MAUP effects in the principal axis factoring technique

Geographical Systems

Volumn 3, Issue 2-3, 1996, Pages 101-121

  Hunt, Len ^a   Boots, Barry ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Factor analysis; Modifiable areal unit problem; Scale effects; Spatial autocorrelation; Zoning effects

Indexed keywords

EID: 0006918076     PISSN: 10692665     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Amrhein, C. G. (1992) Searching for Aggregation Effects Using Age/Sex Specific Migration Data. The Operational Geographer, 10, 32-38.
2. Amrhein, C. G. (1995) Searching for the Elusive Aggregation Effect: Evidence from Statistical Simulations, Environment and Planning A, 27, 105-119.
3. Amrhein, C. G. and Flowerdrew, R. (1989) The Effect of Data Aggregation on a Poisson Regression Model of Canadian Migration. In: Accuracy of Spatial Databases. M. F. Goodchild and Gopal, S. (eds.), Taylor and Francis, London, 229-238.
4. Amrhein, C. G. and Flowerdrew, R. (1992) The Effect of Data Aggregation on a Poisson Regression Model of Canadian Migration, Environment and Planning A, 24, 1381-1391.
5. Arbia, G. (1989) Spatial Data Configuration in Statistical Analysis of Regional Economic and Related Problems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
6. Berry, B. J. L. and Spodek, H. (1971) Comparative Ecologies of Large Indian Cities, Economic Geography (Supplement), 47, 266-285.
7. Blalock, H. (1964) Causal Inferences in Nonexperimental Research, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
8. Burt, C. L. (1948) The Factorial Study of Temperamental Traits, British Journal of Psychology, (Statistical Section) I, 178-203.
9. Cadwallader, M. (1992) Migration and Residential Mobility: Macro and Micro Approaches, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin.
10. Cattell, R. B. (1952) Factor Analysis: An Introduction and Manual for the Psychologist and Social Scientist, Harper and Row, New York.
11. Cureton, E. E. and A'gostino, R. B. (1983) Factor Analysis: An Applied Approach, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillside, NJ.
12. Davies, W. K. D. (1983) Urban Social Structure: A Multivariate-Structural Analysis of Cardiff and its Region, University of Wales Press, Cardiff.
13. Davies, W. K. D. (1984) Factorial Ecology, Gower, Aldershot.
14. Davies, W. K. D. and Murdie, R. A. (1991) Consistency and Differential Impact in Urban Social Dimensionality: Intra-urban Variations in the 24 Metropolitan Areas of Canada. Urban Geography, 12, 55-79.
15. Davies, W. K. D. and Murdie, R. A. (1993) Measuring the Social Ecology of Cities. In: Bourne, L. S. and Ley, D. F. (eds.), The Changing Social Geography of Canadian Cities, McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal, 52-75.
16. Fotheringham, A. S. (1989) Scale-independent Spatial Analysis. In: Accuracy of Spatial Databases. M. F. Goodchild and S. Gopal (eds.), Taylor and Francis, London, 221-228.
17. Fotheringham, A. S. and Wong, D. W. S. (1991) The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Environment and Planning A, 23, 1025-1044.
18. Gehlke, C. E. and Biehl, H. (1934) Certain Effects of Grouping Upon the Size of the Correlation Coefficient in Census Tract Material. Journal of the American Statistical Association (Supplement), 29, 169-170.
19. Gorsuch, R. L. (1983) Factor Analysis, 2nd ed., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillside, N.J.
20. Haining, R. (1990) Spatial Data Analysis in the Social and Environmental Sciences, Cambridge University Press, New York.
21. Heikkila, E. (1992) Describing Urban Structure: A Factor Analysis of Los Angeles. Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies, 4.
22. Hunt, L. (1993) Theoretical and Empirical Examinations of Spatial Scale and Aggregation Effects on the Principal Axis Factoring Technique When Observations are Areal Units. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Department of Geography, Wilfrid Laurier University.
23. Le Bourdais, C. and Beaudry, M. (1988) The Changing Residential Structure of Montreal 1971-1981. Canadian Geographer, 32, 98-113.
24. Morrill, R. L. (1990) Regional Demographic Structure of the United States. Professional Geographer, 42, 38-53.
25. Murdie, R. A. (1969) The Factorial Ecology of Toronto, University of Chicago, Department of Geography, Research Paper, 116.
26. Openshaw, S. (1984) Ecological Fallacies and the Analysis of Areal Census Data. Environmental and Planning A, 16, 17-31.
27. Openshaw, S. and Taylor, P. J. (1979) A Million or So Correlation Coefficients: Three Experiments on the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem. In: Wrigley, N. (ed.), Statistical Applications in the Spatial Sciences, Pion, London, 127-144.
28. Perle, E. D. (1977) Scale Changes and Impacts on Factorial Ecology Structures. Environment and Planning A, 9, 549-558.
29. Pinneau, S. R. and Newhouse, A. (1964) Measures of Invariance and Comparability in Factor Analysis for Fixed Variables. Psychometrika, 19, 271-281.
30. Robinson, A. H. (1956) The Necessity of Weighting Values in Correlation Analysis of Areal Data. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 46, 233-236.
31. Romsa, G., Hoffman, W. and Brozowski, R. (1972) A Test of the Influence of Scale in Factorial Ecology on Windsor, Ontario. Ontario Geography, 7, 87-92.
32. Rummel, R. J. (1970) Applied Factor Analysis, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
33. Shevky, E. and Bell, W. (1955) Social Area Analysis, Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.
34. Tucker, R. (1951) A Method for Synthesis of Factor Analysis Studies. Personnel Research Report No. 984, Department of the Army, Washington.
35. Webster, R. and Oliver, M. A. (1990) Statistical Methods in Soil and Land Resource Survey, Oxford University Press, New York.
36. Wrigley, N. (1995) Revisiting the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem and the Ecological Fallacy. In: Cliff, A. D., Gould, P. R., Hoare, A. G., and Thrift, N. J. (eds), Diffusing Geography: Essays for Peter Haggett, Blackwell, Oxford, 49-71.