Heterochrony and sexual dimorphism in the skull of the liberian chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus)

International Journal of Anthropology

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 19-30

  Anemone, R L ^a   Swindler, D R ^b  

^a WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Allometry; Heterochrony; Liberian chimpanzee; Pan troglodytes verus; Sexual dimorphism; Skull

Indexed keywords

EID: 0008438285     PISSN: 03939383     EISSN: 18243096     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02447624     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Ashton EH (1957) Age changes in dimensional differences between the skulls of male and female apes. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 128: 259-265.
2. Cheverud JM, and Richtsmeier JT (1986) Finite-element scaling applied to sexual dimorphism in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) facial growth. Syst. Zool. 35: 381-399.
3. Cochard LR (1985) Ontogenetic allometry of the skull and dentition of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mtdatta). In WL Jungers (eds.): Size and Scaling in Primate Biology. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 231-255.
4. Dierbach A (1986) Intraspecific variability and sexual dimorphism in the skulls of Pan troglodytes verus. Hum. Evol. 1: 41-50.
5. Freedman L (1962) Growth of muzzle length relative to calvaria length in Papio. Growth 26:117-128.
6. Gavan JA (1953) Growth and development of the chimpanzee: A longitudinal and comparative study. Hum. Biol. 25: 93-143.
7. German R, Hertweck D, Sirianni J, and Swindler D (1994) Ontogenetic allometry and sexual dimorphism in the pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 93:373-380.
8. Giles E (1956) Cranial allometry in the great apes. Hum. Biol. 28: 43-58.
9. Grether WF, and Yerkes RH (1940) Weight norms and relations for chimpanzees. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 27: 181-197.
10. Jarman P (1983) Mating system and sexual dimorphism i n large, terrestrial, mammalian herbivores. Biol. Rev. 58: 485-520.
11. Kimbel WH, and Martin LB (ed.) (1993) Species, Species Concepts, and Primate Evolution. New York: Plenum Press.
12. Leigh SR, and Cheverud JM (1991) Sexual dimorphism in the baboon facial skeleton. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 84: 193-208.
13. Leutenegger W, and Masterson TJ (1989a) The ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in the cranium of Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus). 1. Univariate analyses. Z. Morph. Anthrop. 78: 1-14.
14. Leutenegger W, and Masterson TJ (1989b) The ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in the cranium of Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus). 2. Allometry and heterochrony. Z. Morph. Anthrop. 78: 15-24.
15. Masterson TJ, and Leutenegger WL (1990) The ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in the cranium of Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) as detected by principal-components analysis. Int. J. Primatol. 11: 517-539.
16. Protsch von Zieten R, and Eckhardt RB (1988) The Frankfurt Pan troglodytes verus collection: Description and research agenda. Lab. Prim. News. 27: 13-15.
17. Rails K (1977) Sexual dimorphism in mammals: Avian models and unanswered questions. Amer. Natur. 111: 917-938.
18. Ravosa MJ (1991) The ontogeny of cranial sexual dimorphism in two Old World monkeys: Macaca fascicularis (Cercopithecinae) and Nasalis larvatus (Colobinae). Int. J. Primatol. 12: 403-426.
19. Schultz AH (1962) Metric age changes and sex differences in primate skulls. Z. Morph. Anthrop. 52: 239-255.
20. Shea BT (1983) Allometry and heterochrony in the African apes. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 62: 275-289.
21. Shea BT (1985a) Ontogenetic allometry and scaling: A discussion based on the growth and form of the skull in African apes. In WL Jungers (eds.): Size and Scaling in Primate Biology. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 175-205.
22. Shea BT (1985b) The ontogeny of sexual dimorphism in the African apes. Int. J. Primatol. 8: 183-188.
23. Shea BT (1986) Ontogenetic approaches to sexual dimorphism in anthropoids. Hum. Evol. 1:97-110.
24. Swindler D, Jenkins T, and Weiss A (1968) Fetal growth and development. In M Malinow (ed.): Biology of the Howler Monkey (AIouatta carraya). Basel & New York: Karger, pp. 28-47.
25. Tabachnick BG, and Fidell LS (1983) Using Multivariate Statistics. New York: Harper and Row.