The reliability and validity of a 6-minute walk test as a measure of physical endurance in older adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 363-375

  Rikli, Roberta E ^a   Jones, C Jessie ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Aerobic fitness; Aging; Functional performance

Indexed keywords

EID: 0008771196     PISSN: 10638652     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/japa.6.4.363     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). (1991). Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
2. American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). (1995). ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription (5th ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Williams.
3. American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). (1997). Exercise management for persons with chronic diseases and disabilities. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
4. Ainsworth, B.E., Montoye, H.J., & Leon, A.S. (1994). Methods of assessing physical activity during leisure and work. In C. Bouchard, R.J. Shephard, & T. Stephens (Eds.), Physical activity, fitness, and health (pp. 146-159). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
5. Ainsworth, B.E., Richardson, M.T., Jacobs, D.R., & Leon, A.S. (1992). Prediction of cardiorespiratory fitness using physical activity questionnaire data. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 63(Suppl.), A-20.
6. Baumgartner, T.A., & Jackson, A.S. (1995). Measurement for evaluation in physical education and exercise science. Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark.
7. Bittner, V., Weiner, D.H., Yusuf, S., Rogers, W.J., McIntyre, K.M., Bangdiwala, S.I., Kronenberg, M.W., Kostis, J.B., Kohn, R.M., Guillotte, M., Greenberg, B., Woods, P.A., & Bourassa, M.G. (1993). Prediction of mortality and morbidity with a 6-minute walk test in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 1702-1707.
8. Borg, G.A.V. (1970). Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scandinavian Journal of Reliabilitative Medicine, 2, 92-98.
9. Bravo, G., Gauthier, P., Roy, P., Tessier, D., Gaulin, P., Dubois, M., & Peloquin, L. (1994). The functional fitness assessment battery: Reliability and validity data for elderly women. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 2, 67-79.
10. Butland, R.J.A., Pang, J., Gross, E.R., Woodcock, A.A., & Geddes, D.M. (1982). Two-, 6-, and 12-minute walking tests in respiratory disease patients. British Medical Journal, 284, 1607-1608.
11. Fenstermaker, K.L., Plowman, S.A., & Looney, M.A. (1992). Validation of the Rockport Fitness Walking Test in females 65 years and older. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 63, 322-327.
12. Fitts, S.S., & Guthrie, M.R. (1995). Six-minute walk by people with chronic renal failure. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 74, 54-58.
13. Godin, G., Jobin, J., & Bouillon, J. (1986). Assessment of leisure time exercise behavior by self-report: A concurrent validity study. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 77, 359-361.
14. Guyatt, G.H., Sullivan, M.J., Thompson, P.J., Fallen, E.I., Pugsley, S.O., Taylor, D.W., & Berman, L.B. (1985a). The 6-minute walk: A new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 132, 919-923.
15. Guyatt, G.H., Thompson, P.J., Berman, L.B., Sullivan, M.J., Townsend, M., Jones, N.L., & Pugsley, S.O. (1985b). How should we measure function in patients with chronic heart and lung disease. Journal of Chronic Disabilities, 38, 517-524.
16. Jackson, A.S., Beard, E.F., Wier, L.T., Ross, R.M., Stuteville, J.E., & Blair, S.N. (1995). Changes in aerobic power of men, ages 25-70 years. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27, 113-120.
17. Jackson, A.S., Wier, L.T., Ayers, G.W., Beard, E.F., Stuteville, J.E., & Blair, S.N. (1996). Changes in aerobic power of women, ages 20-64 yr. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28, 884-891.
18. 2max from a one-mile track walk, gender, age, and body weight. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 19, 253-259.
19. Knox, A.J., Morrison, J.F., & Muers, M.F. (1988). Reproducibility of walking test results in chronic obstructive airways disease. Thorax, 43, 388-392.
20. Morrow, J.R., Jackson, A.W., Disch, J.G., & Mood, D.P. (1995). Measurement and evaluation in human performance. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
21. National Center for Health Statistics. (1991). National Health Interview Survey 1991 (10): Vital Health Statistics. Washington, DC: National Center for Health Statistics
22. Osness, W.H., Adrian, M., Clark, B., Hoeger, W., Rabb, D., & Wiswell, R. (1996). Functional fitness assessment for adults over 60 years. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
23. Paffenbarger, R.S.J., Blair, S.N., Lee, I-M., & Hyde, R.T. (1993). Measurement of physical activity to assess health effects in free-living populations. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25, 60-70.
24. 2peak in elderly subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 6, 36-44.
25. Reuben, D.D., Siu, A.L., & Kimpau, S. (1992). The predictive validity of self-report and performance-based measures of function and health. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 47, 106-110.
26. Rikli, R.E., & Jones, C.J. (1997). Assessing physical performance in independent older adults: Issues and guidelines. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 5, 244-261.
27. Rosow, I., & Breslau, N. (1966). A Guttman Health Scale for the aged. Journal of Gerontology, 21, 556-559.
28. Safrit, M.J., & Wood, T.M. (1995). Introduction to measurement in physical education and exercise science. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book.
29. Schectman, K.B., Barzilai, B., Rost, K., & Fisher, E.B., Jr. (1991). Measuring physical activity with a single question. American Journal of Public Health, 81, 771-773.
30. Select Committee on Aging. (1992). Aging research: Benefits outweigh the costs (Publ. No. 102-871). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
31. Shephard, R.J. ( 1997). Aging, physical activity, and health. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
32. Siconolfi, S.F., Lasater, T.M., Snow, R.C., & Carleton, R.A. (1985). Self-reported physical activity compared with maximal oxygen uptake. American Journal of Epidemiology, 122, 101-105.
33. Singh, S.J., Morgan, M.J., Scott, S., Walters, D., & Hardman, A. (1992). Development of a shuttle-walking test of disability in patients with chronic airways obstruction. Thorax, 47, 1019-1024.
34. Siu, A.L., Reuben, D.B., & Hays, R.D. (1990). Hierarchical measures of physical function in ambulatory geriatrics. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 38, 1113-1119.
35. Spirduso, W.W. (1995). Physical dimensions of aging. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
36. Steele, B. (1996). Timed walking tests of exercise capacity in chronic cardiopulmonary illness. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 16, 25-33.
37. Stillwell, K.M., Forman, D.E., McElwain, D., Simpson, C., & Garber, C.E. (1996). The 6 minute walk test for evaluation of functional capacity in elderly adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 28, S152.