Cavernous angiomas of the brain stem and spinal cord

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience

Volumn 5, Issue SUPPL.1, 1998, Pages 20-25

  Bhangoo, R S ^a   Crockard, H Alan ^a  

^a NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Brain stem; Cavernoma; Cavernous angioma; Extramedullary; Intramedullary

Indexed keywords

EID: 0006850598     PISSN: 09675868     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0967-5868(98)90005-4     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Rees Cosgrove G, Bertrand G, Fontaine S, Robtaille Y, Melanson D. Cavernous angiomas of the spinal cord. J Neurosurg 1988; 68: 31-36.
2. Virchow R. Die Krankhaften Geschwulste. Berlin: Hirschfeld, 1863.
3. Bremer L, Carson NB. A case of brain tumor (angioma cavernosum), causing spastic paralysis and attacks of tonic spasms. Operation. Am J Med Sci 1890; 100: 219-242.
4. Gushing H, Bailey P. Tumors arising from the blood vessels of the brain, Angiomatous malformations and hemangioblastomas. Springfield, Illinois: C G Thomas, 1928.
5. McCormick WF. The pathology of vascular ('arteriovenous') malformations. J Neurosurg 1966; 24: 807-816.
6. Russell DS, Rubinstein LJ. Pathology of tumors of the nervous system, 5th edn. Baltimore: William and Wilkins, 1989: 727.
7. Villani RM, Arienta C, Caroli M. Cavernous angiomas of the central nervous system. J Neurosurg Sci 1989; 33: 229-252.
8. Awad IA, Robinson JR, Mohanty S, Estes ML. Mixed vascular malformations of the brain: Clinical and pathogenetic considerations. Neurosurgery 1993; 33: 179-188.
9. Tyndel FJ, Bilbao JM, Hudson AR, Colapinto EV. Hemangioma calcificans of the spinal cord. Can J Neurol Sci 1985; 12: 321-322.
10. Rigamonti D, Hadley MN, Drayer BP, et al. Cerebral cavernous malformations. Incidence and familial occurrence. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 343-347.
11. Robinson JR, Awad IA, Little JR. Natural history of the cavernous angioma. J Neurosurg 1991; 75: 709-714.
12. Harrison MJ, Eisenberg MB, Ullman JS, Oppenheim JS, Gamins MB, Post KD. Symptomatic cavernous malformations affecting the spine and spinal cord. Neurosurgery 1995; 37: 195-205.
13. Gross L. Oncogenic Viruses, 2nd edn. New York: Pergamon Press, 1970: 991.
14. Flocks JS, Weiss TP, Kleinman DC et al. Dose-response studies to polyoma virus in rats. JNCI 1965; 35: 259-284.
15. Vandeputte M. Antilymphocytic serum and polyoma oncogenesis in rats. Transplant Proc 1969; 1: 100-105.
16. Kattopong VJ, Hart BL, Davis LE. Familial cerebral cavernous angiomas: Clinical and radiologie studies. Neurology 1995; 45: 492-497.
17. Zabramski JM, Wascher TM, Spetzler RF et al. The natural history of familial cavernous malformations: results of an ongoing study. J Neurosurg 1994; 80: 422-432.
18. Symon L, Jackowski A, Bills D. Surgical treatment of pontomedullary cavernomas. Br J Neurosurg 1991; 5: 339-347.
19. Zimmerman RS, Spetzler RF, Lee KS, Zabramski JM, Hargraves RW. Cavernous malformations of the brain stem. J Neurosurg 1991; 75: 32-39.
20. Lindquist C, Guo WY, Karlsson B, Steiner L. Radiosurgery for venous angiomas. J Neurosurg 1993; 78: 531-536.
21. Wilms G, Bleus E, Demaerel P et al. Simultaneous occurrence of developmental venous anomalies and cavernous angiomas. Am J Neuroradiol 1994; 15: 1247-1254.
22. Crecco M, Floris R, Vidiri A et al. Venous angiomas: plain and contrast-enhanced MRI and MR angiography. Neuroradiology 1995; 37: 20-24.
23. Dillon WP, Wilson CB, Hieshima GB, Rosenau W. Hemorragic venous malformation: the role of venous restriction. ASNR St Louis 1992: 55.
24. Samson D. Comment. Neurosurgery 1993; 33: 188.
25. Spetzler RF, Chen JW. Commentary. Surg Neurol 1995; 43: 451-452.
26. Crawford JV, Russell DS. Cryptic arteriovenous and venous hamartomas of the brain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1956; 19: 1-11.
27. McCormick W, Norfzinger JD. 'Cryptic' vascular malformations of the central nervous system. J Neurosurg 1966; 25: 309-311.
28. McCormick WF, Hardman JM, Boulter TR. Vascular malformations ('angiomas') of the brain, with special reference to those occurring in the posterior fossa. J Neurosurg 1968; 28: 241-251.
29. Bicknell JM, Carlow TJ, Kornfeld M, Stovring J, Turner P. Familial cavernous angiomas. Arch Neurol 1978; 35: 746-749.
30. Abe M, Kjellberg RN, Adams RD. Clinical presentations of vascular malformations of the brain stem: comparison of angiographically positive and negative types. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989; 52: 167-175.
31. Simard JM, Garcia-Bengochea F, Ballinger WE, Mickle JP, Quisling RG. Cavernous angioma: a review of 126 collected and 12 new clinical cases. Neurosurgery 1986; 18: 162-172.
32. Rigamonti D, Drayer BP, Johnson PC, Hadley MN, Zabramski J, Spetzler RF. The MRI appearance of cavernous malformations (angiomas). J Neurosurg 1987; 67: 518-524.
33. Bicknell JM. Familial cavernous angioma of the brain stem dominantly inherited in Hispanics. Neurosurgery 1989; 24: 102-105.
34. Barnwell SL, Dowd CF, Davis RL, Edwards MSB, Gutin PH, Wilson CB. Cryptic vascular malformations of the spinal cord: diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging and outcome of surgery. J Neurosurg 1990; 72: 403-407.
35. Requena I, Arias M, Lopez-Ibor L et al. Cavernomas of the central nervous system: clinical and neuroimaging manifestations in 47 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991; 54: 590-594.
36. Renowden SA, Molyneux AJ, Anslow P, Byrne JV. The value of MRI in angiogram - negative intracranial haemorrhage. Neuroradiology 1994; 36: 422-425.
37. Fontaine S, Melanson D, Cosgrove R, Bertrand G. Cavernous hamangiomas of the spinal cord: MR imaging. Radiology 1988; 166: 839-841.
38. Rutka JT, Brant-Zawadzki MB, Wilson CB, Rosenblum ML. Familial cavernous malformations. Diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance imaging. Surg Neurol 1988; 29: 467-474.
39. Kashiwagi S, Van Loveren HR, Tew JM, Wiot JG, Weil SM, Lukin RA. Diagnosis and treatment of vascular brain stem malformations. J Neurosurg 1990; 72: 27-34.
40. Curling OD, Kelly DL, Elster AD, Craven TE. An analysis of the natural history of cavernous angiomas. J Neurosurg 1991; 75: 702-708.
41. Stein BM, Mohr JP. Vascular malformations of the brain. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 368-369.
42. Medhorn HM, Stolke D. Cervical intramedullary cavernous angioma with MRI-proven haemorrhages. J Neurol 1991; 238: 420-426.
43. Steiger JH, Markwalder TM, Reulen HJ. Clinicopathological relations of cerebral cavernous angiomas: Observations in eleven cases. Neurosurgery 1987; 21: 879-844.
44. Vauquero J, SalazarJ, Martinez P, Bravo G. Cavernomas of the central nervous system: Clinical syndromes, CT scan diagnosis and prognosis after surgical treatment in 25 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1987; 85: 29-33.
45. McCormick PC, Michelsen WJ, Post KD, Carmel PW, Stein BM. Cavernous malformations of the spinal cord. Neurosurgery 1988; 23: 459-463.
46. Roberson GM, Kase CS, Wolpow ER. Telangiectases and cavernous angiomas of the brain stem: 'cryptic' vascular malformation. Neuroradiology 1974; 8: 83-89.
47. Voight K, Yasargil MG. Cerebral cavernous haemangiomas or cavernomas. Incidence, pathology, localisation, diagnosis, clinical features and treatment. Review of the literature and report of an unusual case. Neurochirurgia 1976; 19: 59-68.
48. Yasargil MG. Microneurosurgery III B. AVM of the Brain. Stuttgart: Thieme, 1988: 405-438.
49. Fritschi JA, Reulen HJ, Spetzler RF, Zabramski JM. Cavernous malformations of the brain stem. A review of 139 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1994; 130: 35-46.
50. Aiba T, Tanaka R, Koike T, Kameyama S, Takeda N, Komata T. Natural history of intracranial cavernous malformations. J Neurosurg 1995; 83: 56-59.
51. Fahlsbusch R, Strauss C, Huk W, Rockelein G, Kompf D, Ruprecht KW. Surgical removal of pontomesencephalic cavernous hemangiomas. Neurosurgery 1990; 26: 449-457.
52. Yoshimoto T, Suzuki J. Radical surgery on cavernous angioma of the brainstem. Surg Neurol 1986; 26: 72-78.
53. Ondra SL, Doty JR, Mahla ME, George ED. Surgical Excision of a cavernous hemangioma of the rostral brain stem: Case report Neurosurgery 1988; 23: 490-493.
54. Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD, Kestle JRW. The natural history of cerebral cavernous malformations. J Neurosurg 1995; 83: 820-824.
55. Stahl SM, Johnson KP, Malamud N. The clinical and pathological spectrum of brain-stem vascular malformations. Long-term course simulates multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1980; 37: 25-29.
56. Veerapen RJ, Sbeih I A, O'Laoire SA. Surgical treatment of cryptic AVMs and associated hematoma in the brain stem and spinal cord. J Neurosurg 1986; 65: 188-193.
57. Seifert V, Gaab MR. Laser-assisted microsurgical extirpation of a brain stem cavernoma: Case report. Neurosurgery 1989; 25: 986-990.
58. Kelly PJ. Comment. Neurosurgery 1989; 25: 990.
59. Solomon RA. Comment. Neurosurgery 1988; 23: 493.
60. Stein BM. Comment. Neurosurgery 1986; 18: 172.
61. Wharen RE. Comment. Neurosurgery 1990; 26: 449-457.
62. Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD, Coffey RJ, Bissonette DJ, Flickinger JC. Stereotactic radiosurgery of angiographically occult vascular malformations: Indications and preliminary experience. Neurosurgery 1990; 27: 892-900.
63. Stea RA, Schicker L, King GA, Winfield JA. Stereotactic linear radiosurgery for cavernous angiomas. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1994; 63: 255-265.
64. Kondziolka D, Lunsfords LD, Flickinger JC, Kestle JRW. Reduction of hemorrhage risk after Stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous malformations. J Neurosurg 1995; 83: 825-831.
65. Findlay JM. Letter. J Neurosurg 1996; 84: 894.
66. Heffez DS, Stein BM, Sisti MB. Letter. J Neurosurg 1996; 84: 894-895.
67. Jellinger K. Pathology of spinal vascular malformations and vascular tumors In: Pia HW, Djindjian R (eds). Spinal Angiomas: Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy, 1st edn. Berlin: Springer-Verlag 1978: 18-44.
68. Mastronardi L, Ferrante L, Scarpinati M, Gagliardi FM, Celli P, Fortuna A. Intradural extramedullary cavernous angioma: case report. Neurosurgery 1991; 29: 924-926.
69. Ramos F, De Toffol B, Aesch B, Jan M. Hydrocephalus and cavernoma of the cauda equina. Neurosurgery 1990; 27: 139-142.
70. Pagni CA, Canavero S, Forni M. Report of a cavernoma of the cauda equina and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 1990; 33: 124-31.
71. Sharma R, Damodar R, Radhakrishnan W. Intradural spinal cavernomas. Br J Neurosurg 1992; 6: 351-356.
72. Sabin HI, Daniel S, Wild AM, Symon L. Cavernous angioma of the thoracic spinal cord with intra- and extramedullary components. BrJ Neurosurg 1989; 3: 123-126.
73. Heimberger K, Schnaberth G, Koos W, Pendl G, Auff E. Spinal cavernous haemangioma (intradural-extramedullary) underlying repeated subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neurol 1982; 226: 289-293.
74. Anson JA, Spetzler RF. Surgical resection of intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformations. J Neurosurg 1993; 78: 446-451.
75. Saito N, Yamakawa K, Sasaki T, Saito I, Takakura K. Intramedullary cavernous angioma with trigeminal neuralgia: a case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 1989; 25: 97-101.
76. Cantore G, Delfini R, Cervoni L, Innocenzi G, Orlando ER. Intramedullary cavernous angiomas of the spinal cord: Report of six cases. Surg Neurol 1995; 43: 448-452.
77. Ogilvy CS, Louis DN, Ojemann RG. Intramedullary cavernous angiomas of the spinal cord: clinical presentation, pathological features and surgical management. Neurosurgery 1992; 31: 219-230.
78. Lee KS, Spetzler RF. Spinal cord cavernous malformation in a patient with familial intracranial cavernous malformations. Neurosurgery 1990; 26: 877-880.
79. Lopate G, Black JT, Grubb RL. Cavernous hemangioma of the spinal cord: report of 2 unusual cases. Neurology 1990; 40: 1791-1793.
80. Numaguchi Y, Kishikawa T, Fukui M et al. Prolonged injection angiography for diagnosing intracranial cavernous hemangiomas. Radiology 1979; 131: 137-138.
81. Zentner J, Hassler W, Gawehn J, Schroth G. Intramedullary cavernous angiomas. Surg Neurol 1989; 31: 64-68.
82. Fazi S, Menei P, Mercier P, Dubas F, Guy G. Cavernomas of the spinal cord: report of two patients. Br J Neurosurg 1992; 6: 149-152.
83. Scamoni C, Marra A, Dario A, Crivelli G, Soldati M, Dorizzi A. Intramedullary cervical cavernoma: case report. J Neurosurg Sci 1992; 36: 177-179.
84. Acciarri N, Padovani R, Giulioni M, Gaist G. Surgical treatment of spinal cavernous angiomas. J Neurosurg Sci 1993; 37: 209-215.
85. Canavero S, Pagni CA, Duca S, Bradac G. Spinal intramedullary cavernous angiomas: a literature metaanalysis. Surg Neurol 1994; 41: 381-388.
86. Lunardi P, Acqui M, Ferrante L, Fortuna A. The role of intraoperative ultrasound imaging in the surgical removal of intramedullary cavernous angiomas. Neurosurgery 1994; 34: 520-523.