A contemporary assessment of the mesospheric energy budget

Geophysical Monograph Series

Volumn 123, Issue , 2000, Pages 37-52

  Mlynczak, Martin G ^a  

^a NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0005838818     PISSN: 00658448     EISSN: 23288779     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1029/GM123p0037     Document Type: Chapter

References (63)

1. Apruzese, J. P., M. R. Schoeberl, and D. F. Strobel, Parameterization of IR cooling in a middle atmosphere dynamics model 1. Effects on the zonally averaged circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 8951-8966, 1982.
2. Apruzese, J. F., M. R. Schoeberl, and D. F. Strobel, Parameterization of IR cooling in a middle atmosphere dynamics model. 1. Effects on the zonally averaged circulation, J Geophys. Res., 87, 8951-8966, 1984.
3. Barkstrom, B. R., The earth radiation budget experiment (ERBE), Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 65, 1170-1185, 1984.
4. Brasseur, G., and D. Offerman, Recombination of atomic oxygen near the mesopause: Interpretation of rocket data, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10, 818-10, 824, 1986.
5. Clancy, R. T., D. W. Rusch, and M. T. Callan, Temperature minima in the average thermal structure of the middle mesosphere (70-80 km) from analysis of 40- to 92-km SME global temperature profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 19, 001-19, 020, 1994.
6. Crutzen, P. J., Energy conversions and mean vertical motions in the high latitude summer mesosphere and lower thermosphere, in Mesospheric Models and Related Experiments, edited by G. Fiocco, pp 78-88, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1971.
7. Dickinson, R. E., E. C. Ridley, and R. G. Roble, Thermospheric general circulation with coupled dynamics and composition, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 205-219, 1984.
8. Drayson, S. R., Calculation of longwave radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres, Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Michigan, 110 pp., 1967.
9. Dunkerton, T., On the mean meridional mass motions of the stratosphere and mesosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 2325-2333, 1978.
10. Garcia, R. R., F. Stordal, S. Solomon, and J. T. Kiehl, A new numerical model of the middle atmosphere. 1. Dynamics and transport of tropospheric gases, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 3559-3585, 1992.
11. Garcia, R. R., S. Solomon, R. G. Roble, and D. W. Rusch, A numerical study of the response of the middle atmosphere to the 11 year solar cycle, Planet. Space Sci., 411-423, 1984.
12. Garcia, R. R., and S. Solomon, A new numerical model of the middle atmosphere. 2. Ozone and related species, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12, 937-12, 951, 1994.
13. Garcia, R. R., and S. Solomon, A numerical model of the zonally averaged dynamical and chemical structure of the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1379-1400, 1983.
14. Gardner, C. S., and W. Yang, Measurements of the dynamical cooling rate associated with the vertical transport of heat by dissipating gravity waves in the mesopause region at the Starfire Optical Range, NM, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16, 909-16, 927, 1998.
15. Hagan, M. E., J. M. Forbes, and F. Vial, On modeling migrating solar tides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 893-896, 1995.
16. Heavner, M. et al., Sprites, jets, and elves: Visible energy transport across the stratopause, this volume, 2000.
17. Hines, C. O., Dynamical heating of the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 177-183, 1965.
18. Houghton, J. T., Absorption and emission by carbon-dioxide in the mesosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc, 96, 767-770, 1970.
19. Houghton, J. T., Absorption and emission by carbon-dioxide in the mesosphere, Q. J. R. Meteor ol. Soc, 85, 1-20, 1969.
20. Keating, G. M., and S. Bougher, Isolation of major Venus thermospheric cooling mechanism and implications for Earth and Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 4189, 1992.
21. Kellog, W. W., Chemical heating above the mesopause in winter, J. Meteorol, 18, 373-381, 1961.
22. Kiefer, J. H., and Lutz, R. W., The effect of oxygen atoms on the vibrational relaxation of oxygen, 11th Symposium on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 67-76, 1967.
23. Kuhn, W. R, Infrared radiative transfer in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, Scientific report, Dept. Astro-Geophysics, Univ. of Colorado, 159 pp., 1966.
24. Liu, H., M. E. Hagan, and R. G. Roble, Local mean state changes due to gravity wave breaking modulated by diurnal tide, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2000.
25. 2 and CO abundances in the mesosphere and thermosphere, this volume, 2000.
26. 2(v2) vibrational temperatures retrieved from ATMOS/Spacelab 3 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 20, 469-20, 478, 1992.
27. 2 15 μm bands in the middle atmosphere, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 118, 499-532, 1992.
28. Lopez-Puertas, M., M. A. Lopez-Valverde, and F. W. Taylor, Studies of solar heating by C02 in the upper atmosphere using a non-LTE model and satellite data, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 809-822, 1990.
29. Lopez-Puertas, M., and F. W. Taylor, Carbon dioxide 4.3 um emission in the Earth's atmosphere: A comparison between Nimbus 7 SAMS measurements and non-LTE radiative transfer calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 13, 045-13, 068, 1989.
30. 2 15 um bands, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 48, 729-748, 1986.
31. 2(1) vibrational levels, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 48, 749-764, 1986.
32. Lubken, F. J., Seasonal variation of turbulent energy dissipation rates at high latitudes as determined by in-situ measurements of neutral density fluctuations, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 13, 441-13, 456, 1997.
33. McDade, LC, Laboratory measurements required for upper atmosphere remote sensing of atomic oxygen, Adv. Space. Res., 21, 1998.
34. Mertens, C. J., M. G. Mlynczak, R. R. Garcia, and R. W. Portmann, A detailed evaluation of the stratospheric heat budget. I. Radiation transfer, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6021-6038, 1999.
35. Mlynczak, M. G., and C. J. Mertens, M. Lopez-Puertas, P.P. Wintersteiner, R. H. Picard, and J. Winick, Kinetic requirements for the measurement of temperature at 15 um under non-LTE conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., revised, 2000b.
36. Mlynczak, M. G., R. Roble, R. Garcia, and M. Hagan, Solar energy deposition rates in the mesosphere derived from airglow observations: Implications for the ozone deficit problem, J. Geophys. Res., revised, 2000a.
37. Mlynczak, M. G., A new perspective on the molecular oxygen and hydroxy 1 airglow emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 27, 535-27, 543, 1999.
38. Mlynczak, M. G., Mertens, C. J., R. R. Garcia, and R. W. budget. II. Global radiation balance and diabatic circulations, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6039-6066, 1999b.
39. Mlynczak, M.G, D. K. Zhou, M. Lopez-Puertas, G. Zaragoza, and J. M. Russell III, Kinetic requirements for the measurement of water vapor at 6.8 um under non-LTE conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 63-66, 1999a.
40. Mlynczak, M. G., and D. K. Zhou, Kinetic and spectroscopic requirements for the measurement of mesospheric ozone at 9.6 um under non-LTE conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 639-642, 1998.
41. Mlynczak, M. G., D. K. Zhou, S. M. Adler-Golden, Kinetic and spectroscopic requirements for the inference of chemical heating rates and atomic hydrogen densities from OH Meinel band measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 647-650, 1998.
42. Mlynczak, M. G, and B. T. Marshall, A reexamination of the role of solar heating in the 0 2 atmospheric and infrared atmospheric bands, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 657-660, 1996.
43. Mlynczak, M. G., and D. S. Olander, On the utility of the molecular oxygen dayglow emissions as proxies for middle atmospheric ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1, 377-1, 380, 1995.
44. Mlynczak, M. G, and S. Solomon, A detailed evaluation of the heating efficiency in the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10, 517-10, 541, 1993.
45. Mlynczak, M. G., and S. Solomon, Middle atmosphere heating by exothermic chemical reactions involving odd-hydrogen species, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 37-40, 1991
46. Murgatroyd, R. J., and R. M. Goody, Sources and sinks of radiative energy from 30 to 90 km, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 87, 225-234, 1958.
47. Roble, R.G., On the feasibility of developing a global atmospheric model extending from the ground to the exosphere, this volume 2000.
48. Roble, R. G, Energetics of the Mesosphere and Thermosphere, The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: A review of experiment and theory, Geophysical Monograph No. 87, 1-21, American Geophysical Union, 1995.
49. Roble, R. G., et al., Joule heating in the mesosphere and thermosphere during the July 13, 1982 solar proton event, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6083-6090, 1987b.
50. Roble, R. G, E. C. Ridley, and R. E. Dickinson, On the global mean structure of the thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 8745-8758, 92, 1987a.
51. Rodgers, C. D., F. W. Taylor, A. H. Muggeridge, M. Lopez-Puertas, and M. A. Lopez-Valverde, Local thermodynamic equilibrium of carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 589-592, 1992.
52. Schoeberl, M.R., D. F. Strobel, and J.P. Apruzese, A numerical model of gravity wave breaking and stress in the mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 5249-5259, 1983.
53. Sharma, R. D., and P. P. Wintersteiner, Role of carbon dioxide in cooling planetary atmospheres, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2201-2204, 1990.
54. 2(0110)-O collisions and its significance for the thermal regime and radiation in the lower thermosphere, Atmos. Ocean. Phys., 27, 295, 1991.
55. Shved, G. M., Role of airglow in the cooling of the atmosphere near the mesopause, Geomagn. Aeron., 3, 500-501, 1972.
56. Solomon, S., G. C. Reid, D. W. Rusch, and R. J. Thomas, Mesospheric ozone depletion during the solar proton even of July 13, 1982, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 257-261, 1983b.
57. Solomon, S., D. W. Rusch, R. J. Thomas, R. S. Eckman, Comparison of mesospheric ozone abundances measured by the Solar Mesosphere Explorer and model calculations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 249-252, 1983a.
58. Summers, M. and R. Conway, Insights into middle atmosphere odd-hydrogen chemistry from analysis of MAHRSI observations of hydroxy 1 (OH), this volume, 2000.
59. Suomi, V. E., and W. C. Shen, Horizontal variation of infrared cooling and the generation of eddy available potential energy, J. Atmos. Sci., 20, 62-65, 1962.
60. Thomas, R. J., Atomic hydrogen and atomic oxygen density in the mesopause region: Global and seasonal variations deduced from Solar Mesosphere Explorer near-infrared observations, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16, 457-16, 476, 1990.
61. Vonder Haar, T. H., and V. E. Suomi, Measurements of the Earth's radiation budget from satellites during a five-year period. Part I. Extended time and space means, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 305-314, 1969.
62. Wielicki, B. A., B. R. Barkstrom, E. F. Harrison, R. B. Lee III, G. L. Smith, and J. E. Cooper, Clouds and the Earth's radiant energy system (CERES): An Earth Observing System experiment, Bull. Amer. Met. Soc, 11, 853-868, 1996.
63. Zipf, E. C, The collisional deactivation of metastable atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere, Can. J. Chem., 47, 1863-1870, 1969.