Light ion driven inertial confinement fusion

Progress in Nuclear Energy

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 183-242

  Quintenz, J P ^a   Bloomquist, D D ^a   Leeper, R J ^a   Mehlhorn, T A ^a   Olson, C L ^a   Olson, R E ^a   Peterson, R R ^b   Matzen, M K ^a   Cook, D L ^a  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

^b University of Wisconsin Madison   (United States)

Author keywords

Diodes; Fusion; Hohlraums; Inertial Confinement Fusion; Light Ion Beams; Particle Beams; Power Plants; Pulsed Power

Indexed keywords

EID: 0006934180     PISSN: 01491970     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0149-1970(95)00083-V     Document Type: Article

References (161)

1. Badger, B., D. Bruggink, P. Cousseau, R. L. Engelstad, Y. M. Lee, H. Y. Khater, G. L. Kulcinski, J. J. MacFarlane, E. A. Mogahed, G. A. Moses, R. R. Peterson, S. Rutledge, M. E. Sawan, I. N. Sviatoslavsky, P. Wang, L. J. Wittenberg, C. L. Olson, and R. E. Olson (1994). LIBRA-SP, a self-consistent design of a commercial fusion power plant based on self-pinched propagation of ions. Fusion Power Associates Report FPA-94-6.
2. Bailey, J. E., A. L. Carlson, A. B. Filuk, D. J. Johnson, P. Lake, E. J. McGuire, T. A. Mehlhorn, T. D. Pointon, T. J. Renk, and Y. Maron (1994). Charged particle dynamics in the acceleration gap of the PBFA II ion diode. Proceedings of the 10th Int'l Conf. on High-Power Particle Beams (Beams '94), (W. Rix, Ed.), NTIS PB95-144317, 57-60.
3. Bailey, J., G. C. Tisone, M. J. Hurst, R. L. Morrison, and K. W. Bieg (1988). Time-resolved visible spectroscopy of laser-produced lithium plasmas. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 59, 1485-1487.
4. Basenkov, S. V., O. A. Gusev, Ju. A. Istomin, Ju. V. Koba, G. M. Latmanizova, A. M. Pasechnikov, B. P. Pevchev, O. P. Pecherski, A. S. Perlin, L. I. Rudakov, V. P. Smirnov, V. I. Chetvertkov, I. R. Jampol'skii (1979). Accelerator Module of Angara-5. Proc. 2nd IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Lubbock, TX, 25-30.
5. Bloomquist, D. D., R. W. Stinnett, D. H. McDaniel, J. R. Lee, A. W. Sharpe, J. A. Halbleib, L. G. Schlitt, P. W. Spence, and P. Corcoran (1987). SATURN, A large area x-ray simulation accelerator. Proc. 6th IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Arlington, VA, 310-317.
6. Blount, M. and J. A. Panitz (1994). Temporal response of a lithium nitrate electrohydrodynamic ion source. Appl. Phys. Lett., 64, 2175-2177.
7. Bluhm, H., P. Hoppé, M. Althaus, H. Bachmann, W. Bauer, K. Baumung, L. Buth, H. U. Karow, H. Laqua, D. Rusch, E. Stein O. Stotz (1992a). Focusing properties of a strongly insulated applied-Br-proton diode with a preformed anode plasma source. Proc. of the 9th Int'l Conf. on High-Power Particle Beams (Beams '92), (D. Mosher and G. Cooperstein, Eds.), NTIS PB92-206168, 51-67.
8. Bluhm, H., P. Hoppé, H. P. Laqua, and D. Rusch (1992b). Production and investigation of TW proton beams from an annular diode using strong radial magnetic insulation fields and a preformed anode plasma source. Proc. of the IEEE, 80, 995-1009.
9. Boller, J. R., J. K. Burton and J. D. Shipman, Jr. (1979). Status of the upgraded version of the NRL Gamble H pulse power generator. 2nd IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Lubbock, TX., 205-208
10. Bystritskii, V. M., and A. N. Didenko (1989). High-power ion beams. AIP, New York.
11. Child, C.D. (1911). Discharge from hot CAO. Phys. Rev., 32, 492-511.
12. Church B. W. and R. N. Sudan, (1992). Electron flow in positive-polarity multi-gap inductive accelerators. Proceedings of the 9th Int'l Conf. on High-Power Particle Beams (Beams '92), (D. Mosher and G. Cooperstein, Eds.), NTIS PB92-206168, 1795-1800.
13. Cooperstein, G., S. A. Goldstein, D. Mosher, R. J. Barker, J. R. Boller, D. G. Colombant, A. Drobot, R. A. Meger, W. F. Oliphant, P. L. Ottinger, F. L. Sandel, S. J. Stephanakis, and F. C. Young (1981). NRL light ion beam research for inertial confinement fusion. Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena, 5, (J. J. Schwartz, H. Hora, M. Lubin and B. Yaakobi, Eds., Plenum, NY), 105-133.
14. Cooperstein, G., S. A. Goldstein, R. A. Meger, D. Mosher, W. F. Oliphant, F. L. Sandel, S. J. Stephanakis, F. C. Young, and H. U. Karow (1981). Light ion production and focusing with pinch-reflex diodes. Proceedings of the 4th Int'l Topical Conf. on High-Power Electron and Ion-Beam Research and Tech. (Beams '81), (H. J. Doucet and J. M. Buzzi, Eds., available from Laboratorie de Physique des Milieux Ionises, Ecole Polytechnique - 91128 Palaiseau, France), 53-60.
15. Creedon, J. M. (1975). Relativistic Brillouin flow in the high υ/γ diode, J. Appl. Phys., 46, 2946-2955.
16. Creedon, J. M. (1977). Magnetic cutoff in high-current diodes. J. Appl. Phys., 48, 1070-1077.
17. Day, R. H., P. Lee, E. B. Saloman, and D. J. Nagel (1981). Photoelectric quantum efficiencies and filter window absorption coefficients from 20 eV to 10 keV. J. Appl. Phys., 52, 6965-6973.
18. Degnan, J. H. (1979). Fast, large-signal, free standing foil bolometer for measuring ultrasoft x-ray burst fluence. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 50, 1223-1226.
19. Derzon, M. S., A. B. Filuk, J. Pantuso, R. J. Dukart, R. Olson, T. Barber, M. Bernard (1993). Development and characterization of a time-, position-, and energy-resolved x-ray diagnostic for PBFA II target experiments. SPIE International Symposium On Optical Instrumentation And Applied Science, SPIE, 2002, 31-41.
20. Desjarlais, M. P. (1987). Impedance characteristics of applied-B ion diodes. Phys. Rev. Lett., 59, 2295-2298.
21. Desjarlais, M. P. (1989). Theory of applied-B ion diodes. Phys. Fluids B, 1, 1709-1720.
22. Desjarlais, M. P., T. D. Pointon, D. B. Seidel, R. S. Coats, M. L. Kiefer, J. P. Quintenz, S. A. Slutz (1991). Evolution and control of ion-beam divergence in applied-B diodes. Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 3094-3097.
23. Dreike, P. L. and G. C. Tisone (1986). Production and diagnosis of a lithium anode plasma source for intense ion beam diodes. J. Appl. Phys., 59, 371-377.
24. Dreike, P., C. Eichenberger, S. Humphries, and R. N. Sudan (1976). Production of intense proton fluxes in a magnetically insulated diode. J. Appl. Phys., 47, 85-87.
25. Duderstadt, J. J. and G. A. Moses (1982). Inertial Confinement Fusion. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
26. Emmett, J. L., J. Nuckolls and L. Wood (1974). Fusion power by laser implosion. Sci. Am., 230, 24-37.
27. Filuk, A. B., T. A. Mehlborn, R. G. Adams, G. O. Allshouse, J. H. Aubert, L. D. Bacon, J. E. Bailey, D. D. Bloomquist, J. Boyes, G. A. Chandler, R. S. Coats, D. L. Cook, J. T. Crow, M. E. Cuneo, M. S. Derzon, M. P. Desjarlais, R. J. Dukart, D. L. Fehl, R. A. Gerber, T. A. Haill, D. L. Hanson, D. R. Humphreys, H. C. Ives, D. J. Johnson, M. L. Kiefer, R. J. Leeper, R. W. Lemke, T. R. Lockner, J. E. Maenchen, M. K. Matzen, M. G. Mazarakis, D. H. McDaniel, E. J. McGuire, C. W. Mendel Jr., P. R. Menge, L. P. Mix, A. R. Moats, T. J. Nash, C. L. Olson, R. E. Olson, T. D. Pointon, J. L. Porter, J. W. Poukey, J. P. Quintenz, T. J. Renk, G. E. Rochau, S. E. Rosenthal, D. C. Rovang, C. L. Ruiz, D. B. Seidel, I. R. Shokair, S. A. Slutz, D. L. Smith, R. W. Stinnett, W. A. Stygar, M. A. Sweeney, and G. C. Tisone, (1995). Progress in ion beam power coupling and ion-driven hohlraums on PBFA II. Proceedings of the I. A. E. A. Technical Committee Meeting on Drivers for Inertial Confinement Fusion (J. Coutant, Ed.), ISBN 2-7272-0178-8, 233-241.
28. Freeman, J. R., J. W. Poukey, S. L. Shope, and G. Yonas (1975). Relativistic electron beam device. U. S. Patent No. 3,892,970.
29. Fusion Energy Advisory Committee (1993). U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research, DOE/ER-0594T, June 1993. (Available from NTIS, U. S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161.)
30. Gerber, R. A., K. W. Bieg, P. L. Dreike, P. F. McKay, A. L. Pregenzer, G. C. Tisone J. R. Woodworth (1990). Ion sources for light-ion fusion. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 61, 511-516.
31. Goldstein, S. A. and R. Lee (1975). Ion-induced pinch and the enhancement of ion current by pinched electron flow in relativistic diodes. Phys. Rev. Lett., 35, 1079-1082.
32. Goldstein, S. A., G. Cooperstein, R. Lee, D. Mosher and S. J. Stephanakis (1978). Phys. Rev. Lett., 40, 1504-1507.
33. Greenly, J. B., L. Brissette, A. Dunning, S. C. Glidden, D. A. Hammer, and W. A. Noonan (1990). Plasma-anode ion diode research at Cornell: repetitive-pulse, and 0.1 TW single-pulse experiments. Proc. 8th Int. Conf. on High Power Particle Beams, Novosibirsk, 1990 (World Scientific), 199-206.
34. Greenly, J. B., M. Ueda, G. D. Rondeau D. A. Hammer (1988). Magnetically insulated ion diode with a gas-breakdown plasma anode. J. Appl. Phys., 63, 1872-1876.
35. Haan, S. W. (1994). Design and modeling of ignition targets for the national ignition facility. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 39, 1635.
36. Hamil, R. A., L. O. Seamons, R. A. Gerber, R. G. Adams, J. R. Woodworth, R. S. Blackburn, and W. C. Sweatt (1985). Laser-trigger system design for PBFA II Proc. 5th IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Albuquerque, NM, 807-810.
37. Hammel, B. A., D. W. Phillion, and L. E. Ruggles (1990). Demonstration of reduced source size broadening with a Johann focusing elliptical spectrograph and theory of the second-order source broadening. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 61, 1920-1925.
38. Hanson, D. L. (1984). Users' guide to the SNL bolometer. Sandia National Laboratories (unpublished).
39. Hawryluk, R. (1994). Review of recent D-T experiments from TFTR. Proc. of 15th Int'l Conf. on Plasma Phys. and Controlled Nuc. Fusion Research, to be published.
40. Henshelwood, D. D. (1992). Development of Wall-Stabelizer Z-Discharges for Intense Ion Beam Transport in Inertial Confinement Fusion Facilities. J. Appl. Phys., 72, 4581.
41. Humphries, S., J. J. Lee, and R. N. Sudan (1974). Generation of intense pulsed ion beams. Appl. Phys. Lett., 25, 20-22.
42. Humphries, S., J. J. Lee, and R. N. Sudan (1975). Advances in the efficient generation of intense pulsed proton beams. J. Appl. Phys., 46, 187-192.
43. Humphries, S., R. N. Sudan, and L. Wiley (1976). Extraction and focusing of intense ion beams from a magnetically insulated diode. J. Appl. Phys., 41, 2382-2390.
44. Humphries, S., J. (1980). Intense pulsed ion beams for fusion applications. Nucl. Fus., 20, 1549-1612.
45. Imasaki, K., S. Miyamoto, T. Ozaki, S. Higaki, S. Nakai, and C. Yamanaka (1981). Power Transport of Ion Beam on the Fusion Research at ILE OSAKA. Proc. 3rd IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Albuquerque, NM, 2-7.
46. Imasaki, K., C. Yamanaka, S. Miayamoto, K. Yasuike, N. Shirai, S. Nakai, T. Aoki S. Kawata (1992). Multistage ion accelerator for inertial fusion energy. Proc. of the 9th Int'l Conf. on High-Power Particle Beams (Beams '92), (D. Mosher and G. Cooperstein, Eds.), NTIS PB92-206168, 76-87.
47. Johnson, D. J., A. V. Farnsworth, D. L. Fehl, R. J. Leeper, and G. W. Kuswa (1979b). A dual-current magnetically insulated light-ion diode. J. Appl. Phys., 50, 4524-4531.
48. Johnson, D. J., E. J. T. Burns, A. V. Farnsworth, Jr., R. J. Leeper, J. P. Quintenz, K. W. Bieg, P. L. Dreike, D. L. Fehl, J. R. Freeman, and F. C. Perry (1982). A radial ion diode for generating intense focused proton beams. J. Appl. Phys., 52, 4579-4596.
49. Johnson, D. J., G. W. Kuswa, A. V. Farnsworth, J. P. Quintenz, R. J. Leeper, E. J. T. Burns (1979a). Production of 0.5 TW proton pulses with a spherical focusing magnetically insulated diode. Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 610-613.
50. Johnson, D. J., J. P. Quintenz and M. A. Sweeney (1985). Electron and ion kinetics and anode plasma formation in two applied-Br field ion diodes. J. Appl. Phys., 57, 794-805.
51. Johnson, D. J., P. L. Dreike, S. A. Slutz, R. J. Leeper, E. J. T. Burns, and J. R. Freeman (1983). Applied-B field ion diode studies at 3.5 TW. J. Appl. Phys., 54, 2230-2241.
52. Johnson, D. J., R. J. Leeper, W. A. Stygar, R. S. Coats, T. A. Mehlhorn, J. P. Quintenz, S. A. Slutz, and M. A. Sweeney (1985). Time-resolved proton focus of a high-power ion diode. J. Appl. Phys., 58, 12-27.
53. Johnson, D. L., K. W. Reed, H. C. Harjes, C. R. McClenahan, K. J. Penn, G. E. Laderach, G. J. Weber, P. D. Kiekel, L. E. Martinez, G. A. Mann, R. W. Wavrik, D. Muirhead, D. VanDe Valde, J. L. Adcock, M. E. Butler, G. E. Peña, J. Flores, and E. L. Neau (1993). Results of initial testing of the four stage RHEPP accelerator. Proc. 9th IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Albuquerque, NM, June 1993, 437-440.
54. Kapetanakos, C. A., J. Golden, and F. C. Young (1975).Generation of p-layers. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 20, 583-584.
55. Kikuchi, M. (1994). Recent JT-60U results towards steady state operation of tokamak. Proc. of 15th Int'l Conf. on Plasma Phys. and Controlled Nuc. Fusion Research, to be published.
56. Kornblum, H. N., R. L. Kauffman, and J. A. Smith (1986). Measurement of 0.1-3-keV x rays from laser plasmas. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 52, 2179-2181.
57. Kulcinski, G. L., G. A. Moses, J. Sapp, M. E. Sawan, I. N. Sviatoslavsky, D. K. See, and W. F. Vogelsang (1981). The INPORT concept - An improved method to protect ICF reactor first walls. J. Nucl. Matls., 102 & 104, 103-108.
58. Kulcinski, G. L., R. L. Engelstad, E. G. Lovell, J. J. MacFarlane, E. A. Mogahed, G. A. Moses, R. R. Peterson, S. Rutledge, M. E. Sawan, I. N. Sviatoslavsky, G. Sviatoslavsky, and L. J. Wittenberg (1991). LIBRA-LiTE: A 1000 MWe Reactor. J. Fusion Energy, 10, 337-344.
59. Kulcinski, G. L., R. R. Peterson, G. A. Moses, D. Bruggink, P. Cousseau, R. L. Engelstad, Y. M. Lee, H. Y. Khater, E. G. Lovell, J. J. MacFarlane, E. A. Mogahed, S. Rutledge, M. E. Sawan, I. N. Sviatoslavsky, P. Wang, and L. J. Wittenberg (1994). Evolution of light ion driven fusion power plants leading to the LIBRA-SP design. Fusion Technology, 26, 849-856.
60. Laboratory Microfusion Capability Study: Phase II Report (1993). U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Inertial Fusion, DOE/DP-0017, May 1993. (Available from NTIS, U. S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161.)
61. Leeper, R. J. (1986a). Nuclear Reaction Diagnostics For Intense Particle Beam Measurements. Proceedings Of The NATO Advanced Study Institute On Fast Electrical And Optical Diagnostic Principles And Techniques (J. E. Thompson and L. H. Luessen, editors), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Netherlands Vol. 1, p. 263-315.
62. Leeper, R. J. (1989a). New diagnostic developments for intense ion beam experiments. Laser and Particle Beams, 7, 649-663.
63. Leeper, R. J., J. R. Lee, L. Kissel, D. J. Johnson, And W. A. Stygar (1986b). Particle analyzer diagnostics for intense particle beam measurements. Proceedings Of The NATO Advanced Study Institute On Fast Electrical And Optical Diagnostic Principles And Techniques (J. E. Thompson and L. H. Luessen, editors), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Netherlands, 1, 317-349.
64. Leeper, R. J., J. R. Lee, L. Kissel, D. J. Johnson, W. A. Stygar, and D. E. Hebron (1986c). Direct Measurement Of The Energy Spectrum Of An Intense Proton Beam. J. Appl. Phys. 6 0, 4059-4063.
65. 8Be. Nucl. Instru. and Meth., B24/25, 695-697.
66. Leeper, R. J., W. A. Stygar, J. Maenchen, C. L. Ruiz, R. P. Kensek, D. J. Johnson, T. R. Locker, J. Bailey, G. Cooper, J. R. Lee, T. A. Mehlhorn, L. P. Mix, and R. W. Stinnett (1988). Intense ion beam diagnostics for particle beam fusion experiments on PBFA II. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59, 1860-1865.
67. Leeper, R. J., W. A. Stygar, J. Maenchen, C. L. Ruiz, R. P. Kensek, D. J. Johnson, T. R. Locker, J. Bailey, G. Cooper, J. R. Lee, T. A. Mehlborn, L. P. Mix, and R. W. Stinnett (1988a). Intense ion beam diagnostics for particle beam fusion experiments on PBFA II. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 59, 1860-1865.
68. Leeper, R. J., W. A. Stygar, J. Maenchen, C. L. Ruiz, R. P. Kensek, J. Bailey, G. Cooper, D. J. Johnson, J. R. Lee, T. R. Lockner, T. A. Mehlborn, L. P. Mix, and R. W. Stinnett (1989b). Integrated diagnostic package for intense proton and lithium beam measurements on Sandia National Laboratories' PBFA II Accelerator. Nucl. Instr. and Meth., B40/41, 973-977.
69. Leeper, R. J., W. A. Stygar, J. Maenchen, J. E. Bailey, G. T. Baldwin, D. D. Bloomquist, A. L. Carlson, G. Chandler, C. E. Crist, G. Cooper, M. S. Derzon, R. J. Dukart, D. L. Fehl, D. E. Hebron, D. J. Johnson, R. P. Kensek, C. O. Landron, J. R. Lee, T. R. Lockner, C. R. Mattson, M. K. Matzen, T. A. Mehlhorn, L. P. Mix, D. J. Muron, T. Nash, W. E. Nelson, P. Reyes, P. Rockett, C. L. Ruiz, A. Schmidlapp, R. W. Stinnett, B. Sujka and D. F. Wenger (1991). Intense ion beam diagnostics for light ion inertial fusion experiments on PBFA II. Proceedings Of Diagnostics For Contemporary Fusion Experiments Course and Workshop, Varenna Int'l School Of Plasma Physics, Varenna, Italy, 1051-1058.
70. Leeper, R. J., W. A. Stygar, R. P. Kensek, J. R. Lee, D. J. Johnson, T. R. Lockner, J. Maenchen, D. E. Hebron, and D. F. Wenger (1988b). Rutherford magnetic spectrograph for intense ion beam measurements on PBFA II. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 52, 1700-1702.
71. Lemke, R. W. and S. A. Slutz (1995). A full mode set electromagnetic stability analysis of magnetically insulated ion diodes. Phys. Plasmas, to be published.
72. Lockner, T., S. A. Slutz, J. W. Poukey and W. A. Stygar (1993). Theoretical and experimental studies of the 2-stage ion diode. IEEE Conference on Plasma Science, Piscataway, NJ, 74.
73. Lockner, T., S. A. Slutz, M. Desjarlais and J. W. Poukey (1994). Results of the first 2-stage diode experiments on PBFA II. Proceedings of the 10th Int'l Conf. on High-Power Particle Beams (Beams '94), (W. Rix, Ed.), NTIS PB95-144317, 61-64.
74. Lovelace, R. V. and E. Ott (1974). Theory of magnetic insulation. Phys. Fluids, 17, 1263-1268.
75. Maenchen, J., T. A. Mehlhorn, D. F. Wenger, R. J. Leeper, D. J. Johnson, and T. R. Lockner (1988). Intense ion beam K-alpha measurements on PBFA II. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 59, 1706-1708.
76. Maron, Y. L. Perelmutter, E. Sand, M. E. Foord, and M. Sarfaty (1990). Spectroscopic determination of particle fluxes and charge-state distributions in a pulsed-diode plasma. Phys. Rev. A, 41, 1074-1095.
77. Martin, J. C. (Charlie) (1992). Nanosecond pulse techniques. Proc. IEEE, 80, 934-945.
78. Martin, T. H., B. N. Turman, S. A. Goldstein, J. M. Wilson, D. L. Cook, D. H. McDaniel, E. L. Burgess, G. E. Rochau, E. L. Neau, and D. R. Humphrey (1987). PBFA II, the pulsed power characterization phase. Proc. 6th IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Aldington, VA, 225-232.
79. Martin, T. H., J. P. VanDevender, G. W. Barr, S. A. Goldstein, R. A. White, and J. F. Seamen (1981). Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator-I (PBFA-I). IEEE Trans. Nuclear Science, NS-28, 3365-3369.
80. Matthews, D. L, P. L. Hagelstein, M. D. Rosen, M. J. Eckart, N. M. Ceglio, A. U. Hazi, H. Medecki, B. J. MacGowan, J. E. Trebes, B. L. Whitten, E. M. Campbell, C. W. Hatcher, A. M. Hawryluk, R. L. Kauffman, L. D. Pleasance, G. Rambach, J. H. Scofield, G. Stone, and T. A. Weaver (1985). Demonstration of a soft x-ray amplifier. Phys. Rev. Lett., 54, 110-113.
81. Mehlhorn, T. A., J. E. Bailey, G. A. Chandler, R. S. Coats, M. E. Cuneo, M. S. Derzon, M. P. Desjarlais, R. J. Dukart, A. B. Filuk, T. A. Haill, H. C. Ives, D. J. Johnson, R. J. Leeper, T. R. Lockner, C. W. Mendel, P. R. Menge, L. P. Mix, A. R. Moats, W. B. Moore, T. D. Pointon, J. W. Poukey, J. P. Quintenz, S. E. Rosenthal, D. Rovang, C. L. Ruiz, S. A. Slutz, W. A. Stygar and D. F. Wenger (1994). Progress in lithium beam power, divergence, and intensity at Sandia National Laboratories. Proceedings of the 10th Int'l Conf. on High-Power Particle Beams (Beams '94), (W. Rix, Ed.), NTIS PB95-144317, 53-56.
82. Mendel, C. W. Jr., (1983). Analytic theory of series field coil ion diodes. Phys. Rev. A, 27, 3258-3273.
83. Mendel, C. W. Jr. and G. S. Mills, (1982). Performance of a plasma-filled, series-field-coil ion beam diode. J. Appl. Phys., 53, 7265-7273.
84. Mendel, C. W. Jr., J. P. Quintenz, L. P. Mix, D. M. Zagar, R. L. Noack, T. Grasser and J. A. Webb (1987). 15-cm hybrid ion diode on PBFA-I. J. Appl. Phys., 62, 3522-3534.
85. Mendel, C. W., Jr., (1979). Planar one-dimensional magnetically insulated electron flow for arbitrary canonical momentum distribution. J. Appl. Phys., 50, 3830-3837.
86. Mendel, C. W., Jr., and S. E. Rosenthal, (1994). Modeling magnetically insulated transmission line systems using flow impedance. Proceedings of the 10th Int'l Conf. on High-Power Particle Beams (Beams '94). (W. Rix, Ed.), NTIS PB95-144317, 276-279.
87. Mendel, C. W., Jr., and S. E. Rosenthal, (1995). Modeling magnetically insulated devices using flow impedance flow impedance. Phys. Plasmas, 2, 1332-1342.
88. Mendel, C. W., Jr., D. B. Seidel, and S. A. Slutz, (1983). A general theory of magnetically insulated electron flow. Phys. Fluids, 26, 3628-3635.
89. Mendel, C. W., Jr., D. B. Seidel, and S. E. Rosenthal, (1983). A simple theory of magnetic insulation from basic physical considerations. Laser Part. Beams, 1, 311-320.
90. Mendel, C. W., Jr., J. A. Swegle, and D. B. Seidel, (1985). Stability of magnetically insulated electron flow. Phys. Rev. A, 32, 1091-1097.
91. Mendel, C. W., Jr., S. E. Rosenthal, and D. B. Seidel, (1992). Low-pressure relativistic electron flow. Phys. Rev. A, 45, 5854-5865.
92. Mix, L. P., W. A. Stygar, R. J. Leeper, J. E. Maenchen, and D. F. Wenger (1992). Time-resolved measurements of the focused ion beams on PBFA II. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 63, 4863-4865.
93. Moats, A. R., M. S. Derzon, G. A. Chandler, R. J. Dukart, T. A. Haill (1995). PBFA II lithium beam characterization from inner-shell x-ray images. Accepted for Publication in Rev. Sci. Instrum.
94. Morel, J. E., J. M. McGhee, and E. W. Larsen, (1995). A 3-D time-dependent unstructured tetrahedral mesh SPn method. Proceeding of the International Conference on Mathematics and Computations, Reactor Physics, and Environmental Analyses, Portland, Oregon, April 30-May 4, 2, 887.
95. Moses, G. A., G. L. Kulcinski, D. Bruggink, R. L. Engelstad, E. G. Lovell, J. J. MacFarlane, Z. Musicki, R. R. Peterson, M. E. Sawan, I. N. Sviatoslavsky, L. J. Wittenberg, G. Kessler, U. Von Mollendorf, E. Stein, I. Smith, P. Corcoran, H. Nishimoto, J. Fockler, D. Cook and R. E. Olson (1989). LIBRA - A light ion beam inertial confinement fusion reactor conceptual design. Laser and Particle Beams, 7, 721-731.
96. Mosher, D., D. D. Hensehlwood, J. M. Neri, P. F. Ottinger, J. Watrous, C. L. Olson, and T. A. Mehlhorn (1990). Ion Transport for LMF. Proc. 8th Int. Conf. High-Power Particle Beams (Navosebersk, USSR, July, 1990), p. 26.
97. Neau, E. L. (1994). Environmental and industrial applications of pulsed power systems. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 22, 2-10.
98. Neri, J. M., P. F. Ottinger, D. V. Rose, P. J. Goodrich, D. D. Hinshelwood, D. Mosher, S. J. Stephanakis, and F. C. Young (1993). Intense ion-beam-transport experiments using a z-discharge plasma channel. Phys. Fluids B, 5, 176-189.
99. Oliver, B. V. (1995). EMHD Plasma Response to Intense Ion Beam Injection for Solenoidal Lens Focusing and Ion Ring Formation. Ph.D. dissertqation, Cornell University, Ithica, N.Y.
100. Olson, C. L., (1982). Ion Beam Propagation and Focusing. J. Fusion Energy, 1, 309-339.
101. Olson, C. L., (1989). Achromatic magnetic lens system for high current ion beams. 1988 Linear Accelerator Conf. Proc., CEBAF, Newport News, Virginia, CEBAF-Report-89-001, June 1989, p. 34-37. (Avail. from NTIS, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Read, Springfield, VA 22161).
102. Olson, C. L., D. D. Hinshelwood, R. F. Hubbard, M. Lampe, J. M. Neri, P. F. Ottinger, J. W. Poukey, D. V. Rose, S. P. Slinker, S. J. Stephanakis, D. R. Welch, and F. C. Young (1993). Physics of gas breakdown for ion beam transport. 11 Nuevo Cimento 106A, 1705-1711.
103. Olson, C. L., M. E. Cuneo, M. P. Desjarlais, A. B. Filuk, J. B. Greenly, D. L. Hanson, D. D. Hinshelwood, R. F. Hubbard, M. Lampe, T. R. Lockner, J. E. Maenchen, M. G. Mazarakis, C. W. Mendel, Jr., P. R. Menge, D. Mosher, T. J. Nash, J. M. Neri, W. Noonan, B. V. Oliver, J. C. Olson, R. E. Olson, P. F. Ottinger, R. R. Peterson, T. D. Pointon, J. W. Poukey, J. P. Quintenz, D. V. Rose, T. W. L. Sanford, S. P. Slinker, S. A. Slutz, J. R. Smith, S. J. Stephanakis, D. W. Welch, and F. C. Young (1994a). LIF standoff research. Proceedings of the 10th Int'l Conf. on High-Power Particle Beams (Beams '94), (W. Rix, Ed.), NTIS PB95-144317, 104-111.
104. Olson, C. L., J. P. Quintenz, R. O. Bangerter, B. Grant Logan, and J. D. Lindl (1994b). ICF driver strategies for IFE. IAEA Technical Committee Meeting on Drivers for Inertial Fusion, Paris, France, November 14-18, 1994. Proc., to be published.
105. Olson, J. (1994). Multiple Magnetic Lens System for Focusing Intense Ion Beams. Ph. D. dissertation, Cornell University, Ithica, NY.
106. Olson, R. E., G. O. Allshouse, D. L. Cook, T. R. Lockner, M. G. Mazarakis, C. L. Olson, and D. L. Smith (1993). The light ion LMF and its relevance to IFE. Proc. 15th IEEE Symp. on Fusion Engineering, October 11-15, 1993, Hyannis, MA, 1, 189-193.
107. Olson, R. E., M. G. Mazarakis, and C. L. Olson (1994). The light ion beam approach to ICF energy production. Fusion Tech. 26, 922-925.
108. Ottinger, P. F., D. V. Rose, and C. L. Olson (1994). Effect of Time-of-Flight Bunching on Efficiency of Light Ion Beam Inertial Confinement Fusion Transport Schemes. J. Appl. Phys. 75, 4402.
109. Ottinger, P. F., P. J. Goodrich, D. D. Henshelwood, D. Mosher, J. M. Neri, D. V. Rose, S. J. Stephanakis, and F. C. Young (1992a). Transport of Intense Light Ion Beams, Proc. IEEE 80, 1010.
110. Ottinger, P. F., D. V. Rose, D. Mosher, and J. M. Neri (1991). Z-discharge transport of intense ion beams for inertial confinement fusion. J. Appl. Phys., 70, 5292-5305.
111. Ottinger, P. F., D. V. Rose, J. M. Neri, and C. L. Olson (1992b). Ballistic transport and solenoidal focusing of intense ion beams for inertial confinement fusion. J. Appl. Phys., 72, 395-404.
112. Phillion, D. (1994). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, private communication.
113. Pointon, T. D., M. P. Desjarlais, D. B. Seidel, S. A. Slutz, R. S. Coats, M. L. Kiefer and J. P. Quintenz (1994). Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of applied-B ion diodes. Phys. Plasmas, 1, 429-443.
114. Poukey, J. W. (1975). Ion effects in relativistic diodes. Appl. Phys. Lett., 26, 145-146.
115. Poukey, J. W., J. R. Freeman, M. J. Clauser and G. Yonas (1975). Focussed intense ion beams using self-pinched relativistic electron beams. Phys. Rev. Lett., 35, 1806-1808.
116. Pregenzer, A. L. (1985). Electrohydrodynamically driven, large-area liquid metal ion sources. J. Appl. Phys., 58, 4509-11.
117. Prono, D. S., J. M. Creedon, I. Smith, and N. Bergstrom (1975). Multiple reflections of electrons and the possibility of intense positive ion flow in high υ/γ diodes. J. Appl. Phys., 46, 3310-3319.
118. Quintenz, J. P., D. B. Seidel, M. L. Kiefer, T. D. Pointon, R. S. Coats, S. E. Rosenthal, T. A. Mehlhorn, M. P. Desjarlais, and N. A. Krall (1994). Simulation codes for light-ion diode modeling. Laser Part. Beams, 12, 283-324.
119. Quintenz, J. P., M. P. Desjarlais, T. D. Pointon, S. A. Slutz, D. B. Seidel, T. A. Mehlhorn, R. S. Coats, M. L. Kiefer, N. A. Krall, L. D. Bacon and W. A. Johnson (1992). Theory of Instability-Generated Divergence of Intense Ion Beams from applied-B Ion Diodes. Proc. of the IEEE, 80, 971-984.
120. Ramirez, J. J., K. R. Prestwich, and Ian D. Smith (1992). high-power, short-pulsed generators based on induction voltage adders. Proc. IEEE, 80, 946-957.
121. Ramirez, J. J., K. R. Prestwich, D. L. Johnson, J. P. Corley, G. J. Denison, J. A. Alexander, T. L. Franklin, P. J. Pankuch, T. W. L. Sanford, T. J. Sheridan, L. L. Torrison, and G. A. Zawadzkas (1989). Performance of the Hermes-III gamma ray simulator. Proc. 7th IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Monterey, CA, 26-31.
122. Ron, A., A. A. Mondelli, and N. Rostoker, (1973). Equilibria for magnetic insulation. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., PS-1, 85-92.
123. Rondeau, G. (1989). Studies of an Extractor Geometry Magnetically Insulated Ion Diode With an Exploding Metal Anode Plasma Source. Ph. D. Thesis, Cornell University.
124. Rose, D. V., P. F. Ottinger, and C. L. Olson (1995). Transport Efficiency Studies for Light Ion Inertial Confinement Fusion Systems Using Ballistic Transport and Solenoidal Lens Focusing. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 23, 163.
125. Rosenthal, S. E (1991). Characterization of electron flow in negative- and positive-polarity linear-induction accelerators. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 19, 822-830.
126. Rosenthal, S. E. (1991). Characterization of electron flow in negative- and positive-polarity linear-induction accelerators. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 12, 822-830.
127. Rosenthal, S. E. (1993). Improving power flow in multiple-cathode magnetically insulated transmission lines. Proc. IEEE Int'l. Conf. on Plasma Sci., Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 1993, 209.
128. θ-insulated ion diode. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 62, 168-177.
129. Schneider, L. X, G. J. Lockwood (1985). Engineering high reliability, low-jitter Marx generators. Proc. 5th IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Albuquerque, NM, 780-783.
130. Slutz, S. A. (1992). Ion divergence generated by nonuniform current density of intense ion beams. Phys. Fluids, B, 4, 2645-2651.
131. Slutz, S. A. and M. P. Desjarlais (1990). Theory of multistage intense ion-beam acceleration. J. Appl. Phys., 67, 6705-6717.
132. Slutz, S. A. and W. A. Johnson (1992). The effect of a virtual cathode on the electromagnetic stability of high-power ion diodes. Phys. Fluids, B, 4, 1349-1359.
133. Slutz, S. A., J. W. Poukey and T. D. Pointon (1994). Simulations of magnetically insulated multistage ion diodes. Phys. Plasmas, 1, 2072-2081.
134. Slutz, S. A., T. A. Mehlhorn, J. E. Maenchen, C. Ruiz and J. R. Woodworth (1987). Impedance control of applied-B ion diodes. J. Appl. Phys., 62, 16-22.
135. Smith, D. L., M. G. Mazarakis, L. F. Bennett, T. R. Lockner, R. E. Olson, G. O. Allshouse, J. D. Boyes (1993). A pulsed power design for the linear inductive accelerator modules for the Laboratory Microfusion Facility. Proc. 9th IEEE Int'l Pulsed Power Conf., Albuquerque, NM, 419-422.
136. Spielman, R. B. and J. P. Anthes (1981). A study of bare aluminum x-ray diode saturation due to a high fluence x-ray pulse. American Institute of Physics Conference Proceeding No. 75, 278-279.
137. Stephanakis, S. J., D. Mosher, G. Cooperstein, J. R. Boller, J. Golden and S. A. Goldstein (1976). Production of intense proton beams in pinched-electron-beam diodes. Phys. Rev. Lett., 37, 1543-1546.
138. Stinnett, R. W., R. G. Buchheit, F. A. Greulich, C. R. Hills, A. C. Kilgo, D. C. McIntyre, J. B. Greenly, M. O. Thompson, G. P. Johnston and D. J. Rej (1994). Thermal surface treatment using intense, pulsed ion beams. Met. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 316, 521-527.
139. Stinnett, R. W., T. A. Green, D. J. Johnson, T. R. Lockner, T. A. Mehlhorn, J .E. Bailey, A. B. Filuk, L. P. Mix, J. Panitz and P. Schwoebel (1992). LiF ion source performance on PBFA II. Proceedings of the 9th Int'l Conf. on High-Power Particle Beams (Beams '92), (D. Mosher and G. Cooperstein, Eds.), NTIS PB92-206168, 788-793.
140. Stork, D. (1994). The new experimental phase of JET and projects for future operation. Proc. of 15th Int'l Conf. on Plasma Phys. and Controlled Nuc. Fusion Research, to be published.
141. Stygar, W. A., L. P. Mix, and R. J. Leeper (1991). Optimized Rutherford-scattering geometries for intense ion-beam diagnostics. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 62, 1527-1530.
142. Slygar, W. A., L. P. Mix, R. J. Leeper, J. Maenchen, D. F. Wenger, C. R. Mattson, and D. J. Muron (1992) Ion movie camera for particle-beam-fusion experiments. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 63, 4860-4862.
143. Stygar, W. A., R. J. Leeper, L. P. Mix, E. R. Brock, J. E. Bailey, D. E. Hebron, D. J. Johnson, T. R. Lockner, J. Maenchen, T. A. Mehlhorn, and P. Reyes (1988). Multiframe ion pinhole camera for intense ion beam transport and focusing experiments. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 59, 1703-1705.
144. Sudan, R. N. and D. W. Longcope (1993). Ion beam divergence from unstable fluctuations in applied-B diodes. Phys. Fluids, 5, 1614-1624.
145. Swain, D. W., L. P. Mix, L. W. Kruse and J. W. Poukey (1977). Measurement of large ion currents in a pinched relativistic electron beam diode. J. Appl. Phys., 48, 118-124.
146. Swegle, J. (1983). Stability of relativistic laminar flow equilibria for electrons drifting in crossed fields. Phys. Fluids, 26, 1670-1677.
147. Tisone, G. C., T. J. Renk, D. J. Johnson, R. A. Gerber and R. G. Adams (1992). Laser formation of lithium plasma ion sources for applied-B diodes on the PBFA II accelerator. Proceedings of the 9th Int'l Conf. on High-Power Particle Beams (Beams '92), (D. Mosher and G. Cooperstein, Eds.), NTIS PB92-206168, 800-805.
148. Turman, B. N., J. F. Seamen, E. L. Neau, and D. R. Humphreys (1984). Development of the pulse compression section for PBFA II. IEEE Conf. Record of 16th Power Modulator Symposium, Arlington, VA, 195-199.
149. Turman, B. N., T. H. Martin, E. L. Neau, D. R. Humphreys, D. D. Bloomquist, D. L. Cook, S. A. Goldstein, L. X. Schneider, D. H. McDaniel, J. M. Wilson, R. A. Hamil, G. W. Barr, and J. P. VanDevender (1985). PBFA II, a 100 TW pulsed power driver for the inertial confinement fusion program. Proc. 5th IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Albuquerque, NM, 155-161.
150. VanDevender, J. P. (1979). Long self-magnetically insulated power transport experiments. J. Appl. Phys., 50, 3928-3934.
151. VanDevender, J. P. and D. L. Cook (1986). Inertial Confinement Fusion with Light Ion Beams. Science, 232, 831-836.
152. VanDevender, J. P., J. P. Quintenz, R. J. Leeper, D. J. Johnson, and J. T. Crow (1981). Self-Magnetically Insulated ion Diode. J. Appl. Phys., 52, 4-12.
153. Wang, M. Y. and M. S. Di Capua (1980). Operating point of long magnetically insulated transmission lines. J. Appl. Phys., 51, 5610-5614.
154. Watrous, J. J., D. Mosher, J. M. Neri, P. F. Ottinger, C. L. Olson, J. T. Crow, and R. R. Peterson (1991). Wire-guided transport of intense ion beams. J. Appl. Phys., 69, 639-655.
155. Welch, D. R., C. L. Olson, and T. W. L. Sanford (1994). Simulation of charged-particle beam transport in a gas using a hybrid particle-fluid plasma model. Phys. Fluids, 1, 764-773.
156. Wilson, J. M., and G. L. Donovan (1987). Laser-triggered gas switch improvements on PBFA II. Proc. 6th IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Arlington, VA, 361-364.
157. Wilson, J. M., and R. R. Johnston (1985). PBFA II energy storage system configuration and characteristics. Proc. 5th IEEE Pulsed Power Conf., Albuquerque, NM, 776-779.
158. Young, F. C., D. D. Hinshelwood, R. F. Hubbard, M. Lampe, J. M. Neri, C. L. Olson, P. F. Ottinger, D. V. Rose, S. P. Slinker, S. J. Stephanakis, and D. R. Welch (1993). current neutralization of intense MeV proton beams transported in low-pressure gas. Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 2573-2576.
159. Ze, F., R. L. Kauffman, J. D. Kilkenny, J. Wielwald, P. M. Bell, R. Hanks, J. Stewart, D. Dean, J. Bower, and R. Wallace (1992). A new multichannel soft x-ray framing camera for fusion experiments. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 63, 5124-5126.
160. Zieher, K. (1984). Investigation of a pulsed self-magnetically Bθ-insulated ion diode. Nucl. Inst. Meth., 228, 161-168.
161. Zimmerman, G. B. and W. L. Kruer (1975). Numerical simulation of laser-initiated fusion. Comm. on Plasma Phys. and Controlled Fusion, 2, 51-61.