Ionospheres and magnetospheres of comets

Advances in Space Research

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 255-266

  Coates, A J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0006749952     PISSN: 02731177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00543-7     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Altwegg, K., H. Balsiger, J. Geiss, R. Goldstein, W.-H. Ip, et al, The ion population between 1300 km and 230000 km in the coma of comet P/Halley, Astron. Astrophys., 279(1), 260-266, 1993.
2. Amata, E., V. Formisano, R. Cerulli-Irelli, P. Torrente, A.D. Johnstone, et al, The cometopause region at comet Halley, Proceedings20th ESLAB symposium on the Exploration of Halley's Comet, Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ., SP-250(I), pp213-218, 1986.
3. Balsiger, H., K. Altwegg, F. Buhler, J. Geiss, A.G, Ghielmetti, et al, Ion composition anddynamics at comet Halley, Nature, 321, 330-334, 1986.
4. Biermann L., Kometenschweife und solare korpuscularstrahlung, Z. Astrophys., 29, 274-286, 1951
5. Biermann, L., B. Brosowski, and H.U. Schmidt, The interaction of the solar wind with a comet, Sol. Phys., 1, 254-284, 1967.
6. Cao, J. B., C. Mazelle, G. Belmont and H. Reme, Nongyrotropy of heavy newborn ions at comet Grigg-Skjellerup and corresponding instability, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 23,379-23,388, 1995.
7. Chaizy P., et al, Detection of negative ions in the come of comet P/Halley, Nature, 349, 393-396, 1991.
8. Coates, A.J., A.D. Johnstone, M.F. Thomsen, V. Formisano, E. Amata, et al, Solar wind flow through the Comet Halley bow shock, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 55-60, 1987.
9. Coates, A.J., A.D. Johnstone, D.E. Huddleston, B. Wilken, K. Jockers, et al,. Velocity space diffusion of pickup ions from the water group at comet Halley, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 9983-9993, 1989; correction, 95, 4343, 1990.
10. Coates, A.J., A.D. Johnstone, R.L. Kessel, D.E. Huddleston, B. Wilken, K. Jockers and F.M. Neubauer, Plasma parameters near the comet Halley bow shock, J. Geophys. Res, 95, 20,701-20,716, 1990a.
11. Coates, A.J., B. Wilken, A.D. Johnstone, K. Jockers, K.-H. Glassmeier, et al, Bulk properties and velocity distributions of water group ions at comet Halley: Giotto measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 10,249-10,260, 1990b.
12. Coates, A.J., Observations of the velocity distribution of pickup ions, in Cometary Plasma Processes, ed. A.D. Johnstone, Geophysical Monograph 61, AGU, Washington, pp. 301-310, 1991a.
13. Coates, A. J., Cometary plasma energisation, Ann. Geophys., 9, 158-169, 1991b.
14. Coates, A.J., A.D. Johnstone, B. Wilken and F.M. Neubauer, Velocity space diffusion and non-gyrotropy of pickup water group ions at comet Grigg-Skjellerup, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20,985-20,994, 1993.
15. Coates, A. J., Heavy ion effects on cometary shocks, Adv. Space Res., 15, no. 8/9, 403-413, 1995.
16. Coates A.J., A.D. Johnstone, and F.M. Neubauer, Cometary ion pressure anisotropies at comets Halley and Grigg-Skjellerup, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 1996
17. Coates, A.J., C. Mazelle and F.M. Neubauer, Bow shock analysis at comets Halley and Grigg-Skjellerup, J. Geophys. Res., submitted, 1997
18. Cravens, T.E., A magnetohydrodynamical model of the inner coma of comet Halley, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 15,025-15,040, 1990.
19. Cravens, T.E., Plasma processes in the inner coma, in Comets in the Post-Halley Era, ed. R.L.Newburn, Vol. 2 pp. 1211-1255, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1991.
20. Eberhardt P. and D. Krankowsky, The electron temperature in the inner coma of comet P/Halley, Astron. Astrophys., 295, 795, 1995.
21. Formisano, V., E. Amata, M. B. Cattaneo, P. Torrente, A. Johnstone, et al, Plasma flow inside comet P/Halley, Astron. Astrophys., 238, 401-412, 1990.
22. Fuselier, S.A., E.G. Shelley, B.E. Goldstein, R. Goldstein, M. Neugebauer, et al, Observations of solar wind ion charge exchange in the comet Halley coma, Ap. J., 379, 734-740, 1991.
23. Galeev, A. A., and R. Z. Sagdeev, Alfven waves in a space plasma and its role in the solar wind interaction with comets, Astrophys. Space Sci., 144, 427-438, 1988.
24. Galeev, A.A., T.E. Cravens, and T.I. Gombosi, Solar wind stagnation near comets, Astrophys. J., 289, 807-819, 1985.
25. Goldstein B.E., M. Neugebauer, H. Balsiger, J. Drake, S.A. Fuselier, et al, Giotto-IMS observations of ion-flow velocities and temperatures outside the magnetic cavity of comet P/Halley, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 174-178, 1987
26. Goldstein B.E., K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, S. A. Fuselier, W.-H. Ip, et al, Observations of a shock and a recombination layer at the contact surface of comet Halley, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 17,251-17,257, 1989.
27. Goldstein, B.E., R. Goldstein, M. Neugebauer, S.A. Fuselier, E.G. Shelley, et al, Observations of plasma dynamics in the coma of P/Halley by the Giotto Ion Mass Spectrometer, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 4121-4132, 1992.
28. Gombosi, T.I., D. L. de Zeeuw, R. M. Haberli and K. G. Powell, Three dimensional multiscale MHD model of cometary plasma environments, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15,233-15,253, 1996.
29. Gringauz, K. I., et al., First in situ plasma and neutral gas measurements at comet Halley, Nature, 321, 282-285, 1986a.
30. Gringauz, K.I., T.I. Gombosi, M. Tatrallyay, M.I. Verigin, A. P. Remizov, et al, Detection of a new 'chemical' boundary at comet Halley, Geophys. Res. Letters, 13, 613-616, 1986b.
31. Gringauz, K.I. and Verigin, M.I., Permanent and nonstationary phenomena in comet Halley's head, in Cometary Plasma Processes, ed. A.D. Johnstone, Geophysical Monograph 61, AGU, Washington, pp. 107-116, 1991
32. Haberli R.M., K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger and J. Geiss, Physics and chemistry of ions in the pile-up region of comet P/Halley, Astron. Astrophys., 297, 881, 1995.
33. Haberli, R.M., K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger and J. Geiss, Heating of the thermal electrons in the coma of comet P/Halley, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15,579-15,589, 1996.
34. Huddleston, D.E., A.D. Johnstone, and A.J. Coates, Determination of comet Halley gas emission characteristics from mass-loading of the solar wind, J. Geophys, Res, 95, 21-30, 1990.
35. Huddleston, D.E., A.J. Coates, and A.D. Johnstone, Quasi-linear velocity space diffusion of heavy cometary pickup ions on bispherical diffusion characteristics, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19,163-19,174, 1992.
36. Huddleston D.E. and A.D. Johnstone, Relationship between wave energy and free energy from pickup ions in the comet Halley environment, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12,217-12,230, 1992.
37. Huddleston, D.E., A.J. Coates, A.D. Johnstone and F.M. Neubauer, Mass loading and velocity diffusion models for heavy pickup ions at comet Grigg-Skjellerup, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20,995-21,002, 1993b.
38. Huddleston, D.E., M. Neugebauer and B.E. Goldstein, Water group ion distributions in the midcometosheath of comet Halley, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 21,039-21,043, 1993a.
39. Hynds, R.J., S.W.H. Cowley, T.R. Sanderson, K.-P. Wenzel, and J.J. van Rooijen, Observations of energetic ions from comet Giacobini-Zinner, Science, 232, 361-365, 1986.
40. Ip, W.H. and Axford, W.I., Theories of physical processes in the cometary comae and tails, in Comets, edited by L.L. Wilkening, p.588-634, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1982.
41. Ip, W.-H., R.Schwenn, H. Rosenbauer, H. Balsiger, M. Neugebauer and E.G. Shelley, An interpretation of the ion pileup region outside the ionospheric contact surface, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 132-136, 1987.
42. Johnstone, A., A. Coates, S. Kellock, B. Wilken, K. Jockers, et al, Ion flow at comet Halley, Nature, 321, 344-347, 1986.
43. Johnstone A.D., A.J. Coates, D.E. Huddleston, K. Jockers, B. Wilken, et al, Observations of the solar wind and cometary ions during the encounter between Giotto and comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup, Astron. Astrophys., 273, L1-L4, 1993.
44. Johnstone, A.D., Cometary ion pickup processes: Halley and Grigg-Skjellerup compared, Adv. Space Res., 16(4), 11-18, 1995.
45. Johnstone, A.D., I. Krauklis, D.E. Huddleston, A. Soeding, K.-H. Glassmeier and F.M. Neubauer, Upstream and downstream propagating waves generated by pickup ions near comet Halley, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 1996.
46. Jones G.H. and A.J. Coates, Observations of structures within the Grigg-Skjellerup cometosheath, Adv. Space Res., submitted, 1996
47. Kessel, R.L., A.J. Coates, U. Motschmann and F.M. Neubauer, Shock normal determination for multiple ion shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 19,359-19,374, 1994.
48. Lisse, C.M., K. Dennerl, J. Englhauser, M. Harden, F.E. Marshall, et al, Discovery of X-ray and extreme ultraviolet emission from comet C/Hyakutake 1996 B2, Science, 274, 205-209, 1996.
49. Mazelle, C., H. Reme, J.A. Sauvaud, C. d'Uston, C.W. Carlson, et al, Analysis of suprathermal electron properties at the magnetic pile-up boundary of comet P/Halley, Geophys. Res. Letters, 16, 1035-1038, 1989.
50. Mazelle, C., H. Reme, F.M. Neubauer and K.-H. Glassmeier, Comparison of the main magnetic and plasma features in the environments of comets Grigg-Skjellerup and Halley, Adv. Space Res., 16(4), 41-45, 1995
51. McKenna-Lawlor, S., E. Kirsch, D. O'Sullivan, A. Thompson and K.-P. Wenzel, Energetic ions in the environment of comet Halley, Nature, 321, 347-349, 1986.
52. McKenna-Lawlor, S. M. P., P. W. Daly, E. Kirsch, D. O'Sullivan, A. Thompson, K.-P. Wenzel, and V. Afonin, Energetic ions at comet Grigg-Skjellerup measured from the Giotto spacecraft, Nature, 363, 326-329, 1993.
53. Motschmann, U. and K.-H. Glassmeier, Nongyrotropic distribution of pickup ions at comet Grigg-Skjellerup: a possible source of wave activity, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20,977-20,983, 1993.
54. Mukai, T., W. Miyake, T. Terasawa, M. Kitayama, and K. Hirao, Plasma observation by Suisei of solar-wind interaction with comet Halley, Nature, 321, 299-303, 1986.
55. Neubauer F.M., K.H. Glassmeier, M. Pohl, J. Raeder, M.H. Acuna, et al, First results from the Giotto magnetometer experiment at comet Halley, Nature, 321, 352-355, 1986.
56. Neubauer, F.M., Giotto magnetic field results on the boundaries of the pile-up region and the magnetic cavity, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 73-79, 1987.
57. Neubauer, F.M., The ionopause transition and boundary layers at comet Halley from Giotto magnetic field observations, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7272-7281, 1988.
58. Neubauer, F.M., Magnetic field regions formed by the interaction of the solar wind plasma with comet Halley, in Comet Halley: investigations, results, interpretations, Vol. 1, pp. 79-86, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1990.
59. Neubauer F.M., K.-H. Glassmeier, M.H. Acuna, F. Mariani, G. Musmann, et al, Giotto magnetic field observations at the outbound quasi-parallel bow shock of comet Halley, Ann. Geophys., 8, 463-472, 1990.
60. Neubauer F.M., H. Marschall, M. Pohl, K.-H. Glassmeier, G. Musmann, et al, First results from the Giotto magnetometer experiment during the P/Grigg-Skjellerup encounter, Astron. Astrophys.,268, L5-L8, 1993.
61. Neugebauer, M., F.M. Neubauer, H. Balsiger, S.A. Fuselier, B.E. Goldstein, et al, The variation of protons, alpha particles, and the magnetic field across the bow shock of comet Halley, Geophys.Res. Lett, 14, 995-998, 1987.
62. Neugebauer, M., Spacecraft observations of the interaction of active comets with the solar wind, Rev. Geophys., 28, 231-152, 1990.
63. Neugebauer, M., R. Goldstein, B.E. Goldstein, S.A. Fuselier, H. Balsiger and W.-H. Ip, Densities and abundances of hot cometary ions in the coma of comet P/Halley, Ap. J., 372, 291-300, 1991.
64. Neugebauer M., B.E. Goldstein, R. Goldstein, S.A. Fuselier, F.M. Neubauer, et al, A different view of plasma flow inside comet P/Halley, Astron. Astrophys., 258, 549-554, 1992.
65. Omidi, N. and D. Winske, Steepening of kinetic magnetosonic waves into shocklets: simulations and consequences for planetary shocks and comets, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 2281-2300, 1990.
66. Reme, H., J.A. Sauvaud, C. d'Uston, F. Cotin, A. Cros, et al, Comet Halley-solar wind interaction from electron measurements aboard Giotto, Nature, 321, 349-352, 1986.
67. Reme, H., J.A. Sauvaud, C. d'Uston, A. Cros, K.A. Anderson, et al, General features of comet P/Halley: solar wind interaction from plasma measurements, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 33-38,1987.
68. Reme, H., Cometary plasma observations between the shock and the contact surface, in Cometary Plasma Processes, ed. A.D. Johnstone, Geophysical Monograph 61, AGU, Washington, pp. 87-105, 1991
69. Reme, H., C. Mazelle, J.A. Sauvaud, C. d'Uston, F. Froment, et al, , Electron plasma environment at comet Grigg-Skjellerup: general observations and comparison with the environment of comet Halley, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20.965-20,976, 1993.
70. Reme, H., C. Mazelle, C. d'Uston, A. Korth, R.P. Lin and P. Chaizy, There is no 'cometopause' at comet Halley, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 2301-2308, 1994
71. Schmidt, H.U., and R. Wegmann, Plasma flow and magnetic fields in comets, in Comets, edited by L.L. Wilkening, pp. 538-560, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1982.
72. Schwenn, R., W.-H. Ip, H. Rosenbauer, H. Balsiger, F. Buhler, et al, Ion temperature and flow profiles in comet Halley's close environment, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 160-162, 1987.
73. Smith E. J., J. A. Slavin, S. J. Bame, M. F. Thomsen, S. W. H. Cowley, at al, Analysis of the Giacobini-Zinner bow wave, Proceedings20th ESLAB symposium on the Exploration of Halley's Comet, Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ, SP-250(III), pp. 461-465, 1986.
74. Somogyi, A.J., K.I. Gringauz, K. Szego, L. Szabo, G. Kozma, et al, First observations of energetic particles near comet Halley, Nature, 321, 285-288, 1986.
75. Staines, K., A. Balogh, S.W.H. Cowley, R.J. Hynds, T.S. Yates, et al, Cometary water group ions in the region surrounding comet Giacobini-Zinner: distribution functions and bulk parameter estimates, Planet. Space Sci., 39, 479-506, 1991.
76. Tatrallyay, M., M.I. Verigin, I. Apathy, A.P. Remizov, and I. Szemerey, Interplanetary effects at the time of Suisei's and Giotto's encounter with comet Halley, in Plasma environments of non-magnetic planets, ed. T.I. Gombosi, pp. 45-51, Pergamon, Oxford, 1993.
77. Tatrallyay M., K. Szego, M.I. Verigin and A.P. Remizov, Cometopause revisited, Adv. Space Res., 16(4), 35-39, 1995.
78. Thomsen, M.F., W. Feldman, B. Wilken, K. Jockers, W. Stuedemann, et al, In-situ observations of a bi-modal ion distribution in the outer coma of comet P/Halley, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 141-148, 1987.
79. Vaisberg O.L., G. Zastenker, V. Smirnov, B. Khazanov, A. Omelchenko, et al, Spatial distribution of heavy ions in comet P/Halley's coma, Astron. Astrophys., 187, 183-190, 1987.
80. Wallis, M.K., Weakly-shocked flows of the solar wind plasma through atmospheres of comets and planets, Planet. Space Sci., 21, 1647-1660, 1973.
81. Wilken, B., W. Weiss, W. Stuedemann and N. Hasebe, The Giotto implanted ion spectrometer(IIS): Physics and technique of detection, J. Phys. E Sci. Instrum., 20, 778-785, 1987.
82. Wu, C.S. and R.C. Davidson, Electromagnetic instabilities produced by neutral-particle ionization in interplanetary space, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 5399-5406, 1972.