Optical heterodyne imaging and Wigner phase space distributions

Optics Letters

Volumn 21, Issue 18, 1996, Pages 1427-1429

  Wax, A ^a   Thomas, J E ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0008775537     PISSN: 01469592     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OL.21.001427     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. E. P. Wigner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 749 (1932).
2. M. Hillery, R. F. O'Connel, M. O. Scully, and E. P. Wigner, Phys. Rep. 106, 121 (1984).
3. D. F. McAlister, M. Beck, L. Clarke, A. Mayer, and M. G. Raymer, Opt. Lett. 20, 1181 (1995).
4. M. G. Raymer, C. Cheng, D. M. Toloudis, M. Anderson, and M. Beck, in Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1996), pp. 236-238.
5. S. John, G. Pang, and Y. Yang, Proc. SPIE 2389, 64 (1995).
6. See, for example, V. J. Corcoran, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1819 (1965); A. E. Siegman, Appl. Opt. 5, 1588 (1966); S. Cohen, Appl. Opt. 14, 1953 (1975); A. Migdall, B. Roop, Y. C. Zheng, J. E. Hardis, and G. J. Xia, Appl. Opt. 29, 5136 (1990).
7. See, for example, V. J. Corcoran, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1819 (1965); A. E. Siegman, Appl. Opt. 5, 1588 (1966); S. Cohen, Appl. Opt. 14, 1953 (1975); A. Migdall, B. Roop, Y. C. Zheng, J. E. Hardis, and G. J. Xia, Appl. Opt. 29, 5136 (1990).
8. See, for example, V. J. Corcoran, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1819 (1965); A. E. Siegman, Appl. Opt. 5, 1588 (1966); S. Cohen, Appl. Opt. 14, 1953 (1975); A. Migdall, B. Roop, Y. C. Zheng, J. E. Hardis, and G. J. Xia, Appl. Opt. 29, 5136 (1990).
9. See, for example, V. J. Corcoran, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1819 (1965); A. E. Siegman, Appl. Opt. 5, 1588 (1966); S. Cohen, Appl. Opt. 14, 1953 (1975); A. Migdall, B. Roop, Y. C. Zheng, J. E. Hardis, and G. J. Xia, Appl. Opt. 29, 5136 (1990).
10. Recent heterodyne studies in turbid media include K. P. Chan, M. Yamada, B. Devaraj, and H. Inaba, Opt. Lett. 20, 492 (1995); M. Toida, M. Kondo, T. Ichimura, and H. Inaba, Appl. Phys. B 52, 391 (1991).
11. Recent heterodyne studies in turbid media include K. P. Chan, M. Yamada, B. Devaraj, and H. Inaba, Opt. Lett. 20, 492 (1995); M. Toida, M. Kondo, T. Ichimura, and H. Inaba, Appl. Phys. B 52, 391 (1991).
12. The mean-square beat is positive definite and takes the form of a smoothed Wigner distribution. See N. D. Cartwright, Physica 83A, 210 (1976).
13. H. P. Yuen and V. W. S. Chan, Opt. Lett. 8, 177 (1983).
14. This method has been used in light beating spectroscopy; see H. Z. Cummins and H. L. Swinney, in Progress in Optics, E. Wolf, ed. (North-Holland, New York, 1970), Vol. VIII, Chap. 3, pp. 133-200.
15. This method has been used by G. L. Abbas, V. W. S. Chan, and T. K. Yee, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 3, 1110 (1985).
16. A. Yariv, Introduction to Optical Electronics (Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, New York, 1976), Chap. 3, p. 35.
17. A. Wax and J. E. Thomas, in Advances in Optical Imaging and Photon Migration (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1996), pp. 238-242.
18. The magnitude of the mean beat amplitude (rather than the mean square) is usually measured in this case. See, for example, J. A. Izatt, H. R. Hee, G. M. Owen, E. A. Swanson, and J. G. Fujimoto, Opt. Lett. 19, 590 (1994).