Sources for a history of the ternary diagram

British Journal for the History of Science

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 337-356

  Howarth, Richard J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 0008906718     PISSN: 00070874     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s000708740003449x     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. R. Mead, 'Statistical games 2 - medical diagnosis', Teaching Statistics (1992), 14, 12-16; P. K. W. Digby, 'Do we need trilemmas?', Teaching Statistics (1993), 15, 66-7.
2. R. Mead, 'Statistical games 2 - medical diagnosis', Teaching Statistics (1992), 14, 12-16; P. K. W. Digby, 'Do we need trilemmas?', Teaching Statistics (1993), 15, 66-7.
3. J. B. Peddle, The Construction of Graphical Charts, 2nd edn, New York, 1910, figs. 57, 58.
4. G. C. Dickinson, Statistical Mapping and the Presentation of Statistics, London, 1973, figs. 11, 27, 50.
5. J. R. Riggleman, Graphic Methods for Presenting Business Statistics, 2nd edn, New York, 1936; J. M. Chambers, W. S. Cleveland, B. Kleiner and P. A. Tukey, Graphical Methods for Data Analysis, Belmont, CA, 1983; C. F. Schmid, Statistical Graphics. Design Principles and Practices, New York, 1983; E. R. Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Cheshire, CO, 1983; W. S. Cleveland, The Elements of Graphing Data, Monterey, CA, 1985; E. R. Tufte, Envisioning Information, Cheshire, CO, 1990.
6. J. R. Riggleman, Graphic Methods for Presenting Business Statistics, 2nd edn, New York, 1936; J. M. Chambers, W. S. Cleveland, B. Kleiner and P. A. Tukey, Graphical Methods for Data Analysis, Belmont, CA, 1983; C. F. Schmid, Statistical Graphics. Design Principles and Practices, New York, 1983; E. R. Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Cheshire, CO, 1983; W. S. Cleveland, The Elements of Graphing Data, Monterey, CA, 1985; E. R. Tufte, Envisioning Information, Cheshire, CO, 1990.
7. J. R. Riggleman, Graphic Methods for Presenting Business Statistics, 2nd edn, New York, 1936; J. M. Chambers, W. S. Cleveland, B. Kleiner and P. A. Tukey, Graphical Methods for Data Analysis, Belmont, CA, 1983; C. F. Schmid, Statistical Graphics. Design Principles and Practices, New York, 1983; E. R. Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Cheshire, CO, 1983; W. S. Cleveland, The Elements of Graphing Data, Monterey, CA, 1985; E. R. Tufte, Envisioning Information, Cheshire, CO, 1990.
8. J. R. Riggleman, Graphic Methods for Presenting Business Statistics, 2nd edn, New York, 1936; J. M. Chambers, W. S. Cleveland, B. Kleiner and P. A. Tukey, Graphical Methods for Data Analysis, Belmont, CA, 1983; C. F. Schmid, Statistical Graphics. Design Principles and Practices, New York, 1983; E. R. Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Cheshire, CO, 1983; W. S. Cleveland, The Elements of Graphing Data, Monterey, CA, 1985; E. R. Tufte, Envisioning Information, Cheshire, CO, 1990.
9. J. R. Riggleman, Graphic Methods for Presenting Business Statistics, 2nd edn, New York, 1936; J. M. Chambers, W. S. Cleveland, B. Kleiner and P. A. Tukey, Graphical Methods for Data Analysis, Belmont, CA, 1983; C. F. Schmid, Statistical Graphics. Design Principles and Practices, New York, 1983; E. R. Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Cheshire, CO, 1983; W. S. Cleveland, The Elements of Graphing Data, Monterey, CA, 1985; E. R. Tufte, Envisioning Information, Cheshire, CO, 1990.
10. J. R. Riggleman, Graphic Methods for Presenting Business Statistics, 2nd edn, New York, 1936; J. M. Chambers, W. S. Cleveland, B. Kleiner and P. A. Tukey, Graphical Methods for Data Analysis, Belmont, CA, 1983; C. F. Schmid, Statistical Graphics. Design Principles and Practices, New York, 1983; E. R. Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Cheshire, CO, 1983; W. S. Cleveland, The Elements of Graphing Data, Monterey, CA, 1985; E. R. Tufte, Envisioning Information, Cheshire, CO, 1990.
11. H. G. Funkhouser, 'Historical development of the graphical representation of statistical data', Osiris (1938), 3, 269-404; E. Royston, 'A note on the history of the graphical presentation of data', Biometrika (1956), 43, 241-7; J. R. Beniger and D. L. Robyn, 'Quantitative graphics in statistics: a brief history', American Statistician (1978), 32, 1-11.
12. H. G. Funkhouser, 'Historical development of the graphical representation of statistical data', Osiris (1938), 3, 269-404; E. Royston, 'A note on the history of the graphical presentation of data', Biometrika (1956), 43, 241-7; J. R. Beniger and D. L. Robyn, 'Quantitative graphics in statistics: a brief history', American Statistician (1978), 32, 1-11.
13. H. G. Funkhouser, 'Historical development of the graphical representation of statistical data', Osiris (1938), 3, 269-404; E. Royston, 'A note on the history of the graphical presentation of data', Biometrika (1956), 43, 241-7; J. R. Beniger and D. L. Robyn, 'Quantitative graphics in statistics: a brief history', American Statistician (1978), 32, 1-11.
14. I. Newton, Opticks or A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and Colours of Light, 2nd edn, London, 1718, prop. VI, prob. II, 134-7; book I, part II, plate III, fig. 11. See also 4th edn, reprinted New York 1952, 155.
15. A. R. Hall, All Was Light. An Introduction to Newton's Opticks, Oxford, 1993.
16. E. G. Forbes, Tobias Mayer's Opera Inedita. The First Translation of the Lichtenberg Edition of 1775, London, 1971, 84.
17. Forbes, op. cit. (8), 86.
18. J. H. Lambert, 'Mémoire sur la partie photométrique de l'art du peintre', Histoire de L'Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres (1770), 80-108, especially unnumbered figure on 98. (Read 1768.)
19. L. Tilling, 'Early experimental graphs', BJHS (1975), 8, 193-213.
20. D. Diderot and J. d'Alembert, Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers par une société de gens de lettres, 35 vols., Paris, 1751-80, supplement I (1776), 663.
21. Forbes, op. cit. (8), 122-3.
22. T. Young (ed.), A Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts, 2 vols., London, 1845, i, plate XXIX, fig. 427.
23. H. Helmholtz, 'On the theory of compound colours', Philosophical Magazine, series 4 (1852), 4, 519-34; and 'Ueber die Theorie der Zusammengesetzen Farben', Annalen der Physik (1852), 87, 45-66.
24. H. Helmholtz, 'On the theory of compound colours', Philosophical Magazine, series 4 (1852), 4, 519-34; and 'Ueber die Theorie der Zusammengesetzen Farben', Annalen der Physik (1852), 87, 45-66.
25. J. D. Forbes, 'Hints towards a classification of colours', Philosophical Magazine, series 3 (1849), 34, 161-78, especially fig. 1, on 168.
26. P. M. Harman (ed.), The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell. I. 1846-1862, Cambridge, 1990, 300.
27. Harman, op. cit. (17), 302 n9.
28. J. C. Maxwell, 'Experiments on colour, as perceived by the eye, with remarks on colour-blindness', Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1857), 21, 275-98, reprinted in W. D. Niven (ed.), The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, New York, 1890, 126-54. A colour photograph of Maxwell's colour-mixing apparatus will be found in F. W. Campbell, 'Prologue: Cambridge colour contributions', in Colour Vision. Physiology and Psychophysics (ed. J. D. Mollon and L. T. Sharpe), London, 1983, plate 3, opposite p. xxiii.
29. J. C. Maxwell, 'Experiments on colour, as perceived by the eye, with remarks on colour-blindness', Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1857), 21, 275-98, reprinted in W. D. Niven (ed.), The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, New York, 1890, 126-54. A colour photograph of Maxwell's colour-mixing apparatus will be found in F. W. Campbell, 'Prologue: Cambridge colour contributions', in Colour Vision. Physiology and Psychophysics (ed. J. D. Mollon and L. T. Sharpe), London, 1983, plate 3, opposite p. xxiii.
30. J. C. Maxwell, 'Experiments on colour, as perceived by the eye, with remarks on colour-blindness', Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1857), 21, 275-98, reprinted in W. D. Niven (ed.), The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, New York, 1890, 126-54. A colour photograph of Maxwell's colour-mixing apparatus will be found in F. W. Campbell, 'Prologue: Cambridge colour contributions', in Colour Vision. Physiology and Psychophysics (ed. J. D. Mollon and L. T. Sharpe), London, 1983, plate 3, opposite p. xxiii.
31. Maxwell, op. cit. (19), 130.
32. Maxwell, op. cit. (19), 132.
33. Maxwell, op. cit. (19), 127-8.
34. Maxwell, op. cit. (19), 131-2.
35. Maxwell, op. cit. (19), 133-4.
36. L. Campbell and W. Garnett, The Life of James Clerk Maxwell, London, 1882, plates I-II.
37. J. C. Maxwell, 'On the theory of compound colours, and the relations of the colours of the spectrum', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (1860), 150, 57-84, and fig. 4.
38. Digby, op. cit. (1).
39. W. D. Wright, 'A re-determination of the trichromatic coefficients of the spectral colours', Transactions of the Optical Society (1929), 30, 141-64; The Measurement of Colour, 2nd edn, London, 1958; and 'The origins of the 1931 CIE system', in Human Colour Vision (ed. R. M. Boynton), New York, 1979, 397-403. It is interesting that both Boynton (figs. 5.1, 5.12, 5.14, 5.15) and A. Werner in From Pigments to Perception (ed. A. Valberg and B. B. Lee), New York, 1991, 392, have reverted from use of the CIE system to that of ternary diagrams. Boynton (on 133) notes 'use of a triangular chart instantly clarifies relationships that are otherwise obscure'.
40. W. D. Wright, 'A re-determination of the trichromatic coefficients of the spectral colours', Transactions of the Optical Society (1929), 30, 141-64; The Measurement of Colour, 2nd edn, London, 1958; and 'The origins of the 1931 CIE system', in Human Colour Vision (ed. R. M. Boynton), New York, 1979, 397-403. It is interesting that both Boynton (figs. 5.1, 5.12, 5.14, 5.15) and A. Werner in From Pigments to Perception (ed. A. Valberg and B. B. Lee), New York, 1991, 392, have reverted from use of the CIE system to that of ternary diagrams. Boynton (on 133) notes 'use of a triangular chart instantly clarifies relationships that are otherwise obscure'.
41. W. D. Wright, 'A re-determination of the trichromatic coefficients of the spectral colours', Transactions of the Optical Society (1929), 30, 141-64; The Measurement of Colour, 2nd edn, London, 1958; and 'The origins of the 1931 CIE system', in Human Colour Vision (ed. R. M. Boynton), New York, 1979, 397-403. It is interesting that both Boynton (figs. 5.1, 5.12, 5.14, 5.15) and A. Werner in From Pigments to Perception (ed. A. Valberg and B. B. Lee), New York, 1991, 392, have reverted from use of the CIE system to that of ternary diagrams. Boynton (on 133) notes 'use of a triangular chart instantly clarifies relationships that are otherwise obscure'.
42. W. D. Wright, 'A re-determination of the trichromatic coefficients of the spectral colours', Transactions of the Optical Society (1929), 30, 141-64; The Measurement of Colour, 2nd edn, London, 1958; and 'The origins of the 1931 CIE system', in Human Colour Vision (ed. R. M. Boynton), New York, 1979, 397-403. It is interesting that both Boynton (figs. 5.1, 5.12, 5.14, 5.15) and A. Werner in From Pigments to Perception (ed. A. Valberg and B. B. Lee), New York, 1991, 392, have reverted from use of the CIE system to that of ternary diagrams. Boynton (on 133) notes 'use of a triangular chart instantly clarifies relationships that are otherwise obscure'.
43. D. Brewster, 'On the laws which regulate the distribution of the polarising force in plates, tubes, and cylinders of glass, that have received the polarising structure', Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1818), 108, 199-273; and 'Optics', in The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia (ed. D. Brewster), Edinburgh, 1830, 460-662.
44. D. Brewster, 'On the laws which regulate the distribution of the polarising force in plates, tubes, and cylinders of glass, that have received the polarising structure', Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1818), 108, 199-273; and 'Optics', in The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia (ed. D. Brewster), Edinburgh, 1830, 460-662.
45. Campbell and Garnett, op. cit. (25), 487 and plate III.
46. J. C. Maxwell, 'To find the form of the central bars seen by polarised light in pieces of an unannealed glass' (Cambridge, 1848), in Harman, op. cit. (17), 101-3, and fig. 14.2.
47. J. C. Maxwell, 'To find the form of the central bars seen by polarised light in pieces of an unannealed glass' (Cambridge, 1848), in Harman, op. cit. (17), 101-3, and fig. 14.2.
48. J. C. Maxwell, 'On the equilibrium of elastic solids', Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1853), 20, 87-120, and figs. 2-4.
49. J. W. Gibbs, 'Graphical methods in the thermodynamics of fluids', Transactions of the Connecticut Academy (1873), 2, 309-42.
50. M. Rukeyser (ed.), Willard Gibbs, Garden City, NY, 1942; unnumbered figure opposite 202; L. P. Wheeler, Josiah Willard Gibbs. The History of a Great Mind, New Haven, 1962, unnumbered figure opposite 86.
51. M. Rukeyser (ed.), Willard Gibbs, Garden City, NY, 1942; unnumbered figure opposite 202; L. P. Wheeler, Josiah Willard Gibbs. The History of a Great Mind, New Haven, 1962, unnumbered figure opposite 86.
52. For a system in equilibrium, the number of phases present (p) cannot be more than (n+2), where n is the number of independently variable components in the whole system. If p = n+2, equilibrium can exist only at a single temperature and a single pressure (for example ice-water-steam); if p = n+1, either pressure or temperature can be arbitrarily chosen (for example a liquid and its vapour).
53. J. W. Gibbs, 'On the equilibrium of heterogenous substances I', Transactions of the Connecticut Academy (1875), 3, 108-248.
54. Letter from Maxwell to Stokes, 8 October 1859, in Harman, op. cit. (17), 619-22.
55. Wheeler, op. cit. (34), 238.
56. G. G. Stokes, 'On a graphical representation of the results of Dr Alder Wright's experiments on ternary alloys', Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (1891), 49, 174-8, and fig. 1.
57. S. F. Taylor, 'Mass law studies, III', Journal of Physical Chemistry (1897), 1, 542-6.
58. F. G. Donnan and A. Haas (eds.), A Commentary on the Scientific Writings of J. Willard Gibbs. I. Thermodynamics, New Haven, 1936.
59. H. W. B. Roozeboom, 'Die Gleichgewichte von Lösungen zweier oder dreier bestandteile mit festen Phasen: Komponenten, binäre und ternäre Verbindungen, in ihrem Zusammenhang dargestellt', Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie (1893), 12, 359-89, and figs. 7, 8, 9, 11, 16.
60. W. D. Bancroft, 'A triangular diagram', Journal of Physical Chemistry (1897), 1, 403-10, and 404, fig. 1.
61. H. W. B. Roozeboom, 'Graphische Darstellung der heterogenen Systeme aus ein bis vier Stoffen, mit Einschluss der chemischen Umsetzung', Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie (1894), 15, 145-58, and fig. 3.
62. Bancroft, op. cit. (43), 405.
63. H. W. B. Roozeboom and A. H. W. Aten, 'Gleichgewichte zwischen festen und flüssigen Phasen in ternären Systemen, welche pseudo-binär sind, mit Anwendung zur Erklärung anomaler Schemlz- und Lösungserscheinungen', Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (1905), 55, 449-501, and figs. 2, 5, 36.
64. Taylor, op. cit. (40), fig. 1.
65. Taylor, op. cit. (40), 542.
66. S. F. Taylor, 'Mass law studies, II', Journal of Physical Chemistry (1897), 1, 461-73.
67. F. Guthrie, 'On eutexia', Philosophical Magazine, series 5 (1884), 17, 462-82.
68. Bancroft, op. cit. (43), 408-9, and fig. 2.
69. 2', American Journal of Science, series 4 (1915), 34, 1-79.
70. W. J. Mead, 'Redistribution of elements in the formation of sedimentary rocks', Journal of Geology (1907), 15, 238-56, figs. 3, 6; A. Reid, 'The igneous rocks near Pajaro', Bulletin of the Department of Geology, University of California (1902), 3, 173-90, and plate 18.
71. W. J. Mead, 'Redistribution of elements in the formation of sedimentary rocks', Journal of Geology (1907), 15, 238-56, figs. 3, 6; A. Reid, 'The igneous rocks near Pajaro', Bulletin of the Department of Geology, University of California (1902), 3, 173-90, and plate 18.
72. H. van Philipsborn, 'Zur graphischen Behandlung quaternärer Systeme', Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Mügge-Festband (1928), supplementary volume 57A, 973-1012.
73. J. P. Iddings, Igneous Rocks. I. Composition, Texture and Classification, 2 vols., New York, 1909, i, fig. 3; A. Holmes, Petrographic Methods and Calculations with some Examples of Results Achieved, London, 1921, figs. 48, 72-78; P. Niggli and P. J. Beger, Gesteins-und mineralprovinzen. Band I. Einführung. Zielsetzung. Chemismus der Eruptivgestine, insbesondere der Lamprophyre, Berlin, 1923, figs. 6, 7, 9a; H. Rosenbusch and A. Osann, Elemente der Gesteinslehre, 4th edn, Stuttgart, 1923, plates I-III; P. Niggli, Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, I. Allgemeine Mineralogie, Berlin, 1924, figs. 143, 494-8, and Tabellen zur allgemeinen und speziellen Mineralogie, Berlin, 1927, part II, figs. 9, 19.
74. J. P. Iddings, Igneous Rocks. I. Composition, Texture and Classification, 2 vols., New York, 1909, i, fig. 3; A. Holmes, Petrographic Methods and Calculations with some Examples of Results Achieved, London, 1921, figs. 48, 72-78; P. Niggli and P. J. Beger, Gesteins-und mineralprovinzen. Band I. Einführung. Zielsetzung. Chemismus der Eruptivgestine, insbesondere der Lamprophyre, Berlin, 1923, figs. 6, 7, 9a; H. Rosenbusch and A. Osann, Elemente der Gesteinslehre, 4th edn, Stuttgart, 1923, plates I-III; P. Niggli, Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, I. Allgemeine Mineralogie, Berlin, 1924, figs. 143, 494-8, and Tabellen zur allgemeinen und speziellen Mineralogie, Berlin, 1927, part II, figs. 9, 19.
75. J. P. Iddings, Igneous Rocks. I. Composition, Texture and Classification, 2 vols., New York, 1909, i, fig. 3; A. Holmes, Petrographic Methods and Calculations with some Examples of Results Achieved, London, 1921, figs. 48, 72-78; P. Niggli and P. J. Beger, Gesteins-und mineralprovinzen. Band I. Einführung. Zielsetzung. Chemismus der Eruptivgestine, insbesondere der Lamprophyre, Berlin, 1923, figs. 6, 7, 9a; H. Rosenbusch and A. Osann, Elemente der Gesteinslehre, 4th edn, Stuttgart, 1923, plates I-III; P. Niggli, Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, I. Allgemeine Mineralogie, Berlin, 1924, figs. 143, 494-8, and Tabellen zur allgemeinen und speziellen Mineralogie, Berlin, 1927, part II, figs. 9, 19.
76. J. P. Iddings, Igneous Rocks. I. Composition, Texture and Classification, 2 vols., New York, 1909, i, fig. 3; A. Holmes, Petrographic Methods and Calculations with some Examples of Results Achieved, London, 1921, figs. 48, 72-78; P. Niggli and P. J. Beger, Gesteins-und mineralprovinzen. Band I. Einführung. Zielsetzung. Chemismus der Eruptivgestine, insbesondere der Lamprophyre, Berlin, 1923, figs. 6, 7, 9a; H. Rosenbusch and A. Osann, Elemente der Gesteinslehre, 4th edn, Stuttgart, 1923, plates I-III; P. Niggli, Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, I. Allgemeine Mineralogie, Berlin, 1924, figs. 143, 494-8, and Tabellen zur allgemeinen und speziellen Mineralogie, Berlin, 1927, part II, figs. 9, 19.
77. J. P. Iddings, Igneous Rocks. I. Composition, Texture and Classification, 2 vols., New York, 1909, i, fig. 3; A. Holmes, Petrographic Methods and Calculations with some Examples of Results Achieved, London, 1921, figs. 48, 72-78; P. Niggli and P. J. Beger, Gesteins-und mineralprovinzen. Band I. Einführung. Zielsetzung. Chemismus der Eruptivgestine, insbesondere der Lamprophyre, Berlin, 1923, figs. 6, 7, 9a; H. Rosenbusch and A. Osann, Elemente der Gesteinslehre, 4th edn, Stuttgart, 1923, plates I-III; P. Niggli, Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, I. Allgemeine Mineralogie, Berlin, 1924, figs. 143, 494-8, and Tabellen zur allgemeinen und speziellen Mineralogie, Berlin, 1927, part II, figs. 9, 19.
78. J. P. Iddings, Igneous Rocks. I. Composition, Texture and Classification, 2 vols., New York, 1909, i, fig. 3; A. Holmes, Petrographic Methods and Calculations with some Examples of Results Achieved, London, 1921, figs. 48, 72-78; P. Niggli and P. J. Beger, Gesteins-und mineralprovinzen. Band I. Einführung. Zielsetzung. Chemismus der Eruptivgestine, insbesondere der Lamprophyre, Berlin, 1923, figs. 6, 7, 9a; H. Rosenbusch and A. Osann, Elemente der Gesteinslehre, 4th edn, Stuttgart, 1923, plates I-III; P. Niggli, Lehrbuch der Mineralogie, I. Allgemeine Mineralogie, Berlin, 1924, figs. 143, 494-8, and Tabellen zur allgemeinen und speziellen Mineralogie, Berlin, 1927, part II, figs. 9, 19.
79. H. Rollinson, Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation, Harlow, 1993.
80. L. R. Richard, Minpet Mineralogical and Petrological Data Processing System, vers. 2.0, Minpet Geological Software, Quebec, 1994.
81. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
82. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
83. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
84. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
85. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
86. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
87. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
88. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
89. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
90. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
91. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
92. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
93. J. W. Mead, 'Occurrence and origin of the bauxite deposits of Arkansas', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 28-54, and fig. 7; S. I. Tomkeieff, 'Clay minerals and bauxitic minerals. A review and classification based on a statistical method', Mineralogical Magazine (1934), 23, 463-81, and figs. 1, 2, 7; W. C. Krumbein and F. J. Pettijohn, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography, New York and London, 1938; J. M. Trefethen, 'Classification of sediments', American Journal of Science (1950), 248, 55-62; R. L. Folk, 'The distinction between grain size and mineral composition in sedimentary rock nomenclature', Journal of Geology (1954), 62, 334-59; F. P. Shepard, 'Nomenclature based on sand-silt-clay ratios', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1954), 24, 151-8; R. L. Folk, 'Practical petrographic classification of limestones', Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (1959), 43, 1-38; R. H. Dott, 'Wacke, graywacke and matrix - what approach to immature sandstone classification?', Journal of Sedimentary Petrology (1964), 34, 625-32; G. W. Robinson, Soils, Their Origin Constitution and Classification, 3rd edn, London, 1949; B. W. Avery, 'Soil classification in the soil survey of England and Wales', Journal of Soil Science (1973), 24, 324-38; E. A. FitzPatrick, Soils. Their Formation, Classification and Distribution, Harlow, 1983; E. T. Hodge, 'The composition of waters in mines of sulphide ores', Economic Geology (1915), 10, 123-39; A. M. Piper, 'Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses', Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (1944), 25, 914-28.
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