The effect of gender role, attitude toward leadership, and self-confidence on leader emergence: Implications for leadership development

Human Resource Development Quarterly

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 305-320

  Kolb, Judith A ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0007229230     PISSN: 10448004     EISSN: 15321096     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hrdq.3920100403     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Bass, B. M. (1981). Stogdill’s handbook of leadership (2nd ed.). New York: Free Press.
2. Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162.
3. Bem, S. L. (1977). Bem sex-role inventory (BSRI). In J. W. Pfeiffer J. E. Jones (Eds.), The 1977 annual handbook for group facilitators (pp. 83-85). San Diego: University Associates.
4. Bettenhausen, K. L. (1991). Five years of group research: What we have learned and what needs to be addressed. Journal of Management, 17, 345-381.
5. Bray, D. W., Campbell, P. L., Grant, D. L. (1974). Formative years in business: A long-term AT-T study of managerial lives. New York: Wiley.
6. Brenner, O. C., Tomkiewicz, J., Schein, V. (1989). The relationship between sex-role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics revisited. Academy of Management Journal, 32, 662-669.
7. Butler, D., Geis, F. L. (1990). Nonverbal affect responses to male and female leaders: Implications for leadership evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 48-59.
8. Cahn, A., Siegfried, W. D. (1990). Gender stereotypes and dimensions of effective leader behavior. Sex Roles, 23, 413-419.
9. Canary, D. J., Hause, K. S. (1993). Is there any reason to research sex differences in communication? Communication Quarterly, 41, 129-144.
10. Chusmir, L. H., Koberg, C. S. (1991). Relationship between self-confidence and sex role identity among managerial women and men. Journal of Social Psychology, 131, 781-790.
11. Chusmir, L. H., Koberg, C. S., Stecher, M. D. (1992). Self-confidence of managers in work and social situations: A look at gender differences. Sex Roles, 26, 497-512.
12. Cotton, J. L., Vollrath, D. A., Lengnick-Hall, M. L., Froggatt, K. L. (1990). Fact: The form of participation does matter—A rebuttal to Leana, Locke, and Schweiger. Academy of Management Review, 15, 147-153.
13. Eagly, A. H., Makhijani, M. G., Klonsky, B. G. (1992). Gender and the evaluation of leaders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 3-22.
14. Fagenson, E. A. (1990). Perceived masculine and feminine attributes examined as a function of individuals sex and level in the organizational power hierarchy: A test of four theoretical perspectives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 204-211.
15. Faranda, J. A. (1981). The influence of sex-role stereotypes on the evaluations of male and female leaders. Dissertation Abstracts, 42 (5B), 2128.
16. Fisher, A. B. (1992, June). When will women get to the top? Fortune, 196, 44-56.
17. Goktepe, J. R., Schneier, C. E. (1989). Role of sex, gender roles, and attraction in predicting emergent leaders. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 165-167.
18. Haberfeld, Y. (1992). Employment discrimination: An organizational model. Academy of Management Journal, 35, 161-180.
19. Hawkins, K. W. (1995). Effects of gender and communication content on leadership emergence in small task-oriented groups. Small Group Research, 26, 234-249.
20. Helgesen, S. (1990). The female advantage: Women’s ways of leadership. New York: Doubleday.
21. Hitt, M. A., Barr, S. H. (1989). Management selection decision models: Examination of configural cue processing. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 53-61.
22. Howard, A., Bray, D. W. (1988). Managerial lives in transition: Advancing age and changing times. New York: Guilford Press.
23. Kent, R. L., Moss, S. E. (1990). Self-monitoring as a predictor of leader emergence. Psychological Reports, 66, 875-881.
24. Kent, R. L., Moss, S. E. (1994). Effects of sex and gender role on leader emergence. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1335-1346.
25. Kirkpatrick, S. A., Locke, E. A. (1991). Leadership: Do traits matter? Academy of Management Executive, 5 (2), 48-60.
26. Kolb, J. A. (1996, November). The effect of sex and gender role on selfand group-reported assessments and descriptions of leadership. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Association for Business Communication, Chicago.
27. Kolb, J. A. (1997). Are we still stereotyping leadership? A look at gender and other predictors of leader emergence. Small Group Research, 28, 370-393.
28. Korabik, K. (1990). Androgyny and leadership style. Journal of Business Ethics, 9, 283-292.
29. Kruse, L., Wintermantel, M. (1986). Leadership Ms-qualified: The gender bias in everyday and scientific thinking. In E. F. Graumann S. Moscovici (Eds.), Changing conceptions of leadership (pp. 283-292). New York: Springer-Verlag.
30. Leana, C. R., Locke, E. A., Schweiger, D. M. (1990). Fact and fiction in analyzing research on participative decision making. A critique of Cotton, Vollrath, Froggatt, Lengnick-Hall, and Jennings. Academy of Management Review, 15, 137-146.
31. Linimon, D., Barron, W. L., III, Falbo, T. (1984). Gender differences in perceptions of leadership. Sex Roles, 11, 1075-1089.
32. McClelland, D. C. (1985). Human motivation. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
33. McGlasham, K. E., Wright, P. M., McCormick, B. (1995). Preferential selection and stereotypes: Effects on evaluation of female leader performance, subordinate goal commitment, and task performance. Sex Roles, 33, 669-686.
34. Miner, J. B. (1978). Twenty years of research on role-motivation theory of managerial effectiveness. Personnel Psychology, 31, 739-760.
35. Mowday, R. T. (1979). Leader characteristics, self-confidence, and methods of upward influence in organizational decision situations. Academy of Management Journal, 22, 709-725.
36. Nieva, V. G., Gutek, B. A. (1980). Sex effects on evaluation. Academy of Management Review, 5, 267-276.
37. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
38. Owens, T. J. (1993). Accentuate the positive and the negative: Rethinking the use of self-esteem, self-deprecation, and self-confidence. Social Psychology Quarterly, 56, 288-299.
39. Powell, G. N. (1990). One more time: Do female and male managers differ? Academy of Management Executive, 4 (3), 68-75.
40. Powell, G. N., Butterfield, D. A. (1979). The ‘good manager: Masculine or androgynous? Academy of Management Journal, 22, 395-403.
41. Ridgeway, C., Diekema, D. (1989). Dominance and collective hierarchy formation in male and female task groups. American Sociological Review, 54, 79-93.
42. Russell, J. E. A., Rush, M. C., Herd, A. M. (1988). An exploration of women’s expectations of effective male and female leadership. Sex Roles, 19, 13-28.
43. Sapp, S. G., Harrod, W. J., Zhao, L. (1996). Leadership emergence in task groups with egalitarian gender-role expectations. Sex Roles, 34, 65-80.
44. Schneier, C. E., Goktepe, J. R. (1983). Issues in emergent leadership: The contingency model of leadership, leader sex, leader behavior. In H. H. Blumberg, A. P. Hare, V. Kent, and M. F. Davies (Eds.), Small groups and social interaction (Vol. 1, pp. 413-421). New York: Wiley.
45. Seifert, C., Miller, C. E. (1988). Subordinates perceptions of leaders in task-performing dyads: Effects on sex of leader and subordinate, method of leader selection, and performance feedback. Sex Roles, 19, 13-28.
46. Shimanoff, S. B., Jenkins, M. M. (1991). Leadership and gender: Challenging assumptions and recognizing resources. In R. S. Cathcart L. A. Samovar (Eds.), Small group communication: A reader (6th ed., pp. 504-522). Dubuque, IA: W. C. Brown.
47. Sleeper, L. A., Nigro, G. N. (1987). It’s not who you are but who you’re with: Self-confidence in achievement settings. Sex Roles, 16, 57-69.
48. Stein, R. T., Heller, T. (1979). An empirical analysis of the correlations between leadership status and participation rates reported in the literature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1993-2002.
49. Van Nostrand, C. H. (1993). Gender-responsible leadership: Detecting advantage, implementing interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
50. Zuckerman, D. M. (1985). Confidence and aspirations: Self-esteem and self-concepts as predictors of student life goals. Journal of Personality, 53, 543-560.