Clinical management of asthma in the 1990s. Current therapy and new directions

Drugs

Volumn 52, Issue SUPPL. 6, 1996, Pages 1-11

  Jain, Prasoon ^a   Golish, Joseph A ^a  

^a LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIASTHMATIC AGENT; BECLOMETASONE; BETA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CORTICOSTEROID; CROMOGLYCATE DISODIUM; FENOTEROL; LEUKOTRIENE; NEDOCROMIL SODIUM; SALMETEROL; THEOPHYLLINE; TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE;

AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; ASTHMA; BRONCHOSPASM; EXERCISE INDUCED ASTHMA; HEALTH ECONOMICS; HUMAN; INHALATIONAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; PROPHYLAXIS; REVIEW;

EID: 0007419007     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199600526-00003     Document Type: Review

References (135)

1. Gergen PJ, Mullaly DI, Evan R III. National survey of prevalence of asthma among children in the United States. 1976 to 1980. Pediatrics 1988; 81: 1-7
2. Robertson CF, Heycock E, Bishop J, et al. Prevalence of asthma in Melbourne school children: changes over 26 years. BMJ 1991; 302: 1116-68
3. Burney PGJ, Chinn S, Rona RJ. Has the prevalence of asthma increased in children? Evidence from the national study of health and growth 1973-86. BMJ 1990; 300: 306-10
4. Haahtela T, Lindholm H, Björksten F, et al. Prevalence of asthma in Finnish young men. BMJ 1990; 301: 266-8
5. Shaw RA, Crane J, O'Donnell TV, et al. Increasing asthma prevalence in a rural New Zealand adolescent population: 1975-89. Arch Dis Child 1990; 65: 1319-23
6. Asthma-United States, 1982-1992. Mort Morb Wkly Rep 1995; 43: 952-5
7. Peat JK, van den Berg RH, Green WF, et al. Changing prevalence of asthma in Australian children. BMJ 1994; 308: 1591-6
8. Mitchell EA. International trends in hospital admission rates for asthma. Arch Dis Child 1985; 60: 376-8
9. Storr J, Barrell E, Lenney W. Rising asthma admissions and self referral. Arch Dis Child 1988; 63: 774-9
10. Gergen PJ, Weiss KB. Changing patterns of asthma hospitalization among children: 1979 to 1987. JAMA 1990; 264: 1688-92
11. Anderson HR. Increase in hospital admissions for childhood asthma: trends in referral, severity, and readmission from 1970 to 1985 in a health region of the United Kingdom. Thorax 1989; 44: 614-9
12. Dawson KP, Hickling KG, Mogridge N. Assisted ventilation in severe childhood asthma. NZ Med J 1988; 101: 236-8
13. Bosco LA, Knapp DE, Gerstman B, et al. Asthma drug therapy trends in the United States. 1972 to 1985. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987; 80: 398-402
14. Jenkins MA, Hurley SF, Bowes G, et al. Use of antiasthma drugs in Australia. Med J Aust 1990; 153: 323-8
15. Jackson R, Sears MR, Beaglehole R, et al. International trends in asthma mortality: 1970 to 1985. Chest 1988; 94: 914-9
16. Buist AS. Asthma mortality: what have we learnt? J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 84: 275-83
17. Weiss KB, Wagener DK. Changing patterns of asthma mortality. Identifying target populations at high risk. JAMA 1990; 264: 1683-7
18. Sears MR, Rea HH, Beaglehole R. Asthma mortality: a review of recent experience in New Zealand. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987; 80: 319-25
19. British Thoracic Association. Deaths from asthma in two regions of England. BMJ 1982; 285: 1251-5
20. Ernst P, Spitzer WO, Suissa S, et al. Risk of fatal and near fatal asthma in relation to inhaled corticosteroid use. JAMA 1992; 268: 3462-4
21. Buist AS, Vollmer WM. Reflections on the rise in asthma morbidity and mortality. JAMA 1990; 264: 1719-20
22. Fahy JV, Boushey HA. Controversies involving inhaled β-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma. Clin Chest Med 1995; 16: 715-33
23. Weiss KB, Gergen PJ, Thomas TA. An economic evaluation of asthma in the United States. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 862-6
24. Mellis CM, Peat JK, Bauman AE, et al. The cost of asthma in New South Wales. Med J Aust 1991; 155: 522-8
25. Marion RJ, Creer TL, Reynolds RVC. Direct and indirect cost associated with the management of childhood asthma. Ann Allergy 1985; 54: 31-4
26. Mak H, Abbey H, Talamo RC. Prevalence of asthma and health service utilization of asthmatic children in an inner city. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982; 70: 367-72
27. Fowler MG, Davenport MG, Garg R. School functioning of US children with asthma. Pediatrics 1992; 90: 939-44
28. Anderson HR, Bailey PA, Cooper JS, et al. Morbidity and school absence caused by asthma and wheezing illness. Arch Dis Child 1983; 58: 777-84
29. Goldstein RA, Paul WE, Metcalfe DD, et al. Asthma. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121: 698-708
30. Djukanovic R, Roche WR, Wilson JW, et al. Mucosal inflammation in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 434-57
31. Laitinen LA, Heino M, Laitinen A, et al. Damage of the airway epithelium and bronchial reactivity in patients with asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 131: 599-606
32. Laitinen LA, Laitinen A, Haahtela T. Airway mucosal inflammation even in patients with newly diagnosed asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147: 697-704
33. Beasley R, Roche WR, Roberts JA, et al. Cellular events in the bronchi in mild asthma and after bronchial provocation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139: 806-17
34. Wardlaw AJ, Dunnette S, Gleich GJ, et al. Eosinophils and mast cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in subjects with mild asthma. Relationship to bronchial hyperactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 137: 62-9
35. Adelroth E, Rosenhall L, Johansson S-A, et al. Inflammatory cells and eosinophilic activity in asthmatics investigated by bronchoalveolar lavage. The effects of antiasthmatic treatment with budesonide or terbutaline. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 91-9
36. Azzawi M, Bradley B, Jeffery PK, et al. Identification of activated T lymphocytes and eosinophils in bronchial biopsies in stable atopic asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 1407-13
37. Robinson DS, Hamid Q, Ying S, et al. Predominant TH2-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 298-304
38. Jeffery PK, Wardlaw AJ, Nelson FC, et al. Bronchial biopsies in asthma: an ultrastructural, quantitative study and correlation with hyperactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140: 1745-53
39. Bousquet J, Chanez P, Lacoste JY, et al. Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1033-9
40. Laitinen LA, Laitinen A, Heino M, et al. Eosinophilic airway inflammation during exacerbation of asthma and its treatment with inhaled steroids. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143: 423-7
41. Lewis RA, Austen F, Soberman RJ. Leukotrienes and other products of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Biochemistry and relation to pathobiology in human disease. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 645-55
42. Wenzel SE, Westcott JY, Lersen GL. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mediator level 5 minutes after allergen challenge in atopic subjects with asthma: relationship to the development of late asthmatic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991; 87: 540-8
43. Wenzel SE, Larsen GL, Johnston K, et al. Elevated levels of leukotriene C4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of atopic asthmatics after endobronchial allergen challenge. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 112-9
44. Drazen JM, O'Brien J, Sparrow D, et al. Recovery of leukotriene E4 from the urine of patients with airway obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 104-8
45. Joris I, Majno G, Corey EJ, et al. The mechanism of vascular leakage induced by leukotriene E4. Endothelial contraction. Am J Pathol 1987; 126: 19-24
46. Marom Z, Shelhamer JH, Bach MK, et al. Slow-releasing substances, leukotrienes C4 and D4 increase the release of mucus from the human airways in vitro. Am Rev Respir Dis 1982; 126: 449-51
47. Kaye MG, Smith LJ. Effects of inhaled leukotriene D4 and platelet activating factor on airway reactivity in normal subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141: 993-7
48. Arm JP, Spur BW, Lee TH. The effects of inhaled leukotrienes E4 on the airway responsiveness to histamine in subjects with asthma and normal subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988; 82: 654-60
49. Martin TR, Pistorese BP, Chi EY, et al. Effects of leukotriene B4 in the human lung. Recruitment of neutrophils into alveolar spaces without a change in pulmonary permeability. J Clin Invest 1989; 84: 1609-19
50. Nagy L, Lee TH, Goetzl EJ, et al. Complement receptor enhancement and chemotaxis of human neutrophils and eosinophils by leukotrienes and other lipooxygenase products. Clin Exp Allergy 1983; 71: 394-8
51. Calhoun WJ, Lavins BJ, Glass M. Effect of Accolate™ (zafirlukast) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) after segmental antigen bronchoprovocation (SBP) in patients with mild to moderate asthma [abstract]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: A42
52. Vercelli D, Geha RS. Regulation of IgE synthesis in humans: a tale of two signals. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991; 88: 285-95
53. Clutterbuck EJ, Hirst EMA, Sanderson CJ. Human interleukin-5 regulates the production of eosinophils in human bone marrow cultures: comparison and interaction with IL-1, IL-3, IL-6 and GM-CSF. Blood 1989; 73: 1504-12
54. Hardy CC, Robinson C, Tattersfield AE, et al. The bronchoconstrictor effect of inhaled prostaglandin D2 in normal and asthmatic men. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 209-13
55. Fuller RW, Dixon CMS, Dollery CT, et al. Prostaglandin D2 potentiates airway responsiveness to histamine and methacholine. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986; 133: 252-4
56. Cuss FM, Dixon CM, Barnes PJ. Effects of inhaled platelet activating factor on pulmonary function and bronchial responsiveness in men. Lancet 1986; 2: 189-92
57. Barnes PJ, Chung KF, Page CP. Platelet-activating factor as a mediator of allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988; 87: 919-34
58. Kemp JP. Approach to asthma management. Realities and recommendations. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: 805-12
59. Horn CR, Cochrane GM. Management of asthma in general practice. Respir Med 1989; 83: 67-70
60. Shelter AL, Bartal M, Bousquet J, et al. Global initiative for asthma: global strategy for asthma management and prevention; NHLBI/WHO workshop report. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Health, 1995 (Publication No. NIH 95-3659)
61. International consensus report on diagnosis and treatment of asthma. Eur Respir J 1992; 5: 601-41
62. Djukanovic R, Wilson JW, Britten KM, et al. Effects of inhaled corticosteroid on airway inflammation and symptoms in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 669-72
63. Jeffrey PK, Godfrey RW, Adelroth E, et al. Effects of treatment on airway inflammation and thickening of basement membrane reticular collagen in asthma. A quantitative light and electron microscopic study. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 890-9
64. Juniper EF, Kline PA, Vanzieleghem MA, et al. Effect of long term treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide) on airway hyperresporisiveness and clinical asthma in nonsteroid-dependent asthmatics. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 141: 832-6
65. Vathenen AS, Knox AJ, Wisniewski A, et al. Time course of change in bronchial reactivity with an inhaled corticosteroid in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143: 1317-21
66. Kraan J, Koeter GH, Van Der Mark TW, et al. Dosage and time effects of inhaled budesonide on bronchial hyperreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 137: 44-8
67. Van Essen-Zandvliet EE, Hughes MD, Waalkens HJ, et al. Effects of 22 months of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and/or beta-2-agonists on lung function, airway responsiveness, and symptoms in children with asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 547-54
68. Kerrebijn KF, Van Essen-Zandvliet EEM, Neijens HJ. Effects of long-term treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and beta-agonists on the bronchial responsiveness in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987; 79: 653-9
69. Salmeron S, Guerin J-C, Godard P, et al. High doses of inhaled corticosteroids in unstable asthma. A multicenter, double blind placebo-controlled study. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140: 167-71
70. Tarlo SM, Broder I, Davies GM, et al. Six-month double blind, controlled trial of high dose, concentrated beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of severe chronic asthma. Chest 1988; 93: 998-1002
71. Pedersen S, Hansen OR. Budesonide treatment of moderate and severe asthma in children: a dose response study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 95: 29-33
72. Smith MJ, Hodson ME. High-dose beclomethasone inhalers in the treatment of asthma. Lancet 1983; 1: 265-8
73. Hummel S, Lehtonen L, and Study group. Comparison of oral-steroid sparing by high dose and low dose inhaled steroid in the maintenance treatment of severe asthma. Lancet 1992; 340: 1483-7
74. 2 agonist, terbutaline, with an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, in newly detected asthma. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 388-92
75. 2 agonist, terbutaline, on airway inflammation in newly diagnosed asthma: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992; 90: 32-42
76. Dompeling E, van Schayck CP, van Grunsven PM, et al. Slowing the deterioration of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease observed during bronchodilator therapy by adding inhaled corticosteroids. A 4 year prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1993; 118: 770-8
77. Agertoft L, Pedersen S. Effects of long-term treatment with an inhaled corticosteroid on growth and pulmonary function in asthmatic children. Respir Med 1994; 88: 373-81
78. Selroos O, Pientinalho A, Lofroos AB, et al. Effects of early vs late intervention with corticosteroids in asthma. Chest 1995; 108: 1228-34
79. Haahtela T, Jarvinen M, Kava T, et al. Effects of reducing or discontinuing inhaled budesonide in patients with mild asthma. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 700-5
80. Waalkens HJ, van Essen-Zandvliet E, Hughes MD, et al. Cessation of long-term treatment with inhaled corticosteroid (budesonide) in children with asthma results in deterioration. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 1252-8
81. Juniper EF, Kline PA, vanzieleghem MA, et al. Reduction in budesonide after a year of increased use: a randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether improvements in airway responsiveness and clinical asthma are maintained. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991; 87: 483-9
82. Brown PH, Blundell G, Greening AP, et al. High dose inhaled steroid therapy and the cortisol stress response to acute severe asthma. Respir Med 1992; 86: 495-7
83. Volvovitz B, Amir J, Malik H, et al. Growth and pituitary adrenal function in children with severe asthma treated with inhaled budesonide. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1703-8
84. Ali NJ, Capewell S, Ward MJ. Bone turnover during high dose inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Thorax 1991; 46: 160-4
85. Ip M, Lam K, Yam L, et al. Decreased bone mineral density in premenopausal asthma patients receiving lone-term inhaled steroids. Chest 1994; 105: 1722-7
86. Kiviranta K, Turpeinen M. Effect of eight months of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and budesonide on carbohydrate metabolism in adults with asthma. Thorax 1993; 48: 974-8
87. Turpeinen M, Sorva R, Juntenen-Backman K. Changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in children with asthma inhaling budesonide. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991; 88: 384-9
88. Allen DB, Mullen M, Mullen B. A meta-analysis of the effects of oral and inhaled steroids on growth. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994; 93: 967-76
89. Barnes PJ. Inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 868-75
90. Nelson HS. β-Adrenergic bronchodilators. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 499-506
91. Nelson HS, Raine D Jr, Doner HC, et al. Subsensitivity to the bronchodilator action of albuterol produced by chronic administration. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977; 116: 871-8
92. Weber RW, Smith JA, Nelson HS. Aerosolized terbutaline in asthmatics: development of subsensitivity with long term administration. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982; 70: 417-22
93. Conolly ME, Tashkin DP, Hui KKP, et al. Selective sub-sensitization of β-adrenergic receptors in central airways of asthmatics and normal subjects during long-term therapy with inhaled salbutamol. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1982; 70: 423-31
94. Hadcock JR, Malbon CC. Down-regulation of β-adrenergic receptors: agonist induced reduction in receptor mRNA levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 5021-5
95. Cheung D, Timmers MC, Zwinderman AH, et al. Long-term effects of a long acting β-2 adrenoceptor agonist, salmeterol on airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with mild asthma. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 198-203
96. Cockcroft DW, McPorland CP, Britto SA, et al. Regular inhaled salbutamol and airway responsiveness to allergen. Lancet 1993; 342: 833-7
97. Taylor DR, Sear MR, Herbison GP, et al. Regular inhaled β-agonists in asthma: effects on exacerbations and lung functions. Thorax 1993; 48: 134-8
98. Sear MR, Taylor DR, Print CG, et al. Regular inhaled β-agonist treatment in bronchial asthma. Lancet 1990; 336: 1391-6
99. Chapman KR, Kesten S, Szalai JP. Regular vs as-needed inhaled salbutamol in asthma control. Lancet 1994; 343: 1379-82
100. Pearlman DS, Chervinsky P, LaForce C, et al. A comparison of salmeterol with albuterol in the treatment of mild-to-moderate asthma. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1420-5
101. D'Alonzo GE, Nathan RA, Henochowicz S, et al. Salmeterol xinafoate as maintenance therapy compared with albuterol in patients with asthma. JAMA 1994; 271: 1412-6
102. Castle W, Fuller R, Hall J, et al. Serevent nationwide surveillance study: comparison of salmeterol with salbutamol in asthmatic patients who require regular bronchodilator treatment. BMJ 1993; 306: 1034-7
103. Brambilla C, Chastang C, Georges D, et al. Salmeterol compared with slow release terbutaline in nocturnal asthma: a multicenter, randomized, double blind, double dummy, sequential clinical trial. Allergy 1994; 49: 421-6
104. Kemp JP, Dockhorn RJ, Busse WJ, et al. Exercise induced bronchospasm. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150: 1612-5
105. Ramage L, Lipworth BJ, Ingram CG, et al. Reduced protection against exercise induced bronchoconstriction after chronic dosing with salmeterol. Respir Med 1994; 88: 363-8
106. Beasley R, Pearce N, Crane J, et al. Asthma mortality and inhaled agonist therapy. Aust NZ J Med 1991; 21: 753-63
107. Crane J, Pearce N, Flatt A, et al. Prescribed fenoterol and death from asthma in New Zealand, 1981-83: case-control study. Lancet 1989; 1: 917-22
108. Spitzer WO, Suissa S, Ernst P, et al. The use of β-agonists and the risk of death and near death from asthma. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 501-6
109. Ernst P, Habbick B, Suissa S, et al. The association between inhaled β-agonist use and life-threatening asthma because of confounding by severity? Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 75-9
110. Mullen M, Mullen B, Carey M. The association between β-agonist use and death from asthma. A meta-analytic integration of case-control studies. JAMA 1993; 270: 1842-5
111. Tattersfield AE. Use of β-2 agonists in asthma: much ado about nothing? Still cause for concern. BMJ 1994; 309: 794-6
112. Pauwels R. The clinical use of β-receptor agonists; for and against. Life Sci 1993; 52: 2172-9
113. Greening AP, Ind PW, Northfield M, et al. Added salmeterol versus higher dose corticosteroid in asthma patients with symptoms on existing inhaled corticosteroid. Lancet 1994; 344: 219-24
114. Shapiro GG, Sharpe M, DeRouen TA, et al. Cromolyn versus triamcinolone acetonide for youngsters with moderate asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991; 88: 742-8
115. Bone MF, Kubik MM, Keaney NP, et al. Nedocromil sodium in adults with asthma dependent on inhaled corticosteroids: a double blind, placebo controlled study. Thorax 1989; 44: 654-9
116. Boulet LP, Cartier A, Cockcroft DW, et al. Tolerance of reduction of oral steroid dosage in severely asthmatic patients receiving nedocromil sodium. Respir Med 1990; 84: 317-23
117. Woolcock A, Lundback B, Ringdal N. Comparison of addition of salmeterol to inhaled steroids with doubling of the dose of inhaled steroids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 1481-8
118. Barnes PJ, Greening AP, Neville L, et al. Single-dose slow release aminophylline at night prevents nocturnal asthma. Lancet 1982; 1: 299-301
119. Nassif EG, Weinberger M, Thompson R, et al. The value of maintenance in steroid-dependent asthma. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 71-5
120. Barnes PJ, Adcock IM. Steroid resistance in asthma. Q J Med 1995; 88: 455-68
121. Mullarkey M. Immunosuppressive therapy for asthma. Allergy Proc 1995; 16: 81-4
122. Moss RB. Alternative pharmacotherapies for steroid-dependent asthma. Chest 1995; 107: 817-25
123. Perera BJC. Efficacy and cost effectiveness of inhaled steroids in asthma in a developing country. Arch Dis Child 1995; 72: 312-6
124. Goodman DE, Israel E, Rosenberg M, et al. The influence of age, diagnosis, and gender on proper use of metered-dose inhalers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 150: 1256-61
125. Pauwels R. Future of anti-inflammatory therapy in asthma. Allergy 1995; 50 Suppl. 22: 27-31
126. Drazen J. Clinical studies with agents active on the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Allergy 1995; 50 Suppl. 22: 22-6
127. Israel E, Dermarkarian R, Rosenberg M, et al. The effects of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor on asthma induced by cold dry air. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1740-4
128. Israel E, Fischer AR, Rosenberg MA, et al. Pivotal role of 5-lipoxygenase products in the reaction of aspirin-sensitive asthmatics to aspirin. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 1447-51
129. Israel E, Rubin P, Kemp JP, et al. The effect of inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by zileuton in mild to moderate asthma. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 1059-66
130. Israel E, Cohn J, Dube L, et al. Effect of treatment with zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, in patients with asthma. A randomised controlled trial. JAMA 1996; 275: 931-6
131. Cloud ML, Enas GC, Kemp J, et al. A specific LTD4/LTE4-receptor antagonist improves pulmonary function in patients with mild, chronic asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140: 1336-9
132. Taylor IK, O'Shaaughnessy KM, Fuller RW, et al. Effect of cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonist ICI 204,219 on allergen induced bronchoconstriction and airway hyperactivity in atopic subjects. Lancet 1991; 337: 690-4
133. Yamamoto H, Nagata M, Kuramitu K, et al. Inhibition of analgesic-induced asthma by leukotriene receptor antagonist ONO-1078. Am Rev Respir Dis 1994; 150: 254-7
134. Lockey RF, Lavins BJ, Snader L. Effects of 13 weeks of treatment with ICI 204,219 (Accolate) in patients with mild to moderate asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 95 Pt 2: (abstract no. 939)
135. Spector S, Miller CJ, Glass M. 13 week dose response study with Accolate™ (zafirlukast) in patients with mild to moderate asthma [abstract]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151 (4) Pt 2: A379