A Phanerozoic analogue for Witwatersrand-type uranium mineralization: Uranium-titanium-bitumen nodules in Devonian conglomerate/sandstone, Orkney, Scotland

Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Applied Earth Science

Volumn 107, Issue MAY-AUG, 1998, Pages

  McCready, A J ^a   Parnell, J ^a,b  

^a QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0008913032     PISSN: 03717453     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Al Dahan A. A. and Morad S. Authigenic sphene in sandstones of the Brottum Formation (Norway) and the Dala sandstone (Sweden). N. Jb. Mineralogie Monatshefte, 1986, 135-14.
2. Astin T. R. The Devonian lacustrine sediments of Orkney, Scotland - implications for climate cyclicity, basin structure and maturation history. J. geol. Soc. Lond., 147, 1990, 141-51.
3. Barnicoat A. C. et al. Hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Witwatersrand basin. Nature, Lond., 386, 1997, 820-4.
4. Bowie S. H. U., Simpson P. R. and Rice C. M. Application of fission-track and neutron activation methods to geochemical exploration. In Jones M. J. ed. Geochemical exploration 1972 (London: IMM, 1972), 359-72.
5. Breger I. A. and Deul M. Association of uranium with carbonaceous matter, with special reference to the Temple Mountain region. In Garrels R. M. and Larsen F. S. eds Geochemistry and mineralogy of the Colorado Plateau uranium ores. Prof. Pap. U.S. Geol. Surv., 320, 1959, 139-19.
6. Carroll D. Rock weathering (New York: Plenum, 1970) 203 p.
7. Charlesby A. Radiation chemistry of polymers. In Farhataziz and Rodgers M. A. J. eds Radiation chemistry - principles and applications (New York: VCH, 1987).
8. Clarke P. Sedimentological studies in Lower Old Red Sandstone basins, northern Scotland. Ph.D. thesis, Queen's University of Belfast, 1990.
9. Cornford C. et al. Nature and origin of 'carbon' in the Archean Witwatersrand Basin, Republic of South Africa. In Extended abstract volume of the Geofluids II '97 conference (Belfast: Queen's University, 1997), 432-5.
10. Curiale J. A. et al. Petroleum related origin for uraniferous organic-rich nodules of southwestern Oklahoma. Bull. Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol., 67, 1983, 588-608.
11. Dahlkamp F. J. Uranium ore deposits (Berlin: Springer, 1993).
12. Das N. and MacKenzie A. B. Distribution and geochemistry of uranium in the Orcadian rocks from northeast Scotland: a fission track study. J. geol. Soc. India, 38, 1991, 599-604.
13. Dimanche F. and Bartholome P. The alteration of ilmenite in sediments. Minerals Sci. Engng, 8, 1976, 187-201.
14. Fannin N. G. T. The sedimentary environment of the Old Red Sandstone of western Orkney. Ph.D. thesis, University of Reading, England, 1969.
15. Feather C. E. Some aspects of Witwatersrand mineralization, with special reference to uranium minerals. In Armstrong F. ed. Genesis of the U- and Au-bearing quartz-pebble conglomerates in the Witwatersrand and the Blind River. Prof. Pap. U.S. Geol. Surv. 1161, 1981, Q1-23.
16. Fitzpatrick R. W., Le Roux J. and Schwertmann U. Amorphous and crystalline titanium and iron-titanium oxides in synthetic preparations at near ambient conditions and in soil clays. Clays & Clay Minerals, 26, 1978, 189-201.
17. Gallagher M. J. et al. New evidence for uranium and other mineralization in Scotland. Trans. Instn Min. Metall. (Sect. B: Appl. earth sci.), 80, 1971, B150-73.
18. Garrels R. M. and MacKenzie F. T. Evolution of sedimentary rocks (New York: Norton, 1971) 397 p.
19. Guthrie V. A. Fisson track analysis of uranium distribution in granitic rocks. Chem. Geol., 77, 1989, 87-103.
20. Hole M. J., Trewin N. H. and Still J. Mobility of the high field strength, rare earth elements and yttrium during late diagenesis. J. geol. Soc. Lond., 149, 1992, 689-92.
21. Ixer R. A., Turner P. and Waugh B. Authigenic iron and titanium oxides in Triassic red beds (St. Bees Sandstone), Cumbria, northern England. Geol. J., 14, 1979, 179-92.
22. Kamineni D. C. Distribution of uranium, thorium and rare-earth elements in the Eye-Dashwa lakes pluton - a study of some analogue elements. In Chapman N. A. and Smellie J. A. T. (guest editors) Natural analogues to the conditions around a final repository for high-level radioactive waste. Chem. Geol., 55, 1986, 361-73.
23. Kantorowicz J. D. The petrology and diagenesis of Middle Jurassic clastic sediments, Ravenscar Group, Yorkshire. Sedimentology, 32, 1985, 833-53.
24. Langmuir D. Uranium solution-mineral equilibria at low temperatures with applications to sedimentary ore deposits. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 42, 1978, 147-56.
25. Loughnan F. C. Chemical weathering of the silicate minerals (New York: Elsevier, 1969) 154 p.
26. Marshall J. E. A., Brown J. F. and Hindmarsh S. Hydrocarbon source rock potential of the Devonian rocks of the Orcadian Basin. Scott. J. Geol., 21, 1985, 301-20.
27. Menager M. T. et al. Migration of U, Th, REE in an intragranitic system - implications for the mobility of actinides around a radwaste repository. Radiochim. Acta, 44-45, 1988, 291-7.
28. Michie U. McL. and Cooper D. C. Uranium in the Old Red Sandstone of Orkney. Rep. Inst. Geol. Sci. no. 78/16, 1979, 37 p.
29. Monson B. J. G. Aspects of hydrocarbon migration and hydrocarbon-metal interaction in sedimentary basins. Ph.D. thesis, Queen's University of Belfast, 1993.
30. Morad S. SEM study of authigenic rutile, anatase and brookite in Proterozoic sandstones from Sweden. Sediment. Geol., 46, 1986, 77-89.
31. Mykura W. British regional geology: Orkney and Shetland (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1976) 149 p.
32. Parnell J. Hydrocarbon source rocks, reservoir rocks and migration in the Orcadian basin. Scott. J. Geol., 21, 1985, 321-36.
33. Parnell J. Mineralized magadi-type cherts in the Devonian of Scotland: support for a model of sulphide deposition in low-temperature alkaline conditions. Econ. Geol., 82, 1987, 1053-6.
34. Parnell J. Phanerozoic analogues for carbonaceous matter in Witwatersrand ore deposits. Econ. Geol., 91, 1996, 55-62.
35. Parnell J. and Janaway T. Sulphide mineralized algal breccias in a Devonian evaporitic lake system, Orkney, Scotland. Ore Geology Reviews, 5, 1990, 445-60.
36. Parnell J., McCready A. and Veale C. Fluids and fluid migration in the Witwatersrand carbon-bearing ores and younger analogues. Reference 9, 448-51.
37. Parnell J., Monson B. and Tosswill R. J. Petrography of thoriferous hydrocarbon nodules in sandstones, and their significance for petroleum exploration. J. geol. Soc. Lond., 147, 1990, 837-42.
38. Pointer C. M., Ashworth J. R. and Simpson P. R. Genesis of coffinite and the U-Ti association on Lower Old Red Sandstone sediments. Mineral. Deposita, 24, 1989, 117-23.
39. Ramdohr P. Die "Pronto-Reaktion". N. Jb. Mineralogie Monatshefte, 1957, 217-22.
40. Rasmussen B. and Glover J. E. Diagenesis of low mobility elements (Ti, REE, Th) and solid bitumen envelopes in Permian Kennedy Group sandstone, Western Australia. J. sedim. Research, A64, 1994, 572-83.
41. Rich R. A., Holland H. D. and Petersen U. Hydrothermal uranium deposits (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1977) 264 p.
42. Robb L. J and Meyer F. M. The Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: geological framework and mineralization processes. Ore Geology Reviews, 10, 1995, 67-94.
43. Robb L. J. et al. Petrographic, chemical and spectroscopic data relating to the origin of carbonaceous matter in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa. Reference 9, 452-5.
44. Robb L. J. et al. Nodular hydrocarbons in granites, implications for the origin of kerogen in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa. Min. Geol., 3, 1994, 219-30.
45. Robinson A. R. and Spooner T. C. Can the Elliot Lake uraninite-bearing quartz pebble conglomerates be used to place limits on the oxygen content of the early Proterozoic atmosphere? J. geol. Soc. Lond., 141, 1984, 221-8.
46. Robinson A. R. and Spooner T. C. Postdepositional modification of uraninite-bearing quartz-pebble conglomerates from the Quirke zone, Elliot Lake, Ontario. Econ. Geol., 79, 1984, 297-321.
47. Schidlowski M. Uraniferous constituents of the Witwatersrand conglomerates: ore-microscopic observations and implications for the Witwatersrand metallogeny. Reference 15, N1-23.
48. 48: Simpson P. R. and Bowles J. F. Detrital uraninite and pyrite: are they evidence for a reducing atmosphere? Reference 15, S1-12.
49. Singh G. et al. Uranium mineralization in the Proterozoic mobile belts of India. Exploration and Research for Atomic Minerals, 3, 1990, 83-101.
50. Smits G. Some aspects of the uranium minerals in the Witwatersrand sediments of the early Proterozoic. Precamb. Res., 25, 1984, 37-59.
51. Theis N. J. Uranium-bearing and associated minerals in their geochemical and sedimentary context, Elliot Lake, Ontario. Geol. Surv. Can. Bull., 304, 1979, 50 p.
52. Tweedie J. R. Origin of uranium and other metal enrichments in the Helmsdale Granite, eastern Sutherland, Scotland. Trans. Instn Min. Metall. (Sect. B: Appl. earth sci.), 88, 1979, B145-53.
53. Veale C. and Parnell J. Phanerozoic analogues for carbon in Precambrian uranium deposits (Oklo, Witwatersrand): significance of host facies. In Pašava J., Kříbek B. and Zák K. eds Mineral deposits: from their origin to their environmental impacts (Rotterdam: Balkema, 1995) 811-4.
54. Veale C. and Parnell J. Metal organic interactions in the Dinantian Solway Basin, UK: inferences for oil migration studies. Spec. Pub. geol. Soc. Lond., 107, 1996, 51-63.
55. Watson J. C. and Plant J. Regional geochemistry of uranium as a guide to deposit formation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A, 291, 1979, 321-38.
56. Willingham T. O. et al. Uranium-bearing stratiform organic matter in paleoplacers of the lower Huronian Supergroup, Elliot Lake-Blind River region, Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci., 22, 1986, 1930-44.