on unpaid vacation or who work without being paid.
31. A. Dadashev, "Employment of the Population and Unemployment in Russia: Problems of Regulation," Economy Questions 1 (1996): 76-84, esp. 79 (in Russian).
32. Ibid., p. 81.
33. Salaries in Saint Petersburg (and Moscow) are considerably higher than in other regions of the country.
34. S. Shishkin, "Metamorphoses of Russian Health Care Reform," Economy Questions 9 (1995): 26-33, esp. 27 (in Russian).
35. I. Rozdestvenskaya and S. Shishkin, "Reforms in Social-Cultural Sphere: In Whose Interests?" Economy Questions 1 (1996): 33-46 (in Russian).
36. Insurance companies must have a special license from the insurance supervision authority to be included in the compulsory medical insurance financing mechanism.
37. N. A. Kravchenko, "Analysis of the Financial Provision of the Citizens of the Russian Federation by the Means of Compulsory Medical Insurance System and the Health Care Budget in 1995," Economy of Health Care Service (special issue) (1996):51-55 (in Russian).
38. Russian Newspaper (n. 23 above), p. 2.
39. Rozdestvenskaya and Shishkin (n. 34 above), p. 38.
40. Ibid.
41. Izvestia, no. N29 (February 14, 1997), p. 5.
42. Dmitriev (n. 13 above), p. 54.
43. Ibid.
44. Brokgauz and Efron (n. 4 above).