Has pharmaceutical research become more scientific?

Review of Industrial Organization

Volumn 11, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 841-851

  Schwartzman, David ^a   Cognato, Antonio ^b  

^a NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PALERMO   (Italy)

Author keywords

Applied research; Basic research; Pharmaceutical research; Science; Technology

Indexed keywords

EID: 0006992858     PISSN: 0889938X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF00174410     Document Type: Article

References (13)

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2. Arrow, K. J. (1962) 'Economics of Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention', in R. R. Nelson (ed.), The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
3. Cohn, J. P. (1991) 'The Beginnings: Laboratory and Animal Studies', in From Test Tube to Patient: New Drug Development in the United States, Federal Drug Administration Consumer Special Report, March.
4. Dasgupta, P. S. and David, P. A. (1990) 'The New Economics of Science', Working Paper, Center for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University.
5. DiMasi, J. A., Hansen, R. W., Grabowski, H. G. and Lasagna, L. (1991) 'Cost of Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry', Journal of Health Economics, 10, 107-142.
6. Gambardella, A. (1991) Science and Innovation in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry, Ph. D. dissertation, Stanford University.
7. Maxwell, R. A. and Eckhardt, S. B. (1990) Drug Discovery: A Casebook and Analysis, Clifton, NJ: Humana Press.
8. Nelson, R. R. (1959) 'The Simple Economics of Basic Scientific Research', Journal of Political Economy, 67, 297-306.
9. Oxender, D. L. and Graddis, T. J. (1991) 'Protein Engineering', in V. Moses and R. E. Cape (eds.), Biotechnology. The Science and the Business, New York: Harwood Academic.
10. Schwartzman, D. (1976) Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
11. Taylor, C. T. and Silberston, Z. A. (1975) The Economic Impact of the Patent System: A Study of the British Experience, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12. United States International Trade Commission (1991) Global Competitiveness of U.S. Advanced-Technology Manufacturing Industries: Pharmaceuticals, USITC Publication 2437, Washington, D.C., September.
13. Van Brunt, J. (1991) 'The New Biology', in V. Moses and R. E. Cape (eds.), Biotechnology. The Science and the Business, New York: Harwood Academic.