Trouble in the Gulf: Pain and promise

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Volumn 54, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 39-43

  Lopez, George A ^a   Cortright, David ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

^b Fourth Freedom Forum   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0009053040     PISSN: 00963402     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00963402.1998.11456844     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. See then-CIA director William H. Webster's testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee, "Sanctions in the Persian Gulf, Iraq: The Impact of Sanctions, December 4, 1990," Congressional Record, Jan. 10, 1991, S123B24.
2. United Nations, Report to the Secretary General on Humanitarian Needs in Kuwait and Iraq in the Immediate Post-Crisis Environment by a Mission to the Area led by Mister Martti Ahtisaari, Under Secretary General for Administration and Management, dated 20 March 1991 (New York: United Nations, 1991), pp. 5 and 13.
3. Interview with Milton Leitenberg, December 12, 1997; Leitenberg based his estimates of lost oil revenues on those used by former UNSCOM director Rolf Ekeus. Richard Haass has estimated Iraq's lost oil revenues at $100 billion; see Richard Haass, "Time to Revisit Sanctions," Financial Times, Jan. 12, 1998.
4. Secretary of State Madeleine K. Albright, "Preserving Principle and Safeguarding Stability: United States Policy Toward Iraq" (remarks at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., March 26, 1997).
5. U.N. Security Council, Letter Dated 22 November 1997 From the Executive Chairman of the Special Commission Established by the Secretary-General Pursuant to Paragraph 9(b)(i) of Security Council Resolution 687 (1991) Addressed to the President of the Security Council, S/1997/922, November 24, 1997, p. 3.
6. Report on the Activities of the Special Commission, S/1997/774, p. 7.
7. Letter From Executive Chairman of Special Commission, S/1997/922, p. 4.
8. British Foreign Office, "Foreign Office Paper on Iraqi Threat and Work of UNSCOM," London, Feb. 4, 1998. Available at www.fco.gov.uk
9. Rolf Ekeus, remarks, Conference on Nuclear Nonproliferation and the Millennium: Prospects and Initiatives, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, D.C., Feb. 13, 1996.
10. David Kay, remarks at the Conference on Economic Sanctions and Nuclear Nonproliferation: Bombs, Carrots, and Sticks, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, April 1994.
11. United Nations, The United Nations and the Iraq-Kuwait Conflict, 1990-1996, Blue Books series, vol. 9 (New York: United Nations Department of Public Information, 1996), 54B55.
12. The United Nations and the Iraq-Kuwait Conflict, 1990-1996, 9 (1996), 54B55. Ibid.
13. See George A. Lopez and David Cortright, "The Sanctions Era: An Alternative to Military Intervention?" The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs vol. 19, no. 2 (May 1995);
14. and David Cortright and George Lopez, eds., Economic Sanctions: Panacea or Peacebuilding in a Post-Cold War World? (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995).
15. Gary C. Hufbauer, Jeffrey J. Schott, and Kimberly Ann Elliott, Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policies, 2nd ed. (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1990).
16. David Cortright and George A. Lopez, "Carrots, Sticks, and Cooperation: Economic Tools of Statecraft," in Cases and Strategies for Preventive Action, Barnett R. Rubin, ed. (New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1998), 113B34.
17. Haass, "Time to Revisit Sanctions."
18. Albright, "Preserving Principle and Safeguarding Stability."
19. Quoted in Barbara Crossette, "For Iraq, A Doghouse with Many Rooms," New York Times, Nov. 23, 1997.