The NH and CH Bands of Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)

Icarus

Volumn 136, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 268-279

  Meier, Roland ^a   Wellnitz, Dennis ^b   Kim, Sang J ^c   A'Hearn, Michael F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^b Bldg 142   (United States)

^c Kyung Hee University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0006060650     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/icar.1998.6022     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. A'Hearn M. F., Millis R. L., Schleicher D. G., Osip O. J., Birch P. V. The ensemble properties of comets: Results from narrowband photometry of 85 comets, 1976-1992. Icarus. 118:1995;223-270.
2. A'Hearn M. F., Ohlmacher J. T., Schleicher D. G. A High Resolution Solar Atlas for Fluorescence Calculations. Technical Report. 1983.
3. Arpigny C. Spectra of comets and their interpretation. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 3:1965;351-374.
4. Arpigny C. Interpretation of comet spectra. The Study of Comets. 1976;. p. 797-838.
5. Arpigny C., Seippen C. J., Klutz M., Magain P., Hutsemekers D. On the interpretation of the CH cometary spectrum. Proceedings, Symposium on the Diversity and Similarity of Comets, April 1987, Brussels, Belgium. 1987;. p. 607-612.
6. 1816. J. Geophys. Res. 100:1995;5827-5834.
7. 2v. Chem. Phys. Lett. 158:1989;321-324.
8. 2. Chem. Phys. Lett. 71:1980;242-245.
9. 2. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 139:1990;1-10.
10. Bernath P. F., Brazier C. R., Olsen T., Hailey R., Fernando W. T. M. L. Spectroscopy of the CH free radical. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 147:1991;16-26.
11. 3-. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 34:1970;487-499.
12. 3-. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 120:1986;381-402.
13. Brown J. M., Evenson K. M. The microwave and far-infrared spectra of the CH radical. Astrophys. J. 268:1983;L51-L56.
14. Brzozowski J., Bunker P., Elander N., Erman P. Predissociation effects in the A, B, and C states of CH and the interstellar formation rate of CH via inverse predissociation. Astrophys. J. 207:1976;414-424.
15. 2. Icarus. 107:1994;164-188.
16. 2. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67:1977;118-119.
17. Cochran W. D. High resolution spectroscopy of P/Halley. Symposium on the Diversity and Similarity of Comets. 1986;. p. 195-207.
18. 2. Icarus. 105:1993;235-253.
19. Combi M. R. Time-dependent gas kinetics in tenuous planetary atmospheres: The cometary coma. Icarus. 123:1996;207-226.
20. Crovisier J. The photodissociation of water in cometary atmosphere. Astron. Astrophys. 213:1989;459-464.
21. Das G., Wahl A. C. Ab initio. J. Chem. Phys. 61:1974;433-434.
22. 1816. Astron. Astrophys. 302:1995;301-316.
23. 3-. Chem. Phys. Lett. 107:1984;181-186.
24. Feldman P. D., Fournier K. B., Grinin V. P., Zvereva A. M. The abundance of ammonia in Comet P/Halley derived from ultraviolet spectrophotometry of NH byASTRONIUE. Astrophys. J. 404:1993;348-355.
25. Festou M. C. The density distribution of neutral compounds in cometary atmospheres. I. Models and equations. Astron. Astrophys. 95:1981;69-79.
26. Filippenko A. V. The importance of atmospheric differential refraction in spectrophotometry. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific. 94:1982;715-721.
27. Gérard E., Crovisier J., Colom P., Biver N., Bockelée-Morvan D., Rauer H. Observations of the OH radical in Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) with the Nançay radio telescope. Planet. Space. Sci. 46:1998;569-577.
28. Gerö V. L. Vervollständigung der Analyse der CH-Banden. Z. Phys. 118:1941a;27-36.
29. Gerö V. L. Das Bandenspektrum des CD-Moleküls. Z. Phys. 117:1941b;709-721.
30. Gingerich O., Noyes R. W., Kalkofen W., Cuny Y. The Harvard-Smithsonian reference atmosphere. Sol. Phys. 18:1971;347-365.
31. Greenstein J. L. High-resolution spectra of Comet Mrkos (1957d). Astrophys. J. 128:1958;106.
32. 22. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 12:1966;307-321.
33. Haser L. Distribution d'intensité dans la tête d'une comète. Bull. Acad. R. Belg. Cl. Sci. Ser. 5. 43:1957;740-750.
34. 2. J. Chem. Phys. 76:1980;729-731.
35. Herzberg G. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. I. Spectra of Diatomic Molecules. 1950;Van Nostrand, Princeton.
36. Herzberg G., Johns J. W. C. New spectra of the CH molecule. Astrophys. J. 158:1969;399-418.
37. Hicks M. D., Fink U. Spectrophotometry and the development of emission for C/1996 B2 (Comet Hyakutake). Icarus. 127:1997;307-318.
38. Hinze J., Lie G. C., Liu B. Valence excited states of CH. III. Radiative lifetimes. Astrophys. J. 196:1975;621-631.
39. Huber H. P., Herzberg G. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules. 1979;Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York. p. 508-515.
40. Huebner W. F., Keady J. J., Lyon S. P. Solar photorates for planetary atmospheres and atmospheric pollutants. Astrophys. Space Sci. 195:1992;1-294.
41. 2. Astrophys. J. 495:1998;946-950.
42. 3. J. Chem. Phys. 91:1989;1440-1445.
43. Kim S. J., A'Hearn M. F., Brown M., Spinrad H. High resolution spectroscopy of theAXBX. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 23:1991;1166.
44. Kim S. J., A'Hearn M. F., Brown M., Spinrad H., Kleine M., Gredel R. High resolution spectroscopy of Comet Austin (1989c1) in the 3800-8500 Å range. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 24:1992;1001.
45. Kim S. J., A'Hearn M. F., Cochran W. D. NH emissions in comets: Fluorescence vs collisions. Icarus. 77:1989;98-108.
46. Kirby K. P., Goldfield E. M. Theoretical study of the radiative properties of the triplet states of the NH radical: Transition dipole moments, radiative lifetimes, photodissociation cross sections. J. Chem. Phys. 94:1991;1271-1276.
47. 2. Astron. J. 101:1991;1915-1919.
48. Krasnopolsky V. A. Spectroscopic study of comet Halley by the Vega 2 three-channel spectrometer. Nature. 321:1986;269-271.
49. Kovács I. Rotational Structure in the Spectra of Diatomic Molecules. 1969;Am. Elsevier, New York.
50. Labs D., Neckel H. Transformation of the absolute solar radiation data into the international practical temperature scale of 1968. Sol. Phys. 15:1970;79-87.
51. 2. J. Chem. Phys. 79:1983;2270-2277.
52. Lents J. M. An evaluation of molecular constants and transition probabilities for the NH free radical. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 13:1973;297-310.
53. ++. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans. 12:1972;947-958.
54. Litvak M. M., Kuiper E. N. R. Cometary NH: Ultraviolet and submillimeter emission. Astrophys. J. 253:1982;622-633.
55. Meier R., Eberhardt P., Krankowsky D., Hodges R. R. Ammonia in Comet P/Halley. Astron. Astrophys. 287:1994;268-278.
56. Ortiz M., Campos J. Lifetimes of excited states of CH. Physica C. 114:1982;135-139.
57. 35-. J. Chem. Phys. 94:1991;1913-1922.
58. 3-. Chem. Phys. Lett. 174:1990;113-118.
59. Press W. H., Teukolsky S. A., Vetterling W. T., Flannery B. P. Numerical Recipes in Fortran: The Art of Scientific Computing. 1992;Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
60. 3333. Astron. Astrophys. 41:1975a;213-215.
61. Schadee A. Theory of first rotational lines in transitions of diatomic molecules. Astron. Astrophys. 41:1975b;203-212.
62. Schleicher D. G., A'Hearn M. F. OH fluorescence in comets: Fluorescence efficiency of the ultraviolet bands. Astrophys. J. 258:1982;864-877.
63. Schleicher D. G., A'Hearn M. F. The fluorescence of cometary OH. Astrophys. J. 331:1988;1058-1077.
64. Singh P. D., Dalgarno A. Photodissociation lifetimes of CH and CD radicals in comets. Proceedings, Symposium on the Diversity and Similarity of Comets, April 1987, Brussels, Belgium. 1987;. p. 177-180.
65. Singh P. D., Gruenwald R. B. The photodissociation lifetimes of the NH radical in comets. Astron. Astrophys. 178:1987;277-282.
66. 2. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Trans. 9:1969;1191-1199.
67. Swings P. Lick Obs. Bull. 19:1941;131.
68. Tegler S. C., O'Dell C. R. Spectrophotometry of Comets Giacobini-Zinner and Halley. Astrophys. J. 317:1987;987-991.
69. 2+v. J. Chem. Phys. 84:1986;3032-3041.
70. Valk J. H., O'Dell C. R., Cochran A. L., Cochran W. D., Opal C. B., Barker E. S. Near-ultraviolet spectroscopy of Comet Austin (1989c1). Astrophys. J. 388:1992;621-632.
71. Walmsley C. M., Hermsen W., Henkel C., Mauersberger R., Wilson T. L. Deuterated ammonia in the Orion hot core. Astron. Astrophys. 172:1987;311-315.
72. Whiting E. E., Paterson J. A., Kovács I., Nicholls R. W. Computer checking of rotational line intensity factors for diatomic transitions. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 47:1973;84-98.
73. Wootten A., Butler B., Bockelee-Morvan D., Crovisier J., Palmer P., Despois D., Yeomans D. IAU Circ. 1996.
74. 1. J. Chem. Phys. 91:1989;4745-4757.
75. 3. Icarus. 74:1988;121-132.
76. Zare R. N. Technical Report. 1963.