Candida albicans: Morphogenesis and Pathogenesis

Japanese Journal of Medical Mycology

Volumn 37, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 49-58

  Gow, Neil A R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

cell cycle; cell wall; Dimorphism; gene expression; hyphal growth; proteinase; signal transduction; vacuole

Indexed keywords

EID: 0006935711     PISSN: 09164804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.37.49     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Beck-Sague, C. M.; Jarvis, W. R.; National nosocomial infections surveillance system. Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in the United States, 1980-1990. J Infect Dis 167, 1247-1251.
2. Gow, N. A. R.; Gooday, G. W.; Growth kinetics and morphology of colonies of the filamentous form of Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol 128, 2187-2198 (1982).
3. Gow, N. A. R.; Henderson, G.; Gooday, G. W.; Cytological interralationships between the cell cycle and the duplication cycle of Candida albicans. Microbios 47, 97-105 (1986).
4. Trinci, A. P. J.; Exponential growth of the growth of the germ tubes of fungal spores. J Gen Microbiol 67, 345-348.
5. Gow, N. A. R.; Gooday, G. W.; Cytological aspects of dimorphism in Candida albicans. Crit Rev Microbiol 15, 73-78 (1987).
6. Gow, N. A. R.; Gooday, G. W.; Newsam, R.; Gull, K.; Ultrastructure of the septum of Candida albicans. Curr Microbiol 4, 357-359 (1980).
7. Gooday, G. W.; Gow, N. A. R.; A model of the hyphal septum of Candida albicans. Exper My col 7, 370 -373 (1983).
8. Gow, N. A. R.; Growth and guidance of the fungal hypha Microbiology 140, 3193-3205 (1994).
9. Merson-Davies, L. A.; Odds, F. C.; A morphology index for characterization of cell shape in Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol 135, 3143-3152 (1989).
10. Gow, N. A. R.; Gooday, G. W.; A model for the germination and mycelial growth form of Candida albicans. Sabouraudia 22, 137-142 (1984).
11. Kron, S. J.; Gow, N. A. R.; Budding yeast morphogenesis: signalling, cytoskeleton and cell cycle. Curr Opin Cell Biol 7, 845-855 (1995).
12. Gow, N. A. R.; Gooday, G. W.; Vacuolation, branch production and linear growth of germ tubes of Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol 128, 21952198 (1982).
13. Yokoyama, K.; Takeo, K.; Differences of asymmetrical division between the pseudomycelial and yeast forms of Candida albicans and their effect on multiplication. Archiv Microbiol 134, 251-253 (1983).
14. Gregory, P. H.; The fungus spore: what it is and what it does. In The Fungus Spore (Madelin, M. F.; ed) P. 1-14, Butterworth, London.
15. Robinow, C. F.; Observations of growth, mitosis and division in the fungus Basibiobolus ranarum. J Cell Biol 17, 123-152 (1963).
16. Gimeno, C. J.; Ljungdahl, P. O.; Fink GR. Unipolar cell divisions in the yeast S. cerevisiae lead to filamentous growth: regulation by starvation and RAS. Cell 68, 1077-1090 (1992).
17. Prosser, J. I.; Kinetics of filamentous growth and branching. In The Growing Fungus (Gow NAR & Gadd GM) P. 301-318, Chapman & Hall, London.
18. Aoki, S.; Ito-Kuwa, S.; Nakamura, Y.; Masuhara, T.; Mitochondrial behaviour during the yeast-hypha transition of Candida albicans. Microbios 60, 7986 (1989).
19. Tanaka, K.; Kanbe, T.; Kuroiwa, T.; Three-dimensional behaviour of mitochondria during cell division and germ tube formation in the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. J Cell Sci 73, 207-220 (1985).
20. Hube, B.; Monod, M.; Schofield, D. A.; Brown, A. P. J.; Gow NAR. Expression of seven members of the gene family encoding secretory aspartyl proteinases in Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol 13, 87-99 (1994).
21. Yokoyama, K.; Kaji, Nishimura, K.; Miyaji, M.; The role of microfilaments and microtubules during pH-regulated morphological transition in Candida albicans. Microbiology 140, 281-287 (1994).
22. Chaffin, W. L.; Site selection for bud and germ tube emergence in Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol 130, 431-440 (1984).
23. Chant, J.; Herskowitz, I.; Genetic control of bud site selection in yeast by a set of gene products that constitute a morphogenetic pathway. Cell 65, 1203-1212 (1991).
24. Gimeno, C. J.; Fink, G. R.; The logic of cell division in the life cycle of yeast. Science 257, 626 (1992).
25. Chant, J.; Pringle, J. R.; Patterns of bud-site selection in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 129, 751-765 (1995).
26. Kron, S. F.; Styles, C. A.; Fink, G. R.; Symmetric cell division in pseudohyphae of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell (1994), 5, 1003-1022.
27. Cho, T.; Hamada, T.; Kawasaki, K.; Kaminishi, H.; Hagihara, Y.; Studies on the growth of Candida albicans. Fukuoka Dent Coll Soc J 7, 421-427 (1980).
28. Sherwood-Higham, J.; Zhu W-Y, Devine, C. A.; Gooday, G. W.; Gow, N. A. R.; Gregory, G. W.; Helical hyphae of Candida albicans. J Med Vet My col 32, 437-445 (1995).
29. Kaminishi, H.; Iwata, A.; Cho, T.; Hagihara, Y.; Spiral hyphae of Candida albicans formed in anaerobic culture. Mycoses 37, 349-352 (1994).
30. Gow, N. A. R.; Perera, T. H. S.; Sherwood-Higham, J.; Gooday, G. W.; Gregory, D. W.; Marshall, D.; Investigation of the touch-sensitive responses by hyphae of the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Scann Microscop 8, 705-710 (1994).
31. Sherwood, J.; Gow, N. A. R.; Gooday, G. W.; Gregory, G. W.; Marshall, D.; Contact sensing in Candida albicans: a possible aid to epithelial penetration. J Med Vet Mycol 30, 461-469 (1992).
32. Curtis, A. S. G.; Clark, P.; The effects of topographic and mechanical properties on cell behaviour. Crit Rev Biocompatibility 5, 343-362 (1990).
33. Read, N. D.; Kellock, K. J.; Knight, H.; Trewavas, A. J.; Contact sensing during infection by fungal pathogens. In Perspectives in Plant Cell Recognition (Callow JA Green, J. R.; eds) P. 137-172, Cambridge University press, Cambridge (1992).
34. Hoch, H. C.; Staples, R. C.; Whitehead, B.; Comeau, J.; Wolf, E. D.; Signalling for growth orientation and cell differentiation by surface topography in Uromyces. Science 235, 1659-1662 (1987).
35. Gow, N. A. R.; Circulating ionic currents in micro organisms. Adv Microb Physiol 30, 89-123 (1989).
36. Gooday, G. W.; Gow, N. A. R.; Shape determination and polarity in fungal cells. In Shape and Form in Plants and Fungi,. (Ingram DS and Hudson A eds). P. 329-344 London, Academic Press (1994).
37. Lever, M. C.; Robertson, B. E. M.; Buchan, A. D. B.; Miller, P. F. P.; Gooday, G. W.; Gow, N. A. R.; pH and Ca2 + dependent galvanotropism of filamentous fungi: implications and mechanisms. Mycol Res 98, 310-306 (1994).
38. Liang, P.; Pardee, A. B.; Differential display of eukaryotic messenger RNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Science 257, 967-971 (1992).
39. Swoboda, R. K.; Bertram, G.; Delbrük, S.; Ernst, J. F.; Gow, N. A. R.; Gooday, G. W.; Brown, A. J. P.; Fluctuations in glycolytic mRNA levels during morphogenesis in Candida albicans reflect underlying changes in growth and are not a response to cellular dimorphism. Mol Microbiol 13, 663-672.
40. Gow, N. A. R.; Hube, B.; Bailey, D. A.; Schofield, D. A.; Munro, C.; Swoboda, R. K.; Bertram, G.; Westwater, C.; Broadbent, I.; Smith, R. J.; Gooday, G. W.; Brown, A. P. J.; Genes associated with dimorphism and virulence of Candida albicans. Can J Bot 73, S335-S342 (1995).
41. Swoboda, R. K.; Bertram, G.; Budge, S.; Gooday, G. W.; Gow, N. A. R.; Brown, A. J. P.; Structure and regulation of the HSP90 gene from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Infect Immun 63, 4506-4514.
42. Bertram, G.; Swoboda, R. K.; Gooday, G. W.; Gow, N. A. R.; Brown, A. J. P.; Structure and regulation of the Candida albicans ADH1 gene encoding an immunogenic alcohol dehydrogenase. Yeast 12, 115-127 (1995).
43. Hube, B.; Monod, M.; Schofield, D. A.; Brown, A. J. P.; Gow, N. A. R.; Expression of seven members of the gene family encoding secretory aspartyl proteinases in Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol 14, 87-99 (1994).
44. Hensel, M.; Shea, J. E.; Gleeson, C.; Jones, M. D.; Dalton, E.; Holden, D. W.; Simultaneous identification of bacterial virulence genes by negative selection. Science 269, 400-403 (1995).
45. Cutler, J. E.; Putative virulence factors of Candida albicans. Annu Rev Microbiol 45, 187-218 (1991).
46. Odds, F. C.; Candida species and virulence. ASM News 60, 313-318 (1994).
47. Hube, B.; Turver, C. J.; Odds, F. C.; Effert, H.; Boulnois, G. J.; Köchel, H.; Rüchel, R.; Sequence of the Candida albicans gene encoding the secretory aspartyl proteinase. J Med Vet Mycol 29, 129132 (1991).
48. Wright, R. J.; Carne, A.; Hieber, A. D.; Lamont, I. L.; Emerson, G. W.; Sullivan, P. A.; A second gene for a secreted aspartate proteinase in Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 174, 7848-7853.
49. White, T. C.; Miyasaki, S. H.; Agabian, N.; Three distinct secreted aspartyl proteinases in Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 174, 7848-7853.
50. Miyasaki, S. H.; White, T. C.; Agabian, N.; A fourth secreted aspartyl proteinase gene (SAP4) and a CARE2 repetitive element are located upstream of the of the SAP1 gene of Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 176, 1702-1710 (1994).
51. Monod, M.; Togni, G.; Hube, B.; Sanglard, D.; Multiplicity of genes encoding secreted aspartic proteinases in Candida species. Mol Microbiol 13, 357-368.
52. Lerner, C. G.; Goldman, R. C.; Stimuli that induce the production of Candida albicans aspartyl proteinase. J Gen Microbiol 139, 1643-1651 (1993).
53. Calderone, R. A.; Recognition between Candida albicans and host cells. Trends Microbiol 1, 5558 (1993).
54. Hausler, A.; Robbins, P. W.; Glycosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: cloning and characterization of an a -1, 2-mannosyltransferase structural gene. Glycobiology 2, 77~84 (1992).
55. Hausler, A.; Ballou, L.; Ballou, C. E.; Robbins, P. W.; Yeast glycoprotein biosynthesis: MNT1 encodes an a -1, 2-mannosyltransferase involved in O-glycosylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89, 6846-6850 (1992).
56. Clark, K. L.; Feldmann, P. J. F.; Dignard, D.; Larocoque, R.; Brown, A. J. P.; Lee, M.; Thomas, D. Y.; Whiteway, M.; Constitutive activation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pathway by a MAP kinase kinase from Candida albicans. Mol Gen Genet (1995), (in press).
57. Liu, H.; Styles, C. A.; Fink, G. R.; Elements of the yeast pheromone response pathway required for filamentous growth of diploids. Science 262, 1741 -1744 (1993).
58. Liu, H.; Kohler, J.; Fink, G. R.; Suppression of hyphal formation in Candida albicans by mutation of a STE12 homolog. Science 266, 1723-1726.
59. Alani, E.; Cao, L.; Kleckner, N.; A method for gene disruption that allows repeated use of URA3 selection in the construction of multiply disrupted yeast strains. Genetics 116, 541-545 (1987).
60. Fonzi, W. A.; Irwin, M. Y.; Isogenic strain construction and gene mapping in Candida albicans. Genetics 134, 717-728 (1993).
61. Gow, N. A. R.; Robbins, P. W.; Lester, J. W.; Brown, A. J. P.; Fonzi, W. A.; Chapman, T.; Kinsman, O. S.; A hyphal-specific chitin synthase gene (CHS2) is not essential for growth, dimorphism, or virulence of Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci 91, 62166220 (1994).
62. Saporito-Irwin, S. M.; Birse, C. E.; Sypherd, P. S.; Fonzi, W. A.; PHR1, a pH-regulated gene of Candida albicans, is required for morphogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 15, 601-613 (1995).
63. Birse, C. E.; Irwin, M. Y.; Fonzi, W. A.; Sypherd, P. S.; Cloning and characterization of ECE1, a gene expressed in association with cell elongation of the dimorphic pathogen Candida albicans. Infect Immun 61, 3648-3655 (1993).
64. Shrikantha, T.; Klapach, A.; Lorenz, W. W.; Tsai, L. K.; Laughlin, L. A.; Gorman, J. A.; Soil, D. R.; The sea pansey Renilla reniformis luciferase serves as a sensitive bioluminescent reporter for differential gene expression in Candida albicans. J Bacterid 178, 121-129 (1996).