Characteristics and homogeneity of early adolescent friendship groups: A comparison of male and female clique and nonclique members

Applied Developmental Science

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 15-26

  Henrich, Christopher C ^a   Kuperminc, Gabriel P ^a,b   Sack, Amy ^a   Blatt, Sidney J ^a   Leadbeater, Bonnie J ^a,c  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0006378004     PISSN: 10888691     EISSN: 1532480X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/S1532480XADS0401_2     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Integrative guide for the 1991 CBCL/4-18, YSR and TRF Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
2. Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 213-232.
3. Adler, P. A., & Adler, P. (1995). Dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in preadolescent cliques. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 145-162.
4. Allen, J. P., Kuperminc, G., Philliber, S., & Herre, K. (1994). Programmatic prevention of adolescent problematic behaviors: The role of autonomy, relatedness, and volunteer service in the Teen Outreach Program. American Journal of Community Psychology, 22, 617-638.
5. Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 427-454.
6. Armsden, G. C., McCauley, E., Greenberg, M. T., Burke, P. M., & Mitchell, J. R. (1990). Parent and peer attachment in early adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 683-697.
7. Aseltine, R. H. (1995). A reconsideration of parental and peer influences on adolescent deviance. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36, 103-121.
8. Bagwell, C. L., Newcomb, A. F, & Bukowski, W. M. (1998). Preadolescent friendship and peer rejection as predictors of adult adjustment. Child Development, 69, 140-153.
9. Bauman, K. E., & Ennett, S. T. (1996). On the importance of peer influences for adolescent drug use: Commonly neglected considerations. Addiction, 91, 185-198.
10. Berndt, T. J. (1982). The features and effects of friendship in early adolescence. Child Development, 53, 1447-1460.
11. Berndt, T. J. (1996). Exploring the effects of friendship quality on social development. In W. M. Bukowski, A. F. Newcomb, & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), The company they keep: Friendship in childhood and adolescence (pp. 346-365). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
12. Berndt, T. J., & Keefe, K. (1995). Friends’ influence on adolescents’ adjustment to school. Child Development, 66, 1312-1329.
13. Berndt, T. J., & Perry, T. B. (1990). Distinctive features and effects of early adolescent friendships. In R. Montemayor, G. R. Adams, &T. P. Gullotta (Eds.), From childhood to adolescence: A transitional period? (pp. 269-287). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
14. Buhrmester, D. (1990). Intimacy of friendship, interpersonal competence, and adjustment during preadolescence and adolescence. Child Development, 61, 1101-1111.
15. Buhrmester, D., & Furman, W. (1987). The development of companionship and intimacy. Child Development, 58, 1101-1113.
16. Cairns, R. B., & Cairns, B. D. (1994). Lifelines and risks: Pathways of youth in our time. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
17. Cairns, R. B., Cairns, B. D., Neckerman, H. J., Gest, S. D & Gariepy, J. (1988). Social networks and aggressive behavior: Peer support or peer rejection? Developmental Psychology, 24, 815-823.
18. Cairns, R. B., Leung, M., Buchanan, L., & Cairns, B. D. (1995). Friendships and social networks in childhood and adolescence: Fluidity, reliability, and interrelations. Child Development, 66, 1330-1345.
19. Cairns, R. B., Xie, H & Leung, M.(1998).The popularity of friendship and the neglect of social networks: Toward a new balance. In W.H. Bukowski & A. H. Cillessen (Eds.), Sociometry then and now: Building on six decades of measuring children’s experiences with the peer group (pp. 25-53). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
20. Clark, M. L., & Ayers, M. (1988). The role of reciprocity and proximity in junior high school friendships. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 17, 403-411.
21. Cody, R. P., & Smith, J. K. (1991). Applied statistics and the SAS programming language (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
22. Cohen, J. M. (1977). Sources of peer group homogeneity. Sociology of Education, 50, 227-241.
23. Crockett, L., Losoff, M., & Petersen, A. (1984). Perceptions of the peer groups and friendship in early adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 4, 155-181.
24. Damico, S. B. (1975). The effects of clique membership upon academic achievement. Adolescence, 10, 93-100.
25. Damico, S. B. (1976). Clique membership and its relationship to academic achievement and attitude towards school. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 9, 29-35.
26. Dunphy, D. C. (1963). The social structure of urban adolescent peer groups. Sociometry, 26, 230-246.
27. Eccles, J. S., Midgley, C., Wigfield, A., Buchanan, C. M., et al. (1993). Development during adolescence: The impact of stage-environment fit on young adolescents’ experiences in schools and families. American Psychologist, 48, 90-101.
28. Eder, D. (1985). The cycle of popularity: Interpersonal relations among female adolescents. Sociology of Education, 58, 154-165.
29. Ennett, S. T & Bauman, K. E. (1993). Peer group structure and adolescent cigarette smoking: A social group analysis. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, 226-236.
30. Fine, G. A. (1987). With the boys. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
31. Fine, G. A. (1991). The natural history of preadolescent male friendship groups. In H. C. Foot, A. J. Chapman, & J. R. Smith (Eds.), Friendship and social relations in children. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
32. Graham, J. E., Updegraff, K. A., Tomascik, C. A., & McHale, S. M. (1997). Someone who cares: Evaluation of school advisor programs in two community settings. Applied Developmental Science, 1, 28-42.
33. Hallinan, M. T. (1981). Recent advances in sociometry. In S. R. Asher & J. M. Gottman (Eds.), The development of children’s friendships (pp. 91-115). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
34. Harter, S. (1988). The Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents. Denver, CO: University of Denver.
35. Hartup, W. W. (1993). Adolescents and their friends. In B. Laursen (Ed.), Close friendships in adolescence (pp. 3-22). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
36. Hogue, A., & Steinberg, L. (1995). Homophily of internalized distress in adolescent peer groups. Developmental Psychology, 31, 897-906.
37. Hubbell, C. H. (1965). An input-output approach to clique identification. Sociometry, 28, 377-399.
38. Hunter, S. Mac D., Vizelberg, I. A., & Berenson, G. S. (1991). Identifying mechanisms of adoption of tobacco and alcohol use among youth: The Bogalusa heart study. Social Networks, 13, 90-103.
39. Kandel, D. B. (1978). Homophily, selection and socialization in adolescent friendships. American Journal of Sociology, 84, 427-436.
40. Karweit, N., & Hansell, S. (1983). Sex differences in adolescent relationships: Friendship and status. In J. L. Epstein & N. Karweit (Eds.), Friends in school: Patterns of selection and influence in secondary schools (pp. 115-130). New York: Academic.
41. Kuperminc, G. P., Blatt, S. J., & Leadbeater, B. J. (1997). Relatedness, self-definition, and early adolescent adjustment. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 21, 301-320.
42. Kuperminc, G. P, Leadbeater, B. J., Henrich, C. C., & Blatt, S. J. (1998, February-March). Reciprocated school-based friendships in an ethnically diverse middle school. Symposium paper presented at the Seventh Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research on Adolescence, San Diego, CA.
43. Leadbeater, B. J., Blatt, S. J., & Quinlan, D. M. (1995). Gender-linked vulnerabilities to depressive symptoms, stress, and problem behaviors in adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 5, 1-29.
44. Leadbeater, B. J., Kuperminc, G. P., Blatt, S. J., & Hertzog, C. (1997). A multivariate model of gender differences in adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing problems. Manuscript submitted for publication.
45. Luce, R. D. & Perry, A. D. (1949). A method of matrix analysis of group structure. Psychometrika, 14, 95-116.
46. McGuire, K. D., & Weisz, J. R. (1982). Social cognitions and behavior correlates of preadolescent chumship. Child Development, 53, 1478-1484.
47. Montemayor, R., & Van Komen, R. (1985). The development of sex differences in friendship patterns and peer group structure during adolescence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 5, 285-294.
48. Mounts, N. S., & Steinberg, L. (1995). An ecological analysis of peer influence on adolescent grade point average and drug use. Developmental Psychology, 31, 915-922.
49. Nash, R. (1973). Clique formation among primary and secondary school children. British Journal of Sociology, 24, 303-313.
50. Peay, E. (1974). Hierarchical clique structures. Sociometry, 37, 54-65.
51. Richards, W. D., & Rice, R. E. (1981). The NEGOPY network analysis program. Social Networks, 3, 215-223.
52. Shrum, W., & Cheek, N. H. (1987). Social structure during the school years: Onset of the degrouping process. American Sociological Review, 52, 218-223.
53. Solomon, D., Watson, M., Battistich, V., Schaps, E., & Delucchi, K. (1996). Creating classrooms that students experience as communities. American Journal of Community Psychology, 24, 719-748.
54. Sullivan, H. S. (1953). The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York: Norton.
55. Urberg, K. A., Degirmencioglu, S. M., & Pilgrim, C. (1997). Close friend and group influence on adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use. Developmental Psychology, 33, 834-844.
56. Urberg, K. A., Degirmencioglu, S. M., Tolson, J. M., & Halliday-Scher, K. (1995). The structure of adolescent peer networks. Developmental Psychology, 31, 540-547.
57. Virk, J., Aggarwal, Y. P., & Bhan, R. N. (1983). Similarity versus complementarity in clique formation. The Journal of Social Psychology, 120, 27-34.
58. Wentzel, K. R., & Caldwell, K. (1997). Friendships, peer acceptance, and group membership: Relations to academic achievement in middle school. Child Development, 68, 1198-1209.
59. Zahn-Waxler, C. (1993). Warriors and worriers: Gender and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 79-90.