Phonological Changes in the Speech of Two-Year-Olds: A Longitudinal Investigation

Infant-Toddler Intervention

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 67-77

  Watson, Marie May ^a   Scukanec, Gail P ^a  

^a CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0007476916     PISSN: 10535586     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Braine, M. (1974). On what might constitute learnable phonology. Language, 50, 270-299.
2. Dyson, A. T. (1988). Phonetic inventories of 2- and 3-year old children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 53, 89-93.
3. Dyson, A. T., & Paden, E. P. (1983). Some phonological acquisition strategies used by 2-year-olds. Journal of Childhood Communication Disorders, 7, 6-18.
4. Goldman R., & Fristoe, M. (1969). Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
5. Grunwell, P. (1981). The development of phonology: A descriptive profile. First Language, 2, 161-191.
6. Hodson, B. W., Nonomura, C. W., & Zappia, M. (1989). Phonological disorders: Impact on academic performance? Seminars in Speech and Language, 10, 252-259.
7. Ingram, D. (1976). Phonological disability in children. New York: American Elsevier Publishing Company.
8. Irwin, J. V., & Wong, S. P. (1983). Phonological development in Children 18 to 72 months, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
9. Long, S., & Fey, M. E. (1995). Computerized profiling, San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.
10. McReynolds, L. V., & Elbert, M. (1981). Criteria for phonological process analysis. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 46, 197-204.
11. Paul, R., & Jennings, P. (1992). Phonological behaviors in toddlers with slow expressive language development. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 99-107.
12. Prater, R. J., & Swift, R. W. (1982). Phonological process development with MLU-referenced guidelines. Journal of Communication Disorders, 15, 395-410.
13. Preisser, D. A., Hodson, B. W., & Paden, E. P. (1988). Developmental phonology; 18-29 months. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 53, 125-130.
14. Rafaat, S. K., Rvachew, S., & Russell, R. S. C. (1995). Reliability of clinician judgments of severity of phonological impairment. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 4, 39-46.
15. Rescorla, L., & Ratner, N. B. (1996). Phonetic profiles of toddlers with specific expressive language impairment (SLI-E). Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 39, 153-165.
16. Robb, M. P., & Bleile, K. M. (1994). Consonant inventories of young children from 8 to 25 months. Clinical Linguistic and Phonetics, 8, 295-320.
17. Roberts, J. E., Burchinal, M., & Footo, M. M. (1990). Phonological process decline from 21/2 to 8 years. Journal of Communication Disorders, 23, 205-217.
18. Schober-Peterson, D., Sizemore, J., & McGriff, M. (1995). The phonological development of toddlers and preschoolers. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Orlando.
19. Shriberg, L. D., & Kwiatkowski, J. (1982). Phonological disorders III: A procedure for assessing severity of involvement. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 47, 256-270.
20. Smith, N. (1973). The acquisition of phonology: A case study, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
21. Stampe, D. (1969). The acquisition of phonetic representation. (1969) In Papers from the Fifth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society. Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society.
22. Smit, A. (1986). Ages of speech sound acquisition: Comparisons and critiques of several normative studies. Language Speech and Hearing Services in the Schools, 17, 175-186.
23. Stoel-Gammon, C. (1985) Phonetic inventories, 15-24 months: A longitudinal study. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 28, 505-512.
24. Stoel-Gammon, C. (1987) Phonological skills of 2-year-olds. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in the Schools 18, 323-329.
25. Stoel-Gammon, C. (1991). Normal and disordered phonology in two-year-olds. Topics in Language Disorders, 11, 21-32.
26. Tyler, A. (1992). Profiles of the relationship between phonology and language in late talkers. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 246-264.
27. Vihman, M., & Greenlee, M. (1987). Individual differences in phonological development: ages one and three years. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 30, 503-521.
28. Weiner, F. (1979). Phonological process analysis. Baltimore; University Park Press.
29. Whitehurst, G. J., Fischel, J., Lonigan, C., Valdez-Menchaca, M., Arnold, D., & Smith, M. (1991). Treatment of early expressive delay: If, when, and how. Topics in Language Disorders, 11, 55-69.