O'donnell's "Illusions": A Rejoinder

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 1996, Pages

  Gunther, Richard ^a   Diamandouros, P Nikiforos ^b   Puhle, Hans Jürgen ^c  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^c GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0007490804     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (7)

1. Richard Gunther, P. Nikiforos Diamandouros, and Hans-Jürgen Puhle, eds., The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).
2. Juan J. Linz, "Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes," in Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby, eds., Handbook of Political Science, 8 vols. (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1975), 3:182-83.
3. Geoffrey Pridham, "The International Context of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective," in Gunther, Diamandouros, and Puhle, eds., Politics of Democratic Consolidation, 169.
4. Brazilian data from José María Maravall, Los resultados de la democracia: Un estudio del sur y el este de Europa (Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1995), 272; Spanish and Greek data from Eurobarometer 37 (Brussels: European Union, 1992).
5. Rafael López Pintor, La opinión pública española: Del franquismo a la democracia (Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 1982), 84.
6. Leonel Brizola, for example, was quoted by the Jornal do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro) as having said that "if there is no civil reaction [against privatizations], there will be a military one" (18 May 1995, 1), and by the Fôlha de São Paulo as explaining that he would consider a military intervention against privatizations as a positive act (18 May 1995, 1). The following day, the Rio de Janeiro newspaper O Globo published an article under the headline "Cardoso Criticizes Brizola for Defending a Military Coup" (19 May 1995, 3). These kinds of exchanges between top-ranking national political elites have been completely absent from Spain's political discourse since the early 1980s, reflecting an important qualitative difference between the two regimes.
7. Felipe Agüero's study entitled Soldiers, Civilians and Democracy: Post-Franco Spain in Comparative Perspective (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995) found that the potential threat to democracy posed by the Spanish military disappeared after 1982, reinforcing our conclusion that democratic consolidation at the national level was completed at that time.