Quality and antiquality components

Clover Science and Technology

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 309-324

  Essig, H W ^a  

^a MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal performance; Antiquality components; Chemical composition; Forage quality; Pastures; Ruminant livestock production; Voluntary intake

Indexed keywords

EID: 0008804749     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.2134/agronmonogr25.c11     Document Type: Chapter

References (96)

1. Austin, A. R., and K. Aston. 1979. The effect of phyto-estrogens on fertility in heifers. UK Grassl. Res. Inst. Annu. Rep. 1978. p. 94.
2. Barnes, R. F. 1973. Laboratory methods of evaluating feeding value of herbage, p. 179-210. In G. W. Butler and R. W. Bailey (ed.) Chemistry and biochemistry of herbage, Vol. 3. Academic Press, New York.
3. Barnes, R. F., and D. L. Gustine. 1973. Allelochemistry and forage crops, p. 1-13. In Anti-quality components of forages. A. G. Matches (ed.) CSSA Special Pub. No. 4. Crop Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
4. Barrentine, B. F., C. B. Shawver, and L. W. Williams. 1954. Bloat studies and observations. J. Anim. Sci. 13: 1006 (Abstr.).
5. Barrentine, B. F., C. B. Shawver, and L. W. Williams. 1956a. Antibiotics for prevention of bloat in cattle grazing ladino clover. J. Anim. Sci. 15: 440.
6. Barrentine, B. F., C. B. Shawver, and L. W. Williams. 1956b. Experimental bloat studies. Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf. for Feed Manufacturers. 8-9 Nov. 1956. Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. p. 16-23.
7. Barrentine, B. F., C. B. Shawver, and L. W. Williams. 1958. Comparison of penicillin with other antibiotics for bloat prevention. Mississippi Agric. Exp. Stn. I.S. 596.
8. Bartley, E. E. 1965. Bloat in cattle. VI. Prevention of legume bloat with a nonionic surfactant. J. Dairy Sci. 48: 102.
9. Baumgardt, B. R. 1970. Regulation of feed intake and energy balance, p. 235-253. In A. T. Phillipson (ed.) Physiology of digestion and metabolism in the ruminant. Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. (Cambridge, England).
10. Bennetts, H. W. 1944. Two sheep problems on subterranean clover dominant pasture. 1. Lambing trouble (dystokia) in Merinos. 2. Prolapse of the womb, (inversion of the uterus). W. Aust. Dep. Agric. J. 21: 104-109.
11. Bickoff, E. M., G. M. Loper, C. H. Hanson, J. H. Grahman, S. C. Witt, and R. R. Spencer. 1967. Effect of common leafspot on coumestans and flavones in alfalfa. Crop Sci. 7: 259.
12. Blaxter, K. C, F. W. Wainman, and R. S. Wilson. 1961. The regulation of food intake by sheep. Anim. Prod. 3: 51.
13. Brambell, F. W. R. 1965. Report of technical committee to inquire into the welfare of animals kept under intensive livestock husbandry systems. Her Magesty’s Stationary Office, London.
14. Burnside, J. E. 1953. Photosensitization in cattle, a case report. Ga. Vet. 5(4): 10.
15. Cole, H. H., C. F. Huffman, Max Kleiber, T. M. Olson, and A. F. Schalk. 1945. A review of bloat in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 4: 183.
16. Colvin, H. W., Jr., P. T. Cupps, and C. R. Thompson. 1955. The effect of alfalfa saponin on rumen activity in sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 38: 606 (Abstr.).
17. Conrad, H. R. 1966. Symposium on factors influencing the voluntary intake of herbage by ruminants: Physiological and physical factors limiting feed intake. J. Anim. Sci. 25: 227.
18. Cook, C. W., J. L. Thorne, J. T. Blake, and J. Edlefsen. 1958. Use of an oesophageal fistula cannula for collecting forage samples by grazing sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 17: 189.
19. Cooper, J. P. 1973. Genetic variation in herbage constituents, p. 379-417. In G. W. Butler and R. W. Baily (ed.) Chemistry and biochemistry of herbage. Academic Press, New York.
20. Corkill, L. 1952. Cyanogenesis in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. (Sect. A) 34: 1.
21. Crampton, E. W., E. W. Donefer, and L. E. Lloyd. 1960. A nutritive value index for forages. J. Anim. Sci. 19: 538.
22. Crump, M. H. 1973. Slaframine (slobber factor) toxicosis. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 163: 1300.
23. Curnow, D. H., T. J. Robinson, and E. J. Underwood. 1948. Oestrogenic action of extracts of subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L. var. Dwalganup). Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 26: 171.
24. Davis, J. D., and H. Essig. 1972. Comparison of three bloat preventing compounds for cattle grazing clover. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 52: 329.
25. Dickson, I. A., J. Frame, N. S. M. Macleod, and M. Kelly. 1977. The effect of short-term grazing of red clover on ewes at mating. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 32: 135.
26. Donnelly, E. D. 1954. Some factors that affect palatability in sericea lespedeza, L. cuneata. Agron. J. 46: 96.
27. Donnelly, E. D., and W. B. Anthony. 1970. Effect of genotype and tannin on dry matter digestibility in sericea lespedeza. Crop Sci. 10: 200.
28. Essig, H. W. 1966. Pilot study on the use of virginiamycin for ladino clover bloat control in beef cattle. Mississippi State Univ. Livestock Field Day Rep. 17 June. p. 23.
29. Essig, H. W., C. E. Rogillio, Fay Hagan, and W. J. Drapala. 1972. Organic acid, hydrogen ion concentration and buffering capacity of rumen concentration and buffering capacity of rumen content from bloated and nonbloated steers given different medicants. J. Anim. Sci. 34: 653.
30. Essig, H. W., C. E. Rogillio, Fay Hagan, and W. J. Drapala, and C. B. Shawver. 1966. Terramycin and dimethylpolysiloxane in molasses blocks for ladino clover bloat control. Mississippi State Univ. Livestock Field Day Rep. 17 June, p. 12.
31. Essig, H. W., C. E. Rogillio, Fay Hagan, and W. J. Drapala, and C. B. Shawver. 1968. Methods of administration of poloxalene for control of bloat in beef cattle grazing ladino clover. J. Anim. Sci. 27: 1669.
32. Essig, H. W., C. E. Rogillio, Fay Hagan, and W. J. Drapala, and C. B. Shawver, and L. W. Williams. 1962a. Combination of antibiotics for bloat prevention in steers grazing ladino clover. Mississippi Agric. Exp. Stn. I.S. 763.
33. Essig, H. W., C. E. Rogillio, Fay Hagan, and W. J. Drapala, and C. B. Shawver, and L. W. Williams. 1962b. Dynafac for control of bloat of steers on pasture and in feedlot. Mississippi Agric. Exp. Stn. I.S. 744.
34. Essig, H. W., C. E. Rogillio, Fay Hagan, and W. J. Drapala, and C. B. Shawver, and L. W. Williams, and B. F. Barrentine. 1964. Saponin content of forages and rumen contents as related to bloat. Annual Livestock Field Day Rep. Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS. p. 29-35.
35. Fincher, M. G., and H. K. Fuller. 1942. Case report, photosensitization-Trifoliosis-light sensitization. Cornell Vet. 32: 95.
36. Foote, L. E., J. E. Johnston, J. Rainey, R. E. Girovard, Jr., W. H. Willis, and P. B. Brown. 1967. The use of poloxalene in grain pellets and Sweetlix® bloat guard blocks in preventing clover bloat in cattle, p. 71-94. In Symp. Proc. New Horizons in Legume Bloat Control. 12 Apr. 1967, A. E. Staley Mfg. Co., Schiller Park, IL.
37. Fribourg, H. A., J. B. McLaren, K. M. Barth, J. M. Bryan, and J. T. Connell. 1979. Productivity and quality of bermudagrass and orchardgrass-Ladino clover pastures for beef steers. Agron. J. 72: 315.
38. Goering, H. K., and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analysis (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). USDA-ARS Agric. Handb. 379.
39. Grunes, D. L. 1967. Grass tetany of cattle as affected by plant composition and organic acids. Proc. 1967 Cornell Nutr. Conf. Feed Mfr. 24-26 Oct. 1967, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. p. 105-110.
40. Grunes, D. L., P. R. Stout, and J. R. Brownell. 1970. Grass tetany of ruminants. Adv. Agron. 22: 331.
41. Guengerich, F. P., J. J. Snyder, and H. S. Broquist. 1973. Biosynthesis of slaframine, (IS, 6S, 8aS)-l-acetoxy-6-aminooctahydroindolizine, a parasympathomimetic alkaloid of fungal origin. I. Pipecolic acid and slaframine biogenesis. Biochemistry 12: 4264.
42. Hagler, W. M., and R. F. Behlow. 1981. Salivary syndrome in horses: Identification of slaframine in red clover hay. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42: 1067.
43. Hansen, A. A. 1928. Trifoliosis and similar stock diseases. N. Am. Vet. 9(8): 34.
44. Harris, H. B. 1969. Bird resistance in grain sorghum. Annu. Corn Sorghum Res. Conf. Proc. 24: 113.
45. Henrici, Marguerite. 1952. Comparative study of the content of starch and sugars of Tribulus terrestris, Lucerne, some gramineae and Pentizia incana under different meterological, edaphic and physiological conditions. II Carbohydrate nutrition. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 25: 45.
46. Hogg, P. G., and B. F. Barrentine. 1951. Delta bloat studies indicate grass as the answer. Mississippi Agric. Exp. Stn. I.S. 420.
47. Hungate, R. E., D. W. Fletcher, R. W. Dougherty, and B. F. Barrentine. 1955. Microbial activity in the bovine rumen: Its measurements and relations to bloat. Appl. Microbiol. 3: 161.
48. Jacobson, C. A. 1919. Alfalfa saponin VII. Alfalfa investigations. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 41: 640.
49. Jones, R. 1979. The destruction of beta glucosidase activity by over drying and its effects on formononetin estimation in red clover. J. Sci. Food Agric. 30: 243.
50. Kendall, W. A. 1966. Factors affecting foams with forage legumes. Crop Sci. 6: 487.
51. Kelly, R. W., R. J. M. Hay, and G. H. Shackell. 1979. Formononetin content of grassland-Pawera red clover Trifolium-pratense and its estrogenic activity to sheep. N.Z. J. Exp. Agric. 7: 131.
52. Kelly, R. W., R. J. M. Hay, G. H. Shackell, and A. J. Allison. 1980. Reproductive performance of ewes grazing red clover Trifolium-pratense cultivar Grasslands-Pawera or white clover Trifolium-repens grass pasture at mating. N.Z. J. Exp. Agric. 8: 87.
53. Knott, J. C, R. E. Hodgson, and E. V. Ellington. 1934. Methods of measuring pasture yields with dairy cattle. Washington Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 295.
54. Laby, R. H. 1973. The anti-bloat capsule and detergents for bloat control, p. 81-83. In R. A. Leng and J. R. McWilliams (ed.) Bloat. Proceedings of symposium, Univ. of New England, Armidale, N.S.W. Australia.
55. Leng, R. A. 1973. Ruminal fermentation and bloat: The possible role of protozoa in the development of bloat, p. 57-62. In R. A. Leng and J. R. McWilliams (ed.) Bloat. Proceedings of symposium. Univ. of New England, Armidale, N.S.W., Australia.
56. Lindahl, I. L., A. C. Cook, R. E. Davis, and W. D. Maclay. 1954. Preliminary investigations on the role of alfalfa saponin in rumen bloat. Science 119: 175.
57. Lindahl, I. L., A. C. Cook, R. E. Davis, R. T. Tertell, G. E. Whitmore, W. T. Shalkop, R. W. Dougherty, C. R. Thompson, G. R. Van Atta, E. M. Wilson, M. B. Sideman, and F. DeEds. 1957. Alfalfa saponins. USDA Tech. Bull. 1161.
58. Loewer, O. J., Jr., E. M. Smith, G. T. Benock, T. C. Bridges, N. Gay, L. G. Wells, S. Burgess, L. Springate, and D. Debertin. 1978. A simulation model for assessing alternate strategies of beef production with land, energy and economic constraints. Paper No. 78-5025 Presented at ASAE Summer meeting, Logan, UT.
59. Loewer, O. J., Jr., E. M. Smith, G. T. Benock, T. C. Bridges, N. Gay, T. C. Bridges, and L. G. Wells. 1980. Dynamic simulation of animal growth and reproduction. Trans. ASAE. 23: 131-138.
60. Marten, G. C, and R. F. Barnes. 1979. Prediction of energy digestion of forages with in vitro rumen fermentation and fungal enzyme systems, p. 61-71. In W. J. Pigden, C. C. Balch, and M. Graham (ed.) Standardization of the analytical methodology for feeds. Int. Devel. Res. Centre, Ottawa, Canada. Rep. IDRC-134e.
61. McCandlish, A. C. 1937. Haven or bloat in dairy cattle. XI. Milchwirtsch. Weltkong (Berlin) 1: 410.
62. Melville, J., and B. W. Doak. 1940. Cyanogenesis in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) 1. Isolation of the glucosidal constituents. N.Z. J. Sci. Technol. 22B: 65.
63. Mendoza, O. A. 1981. Evaluation of seasonal productivity of forages and derivation of equations for predicting DE intake in beef steers. Ph.D. Dissertation. (Dissert. Abstr. 82: 10083). Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.
64. Mendoza, O. A., H. W. Essig, and V. H. Watson. 1980. Seasonal evaluation of the productivity of forages through animal utilization, p. 33. In Forage Grassl. Conf. Proc. 11-13 Feb. 1980, Louisville, KY. Am. Forage and Grassland Council, Lexington, KY.
65. Metson, A. J., W. M. H. Saunders, T. W. Collie, and V. W. Graham. 1966. Chemical composition of pastures in relation to grass tetany in beef breeding cows. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 9: 410.
66. Milford, R., and D. J. Minson. 1966. Intake of tropical pasture species. Int. Grassl. Congr., Proc. 9th (Sao Paulo, Brazil), p. 815-822.
67. Minson, D. J. 1971. The nutritive value of tropical pastures. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 37: 255.
68. Monson, W. G., R. S. Lowery, and I. Forbes, Jr. 1969. In vivo nylon bag vs two stage in vitro digestion: Comparison of two techniques for estimating dry matter digestibility of forages. Agron. J. 61: 587-589.
69. Morgan, H. A., and M. Jacob. 1905. Alsike clover; ill effect sometimes produced on horses and mules pastured exclusively upon alsike. Tennessee Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 18(3): 1.
70. NRC. 1972. Atlas of nutritional data on United States and Canadian feeds. Subcommittee on Feed Composition. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, DC.
71. NRC. Environmental Physiology Subcommittee. 1971. Biochemical interactions among plants. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
72. NRC. Environmental Physiology Subcommittee. 1976. Nutrient requirements of domestic animals, No. 4. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Fifth Rev. ed. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, DC.
73. O’Dell, B. L. 1959. A study of the toxic principle in red clover. Missouri Agric. Exp. Stn., Res. Bull. 702.
74. Olson, T. M. 1944. Bloat in dairy cattle. South Dakota Agric. Exp. Stn. Circ. 52.
75. Pammell, L. H. 1920. Alsike clover poisoning. Am. J. Vet. Med. 15: 437.
76. Payne, J. M., S. M. Dew, R. Manston, and M. J. Vagg. 1970. p. 584-598. In A. T. Phillipson (ed.) Physiology of digestion and metabolism in the ruminant. Oriel Press, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
77. Petersen, R. G., and H. L. Lucas, Jr. 1968. Computing methods for the evaluation of pastures by means of animal response. Agron. J. 60: 682.
78. Petritz, D. C, V. L. Lechtenburg, and W. H. Smith. 1980. Performance and economic returns of beef cows and calves grazing grass legume herbage. Agron. J. 72: 581.
79. Quin, J. I. 1943. Studies on the alimentary tract of Merino sheep in South Africa. VIII. The pathogenesis of acute tympanites (bloat). Onderstepoort J. Vet. Sci. Animal Ind. 18: 113.
80. Rayburn, E. B., R. E. Blazer, and J. P. Fontenot. 1981. In vivo quality of tall fescue Festuca-Arundinacea as influenced by season, legumes, age and canopy strata. Agron. J. 72: 872.
81. Reid, J. T. 1961. Problems of feed evaluation related to feeding of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 44: 2122.
82. Rogalski, M. 1977. Behaviour of animals on pasture. Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej Poznaniu. Rozprawy Naukowe No. 78.
83. Schneider, B. H., and N. P. Flatt. 1975. The evaluation of feeds through digestibility experiments. The Univ. of Georgia Press, Athens, p. 331-338.
84. Schofield, F. W. 1933. Liver disease of horses (big liver) caused by the feeding of alsike clover. Ontario Vet. Coll., Circ. 52.
85. Smith, E. M., O. J. Loewer, Jr., G. T. Benock, T. C. Bridges, L. G. Wells, N. Gay, and G. Bradford. 1980. A simulation model for assessing alternative strategies of beef production with land, energy, and economic constraints, p. 87-111. In Proc. Forage Grassl. Counc. Conf., Louisville, KY. 11-13 Feb. 1980. Am. Forage Grassland Council, Lexington, KY.
86. Stewart, I. I., and F. E. Bear. 1951. Ladino clover. Its mineral requirements and chemical composition. N. J. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 759.
87. Stockdale, C. R., K. R. King, and I. F. Patterson. 1980. Effect of bloat on the milk production and grazing time of dairy cows. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 20: 265.
88. Strieker, J. A., A. G. Matches, G. B. Thompson, V. E. Jacobs, F. A. Martz, H. N. Wheaton, H. D. Currence, and G. F. Krause. 1979. Cow-calf production on tall fescue-ladino clover pastures with and without nitrogen fertilization or creep feeding: spring calves. J. Anim. Sci. 48: 13.
89. Torell, D. T. 1954. An oesophageal fistula for animal nutrition studies. J. Anim. Sci. 13: 878.
90. Tilley, I. H. A., and R. A. Terry. 1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 18: 104.
91. Turner, M. A., V. E. Neal, and G. F. Wilson. 1978. Survey of magnesium content of soils and pastures and incidence of grass tetany in three selected areas of taranaki. N.Z. J. Agric. Res. 21: 583.
92. Ulyatt, M. J. 1973. The feeding value of herbage, p. 131-174. In G. W. Butler and R. W. Bailey (ed.) Chemistry and biochemistry of herbage. Vol. 3. Academic Press, New York.
93. USDA. 1965. Losses in agriculture. Agric. Handb. 291. ARS-USDA, Washington, DC.
94. Van Soest, P. J. 1964. Symposium on nutrition and forages and pastures: New chemical procedures for evaluating forages. J. Anim. Sci. 23: 838.
95. Van Soest, P. J., and J. B. Robertson. 1979. Systems of analysis for evaluating fibrous feeds, p. 49-60. In W. J. Pigden, C. C. Balch, and M. Graham (ed.) Standardization of analytical methodology for feeds. Int. Devel. Res. Centre, Ottawa, Canada.
96. Williams, Mary. 1967. Clover boosts calf production. Sunshine State Agric. Res. Dep. July, p. 3-6.