Fluid evolution in and around the Rosh Pinah massive sulphide deposit in the external Pan-African Gariep Belt, Namibia

South African Journal of Geology

Volumn 103, Issue 3-4, 2000, Pages 191-206

  Frimmel, H E ^a   Board, W S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0006439454     PISSN: 10120750     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/1030191     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Al-Aasm, I., Taylor, B.E. and South, B. (1990). Stable isotope analysis of multiple carbonate samples using selective acid extraction. Chemical Geology, 80, 119-125.
2. Apel, M.A. (1997). Structural geology and metamorphism of the Kamaqualand Metamorphic Complex and Pan-African cover rocks in the Sout River area southwest of Bitterfontein, Northern Cape Province. BSc Honours Thesis (unpubl.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 39 pp.
3. 2 system with various salts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 1657-1681.
4. Bennett, D.G. and Barker, A.J. (1992).High salinity fluids: The result of retrograde metamorphism in thrust zones. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 81-95.
5. Board W.S. (1998) Fluid evolution amd mineralising potential in the outer margin of the southern Gariep Belt. MSc thesis (unpubl.), University of Cape Town, 102 pp.
6. 2O-NaCl solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 683-684.
7. Bottinga, Y. and Javoy, M. (1973). Comments on oxygen isotope geothermometry. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 20, 250-265.
8. Brown, P.E. and Lamb, W.M. (1989). P-V-T properties of fluids in the system H2O-CO2-NaCl: New graphical presentations and implications for fluid inclusion studies. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53, 1209-1221.
9. Burke, E.A.J. and Lustenhouwer, W.J. (1987). The application of a multichannel laser Raman microprobe (Microdil-28) to the analysis of fluid inclusions. Chemical Geology, 61, 11-17.
10. Chen, H.-S. (1972). The properties of carbon dioxide hydrate, Research and Development Progress Report No. 830. Office of Saline Water, give the geographic source, 1-55.
11. Chetty, D. (1998). Geochemical fingerprinting of carbonate wallrock alteration at major base metal sulphide deposits in the Otavi Mountain Land, Namibia., MSc thesis (unpubl.) University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 147 pp.
12. Coleman, M.L., Shepherd, T.J., Durham, J.J., Rouse, J.E. and Moore, G.R. (1982). Reduction of water zinc for hydrogen isotope analysis. Analytical Chemistry, 54, 993-995.
13. 2O. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 591-610.
14. Fölling, P.G., Frimmel, H.E. and Zartman, R.E. (1998). Chemostratigraphical correlation and Pb-Pb dating of metasedimentary sequences in the Gariep Belt: evidence for two different diamictites. Journal of African Earth Science, 27(1A), 76-77.
15. Frimmel, H.E. (1995). Metamorphic evolution of the Gariep Belt. South African Journal of Geology, 98, 176-190.
16. Frimmel, H.E. (2000a). The Pan-African Gariep Belt in southwestern Namibia and western South Africa. Commications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 13, in press.
17. Frimmel, H.E., (2000b) New U-Pb zircon ages for the Kuboos pluton in teh Pan-African Gariep belt, South Africa, Combrian mantle plume or far field collision effect? South African Journal of Geology 103 207-214.
18. Frimmel, H.E., Fölling, P.G. and Eriksson, P. (2001a). Neoproterozoic tectonic and climatic evolution recorded in the Gariep Belt, Namibia and South Africa. Basin Research, in press.
19. Frimmel, H.E. and Frank, W. (1998). Neoproterozoic tectono-thermal evolution of the Gariep Belt and its basement, Namibia/South Africa. Precambrian Research, 90, 1-28.
20. Frimmel, H.E., Hallbauer, D.K. and Gartz, V.H. (1999). Gold mobilizing fluids in the Witwatersrand Basin: composition and possible sources. Mineralogy and Petrology, 66, 55-81.
21. Frimmel, H.E., Hartnady, C.J.H. and Koller, F. (1996a). Geochemistry and tectonic setting of magmatic units in the Pan-African Gariep Belt, Namibia. Chemical Geology, 130, 101-121.
22. Frimmel, H.E., Klötzli, U. and Siegfried, P. (1996b). New Pb-Pb single zircon age constraints on the timing of Neoproterozoic glaciation and continental break-up in Namibia. The Journal of Geology, 104, 459-469.
23. Frimmel, H.E., Le Roex, A.P., Knight, J. and Minter, W.E.L. (1993). A case study of the postdepositional alteration of the Witwatersrand Basal reef gold placer. Economic Geology, 88, 249-265.
24. Frimmel, H.E., Zartman, R.E. and Späth, A. (2001). Dating Neoproterozoic continental break-up in the Richtersveld Igneous Complex, South Africa. The Journal of Geology, submitted.
25. Gresse, P.G. (1994). Strain partitioning in the southern Gariep Arc as reflected by sheath folds and stretching lineations. South African Journal of Geology, 97, 52-61.
26. 39Ar dating of the Cambro-Ordovician Vanrhynsdorp tectonite in southern Namaqualand. South African Journal of Geology, 91, 257-263.
27. Gresse, P.G. and Germs, G.J.B. (1993). The Nama foreland basin: sedimentation, major unconformity bounded sequences and multisided active margin advance. Precambrian Research, 63, 247-272.
28. Hälbich, I.W. and Alchin, D.J. (1995). The Gariep belt: stratigraphic-structural evidence for obliquely transformed grabens and back-folded thrust stacks in a combined thick-skin thin-skin structural setting. Journal of African Earth Science, 21, 9-33.
29. Hartman, M., Trnka, O., Vesel'y, V. and Svoboda, K. (1996). Predicting the rate of thermal decomposition of dolomite. Chemical Engineering Science, 51, 5229-5232.
30. Jasper, M.U., Stanistreet, I.G. and Charlesworth, E.G. (1992/93). Report: Preliminary results of a study of the structural and sedimentological evolution of the late Proterozoic/early Palaeozoic Gariep Belt, southern Namibia. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 8, 99-118.
31. Kesler, S.E. et al. give rest of authors by name (1996). Sodium-chlorine-bromine systematics of fluid inclusioas from Mississippi Valley-type deposits, Appalachian Basin: constraints on solute origin and migration paths. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 225-233.
32. Krauskopf, K.B. and Bird, D.K. (1997). Introduction to Geochemistry. McGraw-Hill, New York, U.S.A., 647 pp.
33. Kulm, L.D., Suess, E. and Thornburg, T.M. (1984). Dolomites in organic-rich muds of the Peru forearc basins: analogue to the Monterey Formation. In: R.E. Garrison, M. Kastner and D.H. Zenger (Editors), Dolomites of the Monterey Formation and other organic-rich units. The Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Los Angeles, 29-47.
34. Oliver, J. (1986). Fluids expelled tectonically from orogenic belts: their role in hydrocarbon migration and other geologic phenomena. Geology, 14, 99-102.
35. Roedder, E. (1984). Fluid inclusions. Reviews of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, 12, 644 pp.
36. Schwarcz, H.P., Clayton, R.N. and Mayeda, T. (1970). Oxygen isotopic studies of calcareous and pelitic metamorphic rocks, New England. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 81, 2299-2316.
37. Seward, T. and Barnes, H.L. (1997). Metal transport by hydrothermal ore fluids. In: H.L. Barnes (Editor), Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 435-486.
38. Sheppard, S.M.F. (1986). Characterization and isotopic variations in natural waters. In: J.W. Valley, R.P. Taylor and J.P. O'Neil (Editors), Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes. Reviews in Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, 16, 165-181.
39. Siegfried, P.R. (1990). Aspects of the Mountain ore body, Rosh Pinab mine, Namibia. MSc Thesis (unpubl.), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 146 pp.
40. Siegfried, P.R. and Moore, J.M. (1990). The Rosh Pinah Zn-Pb-Cu-Ag massive sulphide deposit - a product of early rift-related volcanism?, Extended Abstracts, Geocongress 90. Geological Society of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa, 512-513.
41. 2O system to 6 kb and 700°C. American Journal of Science, 291, 1-54.
42. 2: Applications to fluid inclusions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 621-629.
43. Van Vuuren, C.J.J. (1986). Regional setting and structure of the Rosh Pinah zinc-lead deposit, South West Africa/Namibia. In: C.R. Anhaeusser and S. Maske (Editors), Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa, 1593-1607.
44. Vennemann, T.W. and O'Neill, J.R. (1993). A simple and inexpensive method of hydrogen isotope and water analyses of minerals and rocks based on zinc reagent. Chemical Geology, 103, 227-234.
45. Vennemann, T.W. and Smith, H.S. (1990). The rate and temperature of reaction of CIF3 with silicate minerals, and their relevance to oxygen isotope analysis. Chemical Geology, 86, 83-88.
46. Von Veh, M.W. (1993). The stratigraphy and structural evolution of the Late Proterozoic Gariep Belt in the Sendelingsdrif-Annisfontein area, northwestern Cape Province. Bulletin, Precambrian Research Unit, University Cape Town, South Africa, 38, 174 pp.
47. 2O using synthetic fluid inclusions. Chemical Geology, 64, 335-350.