Color and nighttime pedestrian safety markings

Color Research and Application

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 305-309

  Venable, W H ^a   Hale, W N ^b  

^a Dept of Optical Radiation Transfer ^*  (United States)

^b Hale Color Consultants Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Brightness to luminance ratio (B L); Color difference; Conspicuity; Retroreflector; Uniform color space (UCS)

Indexed keywords

EID: 0008618885     PISSN: 03612317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6378(199608)21:4<305::AID-COL5>3.0.CO;2-U     Document Type: Article

References (8)

1. ASTM Standard E 1501. Standard Specification for Nighttime Performance of Retroreflective Pedestrian Markings for Visibility Enhancement. 1992.
2. P. L. Olson, Minimum requirements for adequate nighttime conspicuity of highway signs. Report No. UMTRI-88-8, The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1988.
3. R. S. Hunter and R. W. Harold, The Measurement of Appearance, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987, p. 152.
4. Colorimetry. 2nd Ed., CIE Publ. No, 15.2, International Commission on Illumination. Vienna, 1986, p. 29.
5. Ibid., 30.
6. Y. Nayatani, Y. Umemura, H. Sobagaki, K. Takaham, and K. Hashimoto, Lightness perception of chromatic object colors. Color Res. Appl. 16, 16-25 (1991).
7. C. Ware and W. B. Cowan. Specification of heterochromatic brightness matches: a conversion factor for calculating luminances of stimuli which are equal in brightness. National Research Council of Canada Technical Report. Ottawa. Ontario. Canada, 1984.
8. Robert L. Booker, Luminance-brightness comparisons of separated circular stimuli. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 71, 139-144 (1981).