Exploring Dual Triangles: The Development of Taipei-Washington-Beijing Relations

Issues and Studies

Volumn 32, Issue 10, 1996, Pages 26-52

  Wu, Yu Shan ^a  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Cross strait relations; International relations; Strategic triangle; Taiwan Strait crisis; The PRC

Indexed keywords

EID: 0006973343     PISSN: 10132511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. See, for example, Lowell Dittmer, "The Strategic Triangle: An Elementary Game- Theoretical Analysis," World Politics 33, no. 4 (July 1981): 485-516; and Gerald Segal, The Great Power Triangle (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982).
2. See, for example, Lowell Dittmer, "The Strategic Triangle: An Elementary Game- Theoretical Analysis," World Politics 33, no. 4 (July 1981): 485-516; and Gerald Segal, The Great Power Triangle (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982).
3. Robert S. Ross, ed., China, the United States, and the Soviet Union: Tripolarity and Policy Making in the Cold War (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1993), 4.
4. Lowell Dittmer, "The Chinese 'Mini-Triangle': An Analysis of United States Policy Toward China and Taiwan" (Working paper, 1996).
5. Yu-Shan Wu, "The Washington-Beijing-Moscow Triangle: Is America's Role Declining?" (Working paper, 1989).
6. A similar classification can be found in Donald E. Nuechterlein, "The Concept of National Interest: A Time for New Approaches," Orbis 23, no. 1 (Spring 1979): 73-92; and Lowell Dittmer, "The Chinese 'Mini-Triangle'."
7. A similar classification can be found in Donald E. Nuechterlein, "The Concept of National Interest: A Time for New Approaches," Orbis 23, no. 1 (Spring 1979): 73-92; and Lowell Dittmer, "The Chinese 'Mini-Triangle'."
8. A well-known example of the realism school is Kenneth N. Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1979).
9. Typical examples of neoliberalism are Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Transnational Relations and World Politics (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972); and Keohane and Nye, Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition (Boston: Little, Brown, 1977).
10. Typical examples of neoliberalism are Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Transnational Relations and World Politics (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972); and Keohane and Nye, Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition (Boston: Little, Brown, 1977).
11. For an overall perspective on this issue, see Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (New York: Vintage Books, 1989).
12. This is balancing. The other possibility is bandwagoning. For more on this pair of concepts and their application to small countries facing strong neighbors, see Stephen M. Walt, The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987); James M. Goldgeier, "Balancing vs. Bandwagoning in the Former Soviet Union" (Paper delivered at the 1992 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, September 3-6, 1992); and Yu-Shan Wu, "Theorizing on the Political Economy of Cross-Strait Relations: An Analogy with Russia and Its Neighbors." Issues & Studies 31, no. 9 (September 1995): 1-18.
13. This is balancing. The other possibility is bandwagoning. For more on this pair of concepts and their application to small countries facing strong neighbors, see Stephen M. Walt, The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987); James M. Goldgeier, "Balancing vs. Bandwagoning in the Former Soviet Union" (Paper delivered at the 1992 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, September 3-6, 1992); and Yu-Shan Wu, "Theorizing on the Political Economy of Cross-Strait Relations: An Analogy with Russia and Its Neighbors." Issues & Studies 31, no. 9 (September 1995): 1-18.
14. This is balancing. The other possibility is bandwagoning. For more on this pair of concepts and their application to small countries facing strong neighbors, see Stephen M. Walt, The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987); James M. Goldgeier, "Balancing vs. Bandwagoning in the Former Soviet Union" (Paper delivered at the 1992 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, September 3-6, 1992); and Yu-Shan Wu, "Theorizing on the Political Economy of Cross-Strait Relations: An Analogy with Russia and Its Neighbors." Issues & Studies 31, no. 9 (September 1995): 1-18.
15. See J. D. Armstrong, Revolutionary Diplomacy: Chinese Foreign Policy and the United Front Strategy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), chap. 2.
16. The revisionist interpretations argue that during the early 1950s there were genuine possibilities for the United States to develop a positive relationship with the Chinese Communist regime that had been lost. For the revisionist school, see James Reardon-Anderson, Yenan and the Great Power (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); and Kenneth Chern, Dilemma in China: America's Policy Debate, 1945 (Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press, 1980).
17. The revisionist interpretations argue that during the early 1950s there were genuine possibilities for the United States to develop a positive relationship with the Chinese Communist regime that had been lost. For the revisionist school, see James Reardon-Anderson, Yenan and the Great Power (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980); and Kenneth Chern, Dilemma in China: America's Policy Debate, 1945 (Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press, 1980).
18. King C. Chen, "The PRC's Foreign Policy in the Last Forty Years," in Haixia liang'an sishinian (Forty years in retrospect: Taiwan and mainland China), ed. Lei Fei-lung and Hua Li-chin, vol. 1 (Taipei: The Sun Yat-sen Institution on Policy Research and Development, 1994), 278.
19. See Donald S. Zagoria, The Sino-Soviet Conflict, 1956-1961 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1962).
20. John W. Garver, China's Decision for Rapprochement with the United States, 1968-1971 (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1982).
21. Chen, "The PRC's Foreign Policy," 290.
22. Henry Kissinger, White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 165, 712.
23. William E. Griffith, "Sino-Soviet Rapprochement?" Problems of Communism 32, no. 2 (March-April 1983): 20.
24. Allen S. Whiting, "Assertive Nationalism in Chinese Foreign Policy," Asian Survey 23, no. 8 (August 1983): 913-33.
25. See William E. Ferry and Roger E. Kanet, "The Evolution of Russian-Chinese-U.S. Relations and Their Consequences for the Asia-Pacific Region" (Paper delivered at the Conference on the Security Relationship between the United States and Taiwan: After the March 1996 Mini-Crisis, Tamkang University, Taipei, July 10, 1996); and Chen, "The PRC's Foreign Policy," 304.
26. See William E. Ferry and Roger E. Kanet, "The Evolution of Russian-Chinese-U.S. Relations and Their Consequences for the Asia-Pacific Region" (Paper delivered at the Conference on the Security Relationship between the United States and Taiwan: After the March 1996 Mini-Crisis, Tamkang University, Taipei, July 10, 1996); and Chen, "The PRC's Foreign Policy," 304.
27. Yu-Shan Wu, "The Collapse of the Soviet Union: A Crises and Sequences Approach," Political Science Review, no. 4 (December 1992): 179-224.
28. Yu-Shan Wu, "The Collapse of the Bipolar System and Mainland China's Foreign Policy," Issues & Studies 29, no. 7 (July 1993): 1-25.
29. Yu-Shan Wu, "From a Clash of Ideologies to a Duel of Nation-States: The Impact of the PRC's Missile Tests," Asiaview 6, no. 1 (April 1996): 1-5.
30. Robert G. Sutter, "The Taiwan Crisis of 1995-96 and U.S. Domestic Politics" (Paper delivered at the Conference on the Security Relationship between the United States and Taiwan: After the March 1996 Mini-Crisis, Tamkang University, Taipei, July 10, 1996).
31. Both U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Asian and Pacific Affairs Winston Lord and Assistant Secretary for International Security Affairs of the Department of Defense Joseph Nye played down the seriousness of the PLA's exercises and claimed that they did not constitute any genuine threat to Taiwan. Furthermore, Lord called for both sides to show restraint even though there was clearly no military provocation whatsoever on Taiwan's part. For a detailed account of the Clinton administration's response to the Taiwan Strait crisis, see David S. Chou, "U.S. Roles in the Taiwan Strait Crisis" (Paper delivered at the Conference on the Security Relationship between the United States and Taiwan: After the March 1996 Mini-Crisis, Tamkang University, Taipei, July 10, 1996).)
32. For the unlikeliness of the United States actually coming to Taiwan's rescue when the PLA attacks the island, see Chou, "U.S. Roles in the Taiwan Strait Crisis."
33. CNN Interactive World News, March 15, 1996.
34. The final results of the second round election are: 53.82 percent for Yeltsin, 40.31 Percent for Zyuganov, and 4.83 percent against both Yeltsin and Zyuganov. Overall attendance was 68.89 percent. See Natsional'naya cluzhba novostei, Results of the Second Poll of Presidential Elections, July 10, 1996.
35. See Robert Orttung, "Russia: Lebed Backs Yeltsin in Presidential Runoff," OMRI Analytical Brief 1, no. 181 (June 18, 1996); and "How Will Lebed Impact Russian Security Policy?" OMRI Analytical Brief 1, no. 182 (June 18, 1996).
36. See Robert Orttung, "Russia: Lebed Backs Yeltsin in Presidential Runoff," OMRI Analytical Brief 1, no. 181 (June 18, 1996); and "How Will Lebed Impact Russian Security Policy?" OMRI Analytical Brief 1, no. 182 (June 18, 1996).
37. For the military collaboration among the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, see Izvestia, March 28, 1996, 58.
38. Wu Yu-Shan, "Cross-Strait Relations in View of the Russian Presidential Election," Zhongguo shibao (China Times) (Taipei), April 23, 1996, 11.
39. Ibid., April 6, 1996, 9.