Western perceptions of Turkish towns in the Balkans

Urban History

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 211-230

  Jezernik, Božidar ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA   (Slovenia)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0008532191     PISSN: 09639268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S096392680000081X     Document Type: Review

References (148)

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33. Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 66-68.
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36. P.A. Rittih, Po Balkanam (St Petersburg, 1909), 19; R.G. Thomsett, A Trip through the Balkans (London, 1909), 66-7; A. Messner-Sporšić, Od Bukurešta do Ankare (Zagreb, 1937), 75.
37. P.A. Rittih, Po Balkanam (St Petersburg, 1909), 19; R.G. Thomsett, A Trip through the Balkans (London, 1909), 66-7; A. Messner-Sporšić, Od Bukurešta do Ankare (Zagreb, 1937), 75.
38. De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 200.
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41. H. Holland, Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia, &c. during the years 1812 and 1813 (London, 1815), 315-16; W.M. Leake, Researches in Greece (London, 1835), vol. III, 240-1; MA. Walker, Through Macedonia to the Albanian Lakes (London, 1864), 42; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 184; N.P. Kondakov, Makedonija (St Petersburg, 1909), 74, 113-20.
42. H. Holland, Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia, &c. during the years 1812 and 1813 (London, 1815), 315-16; W.M. Leake, Researches in Greece (London, 1835), vol. III, 240-1; MA. Walker, Through Macedonia to the Albanian Lakes (London, 1864), 42; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 184; N.P. Kondakov, Makedonija (St Petersburg, 1909), 74, 113-20.
43. H. Holland, Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia, &c. during the years 1812 and 1813 (London, 1815), 315-16; W.M. Leake, Researches in Greece (London, 1835), vol. III, 240-1; MA. Walker, Through Macedonia to the Albanian Lakes (London, 1864), 42; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 184; N.P. Kondakov, Makedonija (St Petersburg, 1909), 74, 113-20.
44. H. Holland, Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia, &c. during the years 1812 and 1813 (London, 1815), 315-16; W.M. Leake, Researches in Greece (London, 1835), vol. III, 240-1; MA. Walker, Through Macedonia to the Albanian Lakes (London, 1864), 42; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 184; N.P. Kondakov, Makedonija (St Petersburg, 1909), 74, 113-20.
45. Holland, Travels in the Ionian Isles, 314.
46. Leake, Researches in Greece, vol. III, 239.
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48. Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 184.
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51. Holland, Travels in the Ionian Isles, 412; W.M. Leake, The Topography of Athens (London, 1821), xcvi; T.S. Hughes, Travels in Greece and Albania (London, 1830), vol. I, 246; J. Stephens, Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland (Dublin, 1839), 41.
52. Holland, Travels in the Ionian Isles, 412; W.M. Leake, The Topography of Athens (London, 1821), xcvi; T.S. Hughes, Travels in Greece and Albania (London, 1830), vol. I, 246; J. Stephens, Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland (Dublin, 1839), 41.
53. Holland, Travels in the Ionian Isles, 412; W.M. Leake, The Topography of Athens (London, 1821), xcvi; T.S. Hughes, Travels in Greece and Albania (London, 1830), vol. I, 246; J. Stephens, Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland (Dublin, 1839), 41.
54. Holland, Travels in the Ionian Isles, 412; W.M. Leake, The Topography of Athens (London, 1821), xcvi; T.S. Hughes, Travels in Greece and Albania (London, 1830), vol. I, 246; J. Stephens, Incidents of Travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland (Dublin, 1839), 41.
55. Forbin, Travels in Greece, Turkey, and the Holy Land, in 1817-18 (London, 1820), 3.
56. F. de Chateaubriand, Travels in Greece, Palestine, Egypt, and Barbary, during the years 1806 and 1807 (London, 1812), vol. I, 186-7.
57. Mrs R. Barrington, Through Greece and Dalmatia (London, 1912), 84.
58. Pears, Turkey and its People, 203.
59. J. Fuller, Narrative of a Tour through some Parts of the Turkish Empire (London, 1829), 540-1.
60. P. Edmonds, The Land of the Eagle (London, 1927), 119.
61. E. Lear, Journals of a Landscape Painter in Albania, etc. (London, 1851), 23-5; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, 141; M.E. Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb (London, 1904), 17; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 350.
62. E. Lear, Journals of a Landscape Painter in Albania, etc. (London, 1851), 23-5; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, 141; M.E. Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb (London, 1904), 17; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 350.
63. E. Lear, Journals of a Landscape Painter in Albania, etc. (London, 1851), 23-5; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, 141; M.E. Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb (London, 1904), 17; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 350.
64. E. Lear, Journals of a Landscape Painter in Albania, etc. (London, 1851), 23-5; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, 141; M.E. Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb (London, 1904), 17; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 350.
65. W.R Wingfield, A tour in Dalmatia, Albania, and Montenegro with an historical sketch of the Republic of Ragusa (London, 1859), 155.
66. Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 351.
67. B. Newman, Albanian Journey (London, 1938), 26.
68. Brown, A Bnef Account, 39; Hadži-Kalfa, O balkanskom poluostrvu, 65; Mundy, The Travels in Europe, 74.
69. Brown, A Bnef Account, 39; Hadži-Kalfa, O balkanskom poluostrvu, 65; Mundy, The Travels in Europe, 74.
70. Brown, A Bnef Account, 39; Hadži-Kalfa, O balkanskom poluostrvu, 65; Mundy, The Travels in Europe, 74.
71. W. Denton, Servia and the Servians (London, 1862), 45-6.
72. A.A. Paton, Servia, the Youngest Member of the European Family (London, 1845), 53-4; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 15-16; E.L.V. de Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula (London, 1887), 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 143; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 19; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 112-16; Fox, The Balkan Peninsula, 124-5; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 9.
73. A.A. Paton, Servia, the Youngest Member of the European Family (London, 1845), 53-4; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 15-16; E.L.V. de Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula (London, 1887), 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 143; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 19; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 112-16; Fox, The Balkan Peninsula, 124-5; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 9.
74. A.A. Paton, Servia, the Youngest Member of the European Family (London, 1845), 53-4; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 15-16; E.L.V. de Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula (London, 1887), 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 143; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 19; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 112-16; Fox, The Balkan Peninsula, 124-5; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 9.
75. A.A. Paton, Servia, the Youngest Member of the European Family (London, 1845), 53-4; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 15-16; E.L.V. de Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula (London, 1887), 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 143; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 19; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 112-16; Fox, The Balkan Peninsula, 124-5; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 9.
76. A.A. Paton, Servia, the Youngest Member of the European Family (London, 1845), 53-4; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 15-16; E.L.V. de Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula (London, 1887), 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 143; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 19; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 112-16; Fox, The Balkan Peninsula, 124-5; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 9.
77. A.A. Paton, Servia, the Youngest Member of the European Family (London, 1845), 53-4; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 15-16; E.L.V. de Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula (London, 1887), 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 143; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 19; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 112-16; Fox, The Balkan Peninsula, 124-5; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 9.
78. A.A. Paton, Servia, the Youngest Member of the European Family (London, 1845), 53-4; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 15-16; E.L.V. de Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula (London, 1887), 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 143; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 19; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 112-16; Fox, The Balkan Peninsula, 124-5; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 9.
79. A.A. Paton, Servia, the Youngest Member of the European Family (London, 1845), 53-4; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 15-16; E.L.V. de Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula (London, 1887), 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 143; Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 19; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 112-16; Fox, The Balkan Peninsula, 124-5; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 9.
80. Fraser, Pictures from the Balkans, 18-19.
81. W.Y. Morgan, The New East (Topeka, 1913), 68-9.
82. Fox, The Balkan Peninsula, 124-5.
83. Creagh, Over the Borders of Christendom and Eslamiah, 82, 96; Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula, 174; Vivian, Servia, 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 146.
84. Creagh, Over the Borders of Christendom and Eslamiah, 82, 96; Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula, 174; Vivian, Servia, 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 146.
85. Creagh, Over the Borders of Christendom and Eslamiah, 82, 96; Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula, 174; Vivian, Servia, 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 146.
86. Creagh, Over the Borders of Christendom and Eslamiah, 82, 96; Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula, 174; Vivian, Servia, 199-200; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 146.
87. F. Kanitz, Das Königreich Serbien und das Serbenvolk von der Römerzeit bis zur Gegenwart (Leipzig, 1904), vol. I, 40, 611.
88. J. Prelo, 'Paljevina beogradske džamije', Naši dani, 29 September 1989, 5.
89. G. Ellison, Yugoslavia (London, 1933), 82.
90. Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 175-7; Kanitz, Das Königreich Serbien, vol. II, 158; Vivian, The Servian Tragedy with some Impressions of Macedonia (London, 1904), 199.
91. Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 175-7; Kanitz, Das Königreich Serbien, vol. II, 158; Vivian, The Servian Tragedy with some Impressions of Macedonia (London, 1904), 199.
92. Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 175-7; Kanitz, Das Königreich Serbien, vol. II, 158; Vivian, The Servian Tragedy with some Impressions of Macedonia (London, 1904), 199.
93. Kanitz, Das Königreich Serbien, vol. I, 136, 507, 537; vol. II, 213, 235, 255.
94. Kanitz, Das Königreich Serbien, vol. I, 136, 507, 537; vol. II, 213, 235, 255.
95. Miller, Travels and Politics, 78; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 21; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 63; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 296-8; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 276.
96. Miller, Travels and Politics, 78; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 21; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 63; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 296-8; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 276.
97. Miller, Travels and Politics, 78; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 21; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 63; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 296-8; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 276.
98. Miller, Travels and Politics, 78; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 21; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 63; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 296-8; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 276.
99. Miller, Travels and Politics, 78; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 21; De Windt, Through Savage Europe, 63; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 296-8; Gordon, A Woman in the Balkans, 276.
100. A. Lyall, The Balkan Road (London, 1930), 168.
101. Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 51.
102. Brown, A Brief Account, 48.
103. Kondakov, Makedonija, 169.
104. Ellison, Yugoslavia, 91-2.
105. R. West, Black Lamb & Grey Falcon (London, 1977), 634.
106. J. de Asboth, An Official Tour through Bosnia and Herzegovina (London, 1890), 14.
107. P. Henderson, A British Officer in the Balkans (London, 1909), 93; A. Zavadil, Obra̧zky z Bosny (Prague, 1911), 22.
108. P. Henderson, A British Officer in the Balkans (London, 1909), 93; A. Zavadil, Obra̧zky z Bosny (Prague, 1911), 22.
109. Celebi, Putopis, 405.
110. V. Klaić, Bosna (Zagreb, 1878), 177-8; Asboth, An Official Tour, 383; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 30; I.F. Jukić, Putopisi i istorisko-etnografski radovi (Sarajevo, 1953), 83, 377.
111. V. Klaić, Bosna (Zagreb, 1878), 177-8; Asboth, An Official Tour, 383; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 30; I.F. Jukić, Putopisi i istorisko-etnografski radovi (Sarajevo, 1953), 83, 377.
112. V. Klaić, Bosna (Zagreb, 1878), 177-8; Asboth, An Official Tour, 383; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 30; I.F. Jukić, Putopisi i istorisko-etnografski radovi (Sarajevo, 1953), 83, 377.
113. V. Klaić, Bosna (Zagreb, 1878), 177-8; Asboth, An Official Tour, 383; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 30; I.F. Jukić, Putopisi i istorisko-etnografski radovi (Sarajevo, 1953), 83, 377.
114. Ellison, Yugoslavia, 264-5.
115. Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 31-2.
116. Laveleye, The Balkan Peninsula, 97.
117. Miller, Travels and Politics, 258.
118. J. Pahor, Hodil po zemlji sent naši... (Ljubljana, 1951), 126.
119. Ibid., 106, 180.
120. C. MacFarlane, Constantinople in 1828 (London, 1850), vol. I, 50-1; I. Kukuljević, Putovanje po Bosni (Zagreb, 1858), 31; S.L. Poole (ed.), The People of Turkey (London, 1878), vol. II, 53; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 280; L. Mihačević, Po Albaniji (Zagreb, 1911), 49.
121. C. MacFarlane, Constantinople in 1828 (London, 1850), vol. I, 50-1; I. Kukuljević, Putovanje po Bosni (Zagreb, 1858), 31; S.L. Poole (ed.), The People of Turkey (London, 1878), vol. II, 53; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 280; L. Mihačević, Po Albaniji (Zagreb, 1911), 49.
122. C. MacFarlane, Constantinople in 1828 (London, 1850), vol. I, 50-1; I. Kukuljević, Putovanje po Bosni (Zagreb, 1858), 31; S.L. Poole (ed.), The People of Turkey (London, 1878), vol. II, 53; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 280; L. Mihačević, Po Albaniji (Zagreb, 1911), 49.
123. C. MacFarlane, Constantinople in 1828 (London, 1850), vol. I, 50-1; I. Kukuljević, Putovanje po Bosni (Zagreb, 1858), 31; S.L. Poole (ed.), The People of Turkey (London, 1878), vol. II, 53; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 280; L. Mihačević, Po Albaniji (Zagreb, 1911), 49.
124. C. MacFarlane, Constantinople in 1828 (London, 1850), vol. I, 50-1; I. Kukuljević, Putovanje po Bosni (Zagreb, 1858), 31; S.L. Poole (ed.), The People of Turkey (London, 1878), vol. II, 53; Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 280; L. Mihačević, Po Albaniji (Zagreb, 1911), 49.
125. Thornton, Dead Puppets Dance, 272.
126. Fox, The Balkan Peninsula, 158.
127. R. Kabbani, Europe's Myths of Orient (London, 1986), 6.
128. A. Gil'ferding, Poezdka po Gercegovine. Bosnii i Staroj Serbii (St Petersburg, 1859), 311-12.
129. Creagh, Over the Borders of Christendom and Eslamiah, vol. I, 92.
130. H. Sandwith, Notes on the South Slavonic Countries in Austria and Turkey in Europe (Edinburgh, 1865), 38.
131. Durham, Through the Lands of the Serb, 318.
132. D. Tucović, Sabrana dela (Belgrade, 1975), vol. I, 64-71.
133. B. Ramberti, Libri tre delle cose de Turchi (Vinegia, 1539), 29.
134. Kanitz, Das Königreich Serbien, vol. I, 173; M.M. Holbach, Bosnia and Herzegovina (London, 1910), 226.
135. Kanitz, Das Königreich Serbien, vol. I, 173; M.M. Holbach, Bosnia and Herzegovina (London, 1910), 226.
136. Hobhouse, A Journey, 513; F.C. Pouqueville, Travels in the Morea, Albania, and Other Parts of the Ottoman Empire (London, 1820), 24; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 244; Mackenzie and A.P. Irby, Travels in Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe (London, 1877), vol. I, 11.
137. Hobhouse, A Journey, 513; F.C. Pouqueville, Travels in the Morea, Albania, and Other Parts of the Ottoman Empire (London, 1820), 24; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 244; Mackenzie and A.P. Irby, Travels in Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe (London, 1877), vol. I, 11.
138. Hobhouse, A Journey, 513; F.C. Pouqueville, Travels in the Morea, Albania, and Other Parts of the Ottoman Empire (London, 1820), 24; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 244; Mackenzie and A.P. Irby, Travels in Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe (London, 1877), vol. I, 11.
139. Hobhouse, A Journey, 513; F.C. Pouqueville, Travels in the Morea, Albania, and Other Parts of the Ottoman Empire (London, 1820), 24; Spencer, Travels in European Turkey, vol. I, 244; Mackenzie and A.P. Irby, Travels in Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe (London, 1877), vol. I, 11.
140. A. Hangi, Život i običaji Muslimana u Bosni i Hercegovini (Sarajevo, 1906), 78.
141. M. Gjurgjević, Memoari sa Balkana 1858-1878 (Sarajevo, 1910), 55-6.
142. Eliot, Turkey in Europe, 17.
143. Asboth, An Official Tour, 389; H. Renner, Durch Bosnien und die Hercegovina kreuz und quer (1897), 499; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 29; Zavadil, Obra̧zky z Bosny, 3, 36.
144. Asboth, An Official Tour, 389; H. Renner, Durch Bosnien und die Hercegovina kreuz und quer (1897), 499; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 29; Zavadil, Obra̧zky z Bosny, 3, 36.
145. Asboth, An Official Tour, 389; H. Renner, Durch Bosnien und die Hercegovina kreuz und quer (1897), 499; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 29; Zavadil, Obra̧zky z Bosny, 3, 36.
146. Asboth, An Official Tour, 389; H. Renner, Durch Bosnien und die Hercegovina kreuz und quer (1897), 499; Trevor, My Balkan Tour, 29; Zavadil, Obra̧zky z Bosny, 3, 36.
147. L.G. Hornby, Balkan Sketches (London, 1927), 153.
148. U. Komlenović, 'Rolling Stones na Vrbasu', Vreme, 199 (1994), 30-1.