Photodissociation followed by laser-induced fluorescence at atmospheric pressure and 24 °C: A unique scheme for remote detection of explosives

Applied Optics

Volumn 40, Issue 36, 2001, Pages 6677-6681

  Arusi Parpar, Talya ^a   Heflinger, Dov ^a   Lavi, Raphael ^a  

^a Soreq Nuclear Research Center   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; EXPLOSIVES; FLUORESCENCE; LASER BEAM EFFECTS; NITROGEN OXIDES; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO; THERMAL EFFECTS;

EXPLOSIVES DETECTION;

PHOTODISSOCIATION;

EID: 0008748471     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.40.006677     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. J. I. Steinfeld and J. Wormhoudt, “Explosive detection: a challenge for physical chemistry,” Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 49, 203-232 (1998).
2. K. W. D. Ledingham, “The use of lasers to detect strategic and environmentally sensitive materials,” Phys. Scr. T58,100-103 (1995).
3. P. Kolla, “Detecting hidden explosives,” Anal. Chem. 67, 184 -189 (1995).
4. J. Wormhoudt, J. H. Shorter, J. B. McManus, P. L. Kebabian, M. S. Zahniser, W. M. Davis, E. R. Cespedes, and C. E. Kolb, “Tunable infrared laser detection of pyrolysis products of explosives in soils,” Appl. Opt. 35, 3992-3997 (1996).
5. F. J. Effenberger and A. G. Mercado, “Explosive vapor detection via mid-infrared laser spectroscopy,” in Electro-Optical Technology for Remote Chemical Detection and Identification III, M. Fallahi and E. Howden, eds., Proc. SPIE 3383, 104-112 (1998).
6. I. R. Lewis, N. W. Daniel, Jr., and P. R. Griffiths, “Interpretation of Raman spectra of nitro-containing explosive materials. Part I: Group frequency and structural class membership,” Appl. Spectrosc. 51, 1854-1867 (1997).
7. B. D. Gilbert, J. Janni, D. Moss, R. W. Field, J. I. Steinfeld, K. Kneipp, Y. Wang, R. R. Dasari, and M. S. Feld, “Spectroscopic detection methods for explosive molecules and their fragmentations,” in Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Analysis and Detection of Explosives, C. A. Midkiff, ed. (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Washington, D.C., 1995).
8. D. Wu, J. P. Singh, F. Y. Yueh, and D. L. Monts, “2,4,6-trinitrotoluene detection by laser-photofragmentation-laser-induced fluorescence,” Appl. Opt. 35, 3998-4003 (1996).
9. G. M. Boudreaux, T. S. Miller, A. J. Kunefke, J. P. Singh, F. Y. Yueh, and D. L. Monts, “Development of a photofragmentation-laser-induced-fluorescence laser sensor for detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in soil and groundwater,” Appl. Opt. 38, 1411-1417 (1999).
10. 2 mixtures,” Appl. Opt. 39, 2487-2495 (2000).
11. 2 by (2+2) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization and photoacoustic spectroscopy near 454 nm,” Appl. Opt. 35, 4046-4052 (1996).
12. V. Swayambunathan, R. C. Sausa, and G. Singh, “Laser pho-tofragmentation/fragment detection and pyrolysis/laser-induced fluorescence studies on energetic materials,” Appl. Opt. 38, 6447-6454 (1999).
13. N. Daugey, J. Shu, I. Bar, and S. Rosenwaks, “Nitrobenzene detection by one-color laser photolysis/laser induced fluorescence of NO (v" = 0-3),” Appl. Spectrosc. 53, 57-64 (1999).
14. J. Shu, I. Bar, and S. Rosenwaks, “Dinitrobenzene detection by use of one-color laser photolysis and laser-induced fluorescence of vibrationally excited NO,” Appl. Opt. 38, 4705-4710 (1999).
15. J. Shu, I. Bar, and S. Rosenwaks, “The use of rovibrationally excited NO photofragments as trace nitrocompounds indicators,” Appl. Phys. B 70, 621-625 (2000).
16. J. Shu, I. Bar, and S. Rosenwaks, “NO and PO photofragments as trace analyte indicators of nitrocompounds and organophos-phonates,” Appl. Phys. B 71, 665-672 (2000).
17. 2X+ NO between 215 and 300 K,” J. Chem. Phys. 102, 7418-7424 (1995).
18. D. B. Galloway, J. A. Bartz, L. G. Huey, and F. F. Crim, “Pathways and kinetic energy disposal in the photodissociation of nitrobenzene,” J. Chem. Phys. 99, 2107-2114 (1993).
19. R. M. Measures, Laser Remote Sensing (Krieger, Malabar, Fla., 1984).
20. A. D. Usachev, T. S. Miller, J. P. Singh, F.-U. Yueh, P.-R. Jang, and D. L. Monts, “Optical properties of gaseous 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in the ultraviolet region,” Appl. Spectrosc. 55, 125-129 (2001).
21. 2n systems of nitric oxide,” J. Chem. Phys. 111, 7405-7415 (1999).
22. J. P. Davies, L. G. Blackwood, S. G. Davis, L. D. Goodrich, and R. A. Larson, “Design and calibration of pulsed vapor generators for TNT RDX and PETN,” in Advances in Analysis and Detection of Explosives, J. Yinon, ed. (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1993), pp. 513-532.
23. T. A. Griffy, “A model of explosive vapor concentration II,” in Advances in Analysis and Detection ofExplosives, J. Yinon, ed. (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1993), pp. 503-511.
24. E. Bender, A. Hogan, D. Leggett, G. Miskolczy, and S. MacDonald, “Surface contamination by TNT,” J. Forensic Sci. 37, 1673-1678 (1992).
25. R. A. Crane, “Laser optoacoustic absorption spectra for various explosive vapors,” Appl. Opt. 17, 2097-2102 (1978).