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1
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F. Capasso, Science 235, 172 (1987).
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Science
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, pp. 172
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Capasso, F.1
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3
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0003815509
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B. Heinrich Springer-Verlag, Berlin Vols. I and II., J. A. C. Bland
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Ultrathin Magnetic Structures, edited by J. A. C. Bland and B. Heinrich (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994), Vols. I and II.
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Ultrathin Magnetic Structures
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4
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E. E. Fullerton, I. K. Schuller, F. T. Parker, K. A. Svinarich, G. L. Eesley, R. Bhadra, and M. Grimsditch, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 7370 (1993).
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J. Appl. Phys.
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Fullerton, E.E.1
Schuller, I.K.2
Parker, F.T.3
Svinarich, K.A.4
Eesley, G.L.5
Bhadra, R.6
Grimsditch, M.7
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8
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85037880575
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On the formation of a coherent multilayer from what are conventionally understood as cubic components, the symmetry of the structure within the individual layers is reduced to tetragonal as a result of atomic spacing changes associated with the constraint of coherent growth. While the conventional Bravais lattice of the material within each layer is body-centered-tetragonal, in order to preserve the simple relationship with the original cubic lattice a face-centered-tetragonal cell with c defined along the layer normal is referred to here.
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On the formation of a coherent multilayer from what are conventionally understood as cubic components, the symmetry of the structure within the individual layers is reduced to tetragonal as a result of atomic spacing changes associated with the constraint of coherent growth. While the conventional Bravais lattice of the material within each layer is body-centered-tetragonal, in order to preserve the simple relationship with the original cubic lattice a face-centered-tetragonal cell with c defined along the layer normal is referred to here.
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13
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0000525267
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D. Li, M. Freitag, J. Pearson, Z. Q. Qiu, and S. D. Bader, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 6425 (1994).
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J. Appl. Phys.
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, pp. 6425
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Li, D.1
Freitag, M.2
Pearson, J.3
Qiu, Z.Q.4
Bader, S.D.5
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15
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0011888557
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The sputtering conditions were to initially chosen favor nucleation processes to form a continuous Cu buffer (a low sputtering pressure of ∼1 Pa and a low deposition rate of ∼0.01 nm (Formula presented) were used). The multilayers were then grown at a higher sputtering pressure (∼4.5 Pa) and a higher deposition rate (∼0.1 nm (Formula presented)), with the temperature reduced during deposition from ∼470 to ∼400 K. See R. E. Somekh and C. S. Baxter, J. Cryst. Growth 76, 119 (1986).
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(1986)
J. Cryst. Growth
, vol.76
, pp. 119
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Somekh, R.E.1
Baxter, C.S.2
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16
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0029706681
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R. F. Ziolo R. D. Shull R. S. Averback G. Mazzone R. Bormann Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, MRS Symposia Proceedings No. 400
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S. J. Lloyd, R. E. Somekh and W. M. Stobbs, in Metastable Phases and Microstructures, edited by R. Bormann, G. Mazzone, R. S. Averback, R. D. Shull, and R. F. Ziolo, MRS Symposia Proceedings No. 400 (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1996), p. 317.
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Metastable Phases and Microstructures
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Lloyd, S.J.1
Somekh, R.E.2
Stobbs, W.M.3
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17
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33847502370
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E. E. Fullerton, I. K. Schuller, H. Vanderstraeten, and Y. Bruynseraede, Phys. Rev. B 45, 9292 (1992).
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Phys. Rev. B
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Fullerton, E.E.1
Schuller, I.K.2
Vanderstraeten, H.3
Bruynseraede, Y.4
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18
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85037880801
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Elastic, Piezoelectric, Piezooptic, Electrooptic, Constants, and Nonlinear Dielectric Susceptibilities of Crystals, edited by K. H. Hellwege and O. Madelung, Landolt-Börnstein, New Series, Group III, Vol. 2 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969).
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Elastic, Piezoelectric, Piezooptic, Electrooptic, Constants, and Nonlinear Dielectric Susceptibilities of Crystals, edited by K. H. Hellwege and O. Madelung, Landolt-Börnstein, New Series, Group III, Vol. 2 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969).
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20
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0000102078
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S. H. Lu, J. Quinn, D. Tian, and F. Jona, Surf. Sci. 209, 364 (1989).
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Surf. Sci.
, vol.209
, pp. 364
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Lu, S.H.1
Quinn, J.2
Tian, D.3
Jona, F.4
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21
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0029488336
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K. Sato B. M. Clemens B. M. Lairson T. D. Nguyen Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, MRS Symposia Proceedings No. 382 and S-C. Shin
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S. J. Lloyd, R. E. Somekh, and W. M. Stobbs, in Structure and Properties of Multilayered Thin Films, edited by T. D. Nguyen, B. M. Lairson, B. M. Clemens, K. Sato, MRS Symposia Proceedings No. 382 and S-C. Shin (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1995), p. 155
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(1995)
Structure and Properties of Multilayered Thin Films
, pp. 155
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Lloyd, S.J.1
Somekh, R.E.2
Stobbs, W.M.3
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23
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85037893821
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In high-energy electron diffraction, only the Coulomb potential needs to be considered since exchange and correlation effects are negligible (Refs. 24 and 25
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In high-energy electron diffraction, only the Coulomb potential needs to be considered since exchange and correlation effects are negligible (Refs. 24 and 25).
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25
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0038910773
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P. Rez, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Cryst. Phys., Diffr., Theor. Gen. Crystallogr. 34, 48 (1978).
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(1978)
Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Cryst. Phys., Diffr., Theor. Gen. Crystallogr.
, vol.34
, pp. 48
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Rez, P.1
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26
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0003598030
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Krieger, Florida
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See, e.g., P. B. Hirsch, A. Howie, R. Nicholson, D. W. Pashley, and M. J. Whelan, Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals, 2nd ed. (Krieger, Florida, 1977).
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(1977)
Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals, 2nd ed.
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Hirsch, P.B.1
Howie, A.2
Nicholson, R.3
Pashley, D.W.4
Whelan, M.J.5
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30
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0029586197
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R. E. Dunin-Borkowski, C. B. Boothroyd, S. J. Lloyd, and W. M. Stobbs, J. Microsc. 180, 263 (1995).
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(1995)
J. Microsc.
, vol.180
, pp. 263
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Dunin-Borkowski, R.E.1
Boothroyd, C.B.2
Lloyd, S.J.3
Stobbs, W.M.4
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31
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0003474751
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Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
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W. H. Press, B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. T. Vetterling, Numerical Recipes (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989).
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(1989)
Numerical Recipes
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Press, W.H.1
Flannery, B.P.2
Teukolsky, S.A.3
Vetterling, W.T.4
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33
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84980074290
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P. A. Doyle and P. S. Turner, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Cryst. Phys., Diffr., Theor. Gen. Crystallogr. 24, 390 (1968).
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(1968)
Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Cryst. Phys., Diffr., Theor. Gen. Crystallogr.
, vol.24
, pp. 390
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Doyle, P.A.1
Turner, P.S.2
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34
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84977295671
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D. Rez, P. Rez, and I. Grant, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Found. Crystallogr. 50, 481 (1994).
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(1994)
Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A: Found. Crystallogr.
, vol.50
, pp. 481
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Rez, D.1
Rez, P.2
Grant, I.3
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35
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85037896845
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Only after considering the possible contributions to the observed values of (Formula presented) is it possible to assess which, if either, of the two sets of scattering factors are the more appropriate. If the other parameters affecting the value of (Formula presented) can be determined independently, then an analysis of the Fresnel contrast may in principle be used to determine the true scattering factors, and hence to infer the electron distribution within the multilayer.
-
Only after considering the possible contributions to the observed values of (Formula presented) is it possible to assess which, if either, of the two sets of scattering factors are the more appropriate. If the other parameters affecting the value of (Formula presented) can be determined independently, then an analysis of the Fresnel contrast may in principle be used to determine the true scattering factors, and hence to infer the electron distribution within the multilayer.
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36
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0029586849
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The white lines result from the excitation of p electrons into d-band empty states, and are sensitive to crystal structure, lattice spacing, local charge transfer, and magnetic moment. See S. J. Lloyd, G. A. Botton, and W. M. Stobbs, J. Microsc. 180, 288 (1995).
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(1995)
J. Microsc.
, vol.180
, pp. 288
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Lloyd, S.J.1
Botton, G.A.2
Stobbs, W.M.3
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39
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85037905481
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The concept of “charge transfer” associated with alloying is controversial. See for example, Theory of Alloy phase formation, edited by L. H. Bennett (AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1980). Here only the possibility that the changes in the white lines could be explained by some form of charge redistribution between the alloy components is considered.
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The concept of “charge transfer” associated with alloying is controversial. See for example, Theory of Alloy phase formation, edited by L. H. Bennett (AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1980). Here only the possibility that the changes in the white lines could be explained by some form of charge redistribution between the alloy components is considered.
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42
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0003678714
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Chapman & Hall, London
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The hole count was given by positioning the probe away from the foil edge and measuring the Cu signal. It is generated by stray scattering from the column generating x rays from the Cu surrounding the multilayer, and a further underestimate of the Fe content may result from the surface layer of sputter on the sample. See M. H. Loretto, Electron Beam Analysis of Materials, 2nd ed. (Chapman & Hall, London, 1994).
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(1994)
Electron Beam Analysis of Materials, 2nd ed.
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Loretto, M.H.1
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43
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85037886169
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P. Rez has since calculated a scattering factor for Cu with a (Formula presented) configuration, which is very similar to the DT value.
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P. Rez has since calculated a scattering factor for Cu with a (Formula presented) configuration, which is very similar to the DT value.
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44
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85037894192
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(private communication).
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P. Rez (private communication).
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Rez, P.1
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45
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85037893160
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(private communication).
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A. R. Preston (private communication).
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Preston, A.R.1
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50
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0010352947
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J. P. Rogers III, P. H. Cutler, T. E. Feuchtwang, and A. A. Lucas, Surf. Sci. 181, 436 (1987).
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(1987)
Surf. Sci.
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Rogers III, J.P.1
Cutler, P.H.2
Feuchtwang, T.E.3
Lucas, A.A.4
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57
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3342943166
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D. Li, M. Freitag, J. Pearson, Z. Q. Qiu, and S. D. Bader, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3112 (1994).
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Phys. Rev. Lett.
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, pp. 3112
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Li, D.1
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Pearson, J.3
Qiu, Z.Q.4
Bader, S.D.5
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60
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0344432284
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M. Grimsditch, R. Bhadra, I. K. Schuller, F. Chambers, and G. Devane, Phys. Rev. B 42, 2923 (1990).
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(1990)
Phys. Rev. B
, vol.42
, pp. 2923
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Grimsditch, M.1
Bhadra, R.2
Schuller, I.K.3
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Devane, G.5
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64
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0042488429
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S. Tsunashima C. Rau E. E. Marinero K. M. Krishnan P. Grünberg T. Egami W. J. M. de Jonge R. Clarke C. Chappert R. F. C. Farrow S. A. Chambers B. T. Jonker Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, MRS Synposia Proceedings No. 313
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S. Andrieu, J. Hubsch, M. Piecuch, L. Hennet, and H. Fischer, in Magnetic Ultrathin Films, Multilayers and Surfaces Interfaces and Characterization, edited by B. T. Jonker, S. A. Chambers, R. F. C. Farrow, C. Chappert, R. Clarke, W. J. M. de Jonge, T. Egami, P. Grünberg, K. M. Krishnan, E. E. Marinero, C. Rau, and S. Tsunashima, MRS Synposia Proceedings No. 313 (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, 1993), p. 473.
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(1993)
Magnetic Ultrathin Films, Multilayers and Surfaces Interfaces and Characterization
, pp. 473
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Andrieu, S.1
Hubsch, J.2
Piecuch, M.3
Hennet, L.4
Fischer, H.5
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65
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16444377612
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T. Ueda, G. F. Simenson, W. D. Nix, and B. M. Clemens, in Structure and Properties of Multilayered Thin Films (Ref. 21), p. 279.
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Structure and Properties of Multilayered Thin Films
, pp. 279
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Ueda, T.1
Simenson, G.F.2
Nix, W.D.3
Clemens, B.M.4
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