Bulgaro-Turkish encounters and the re-imaging of the Bulgarian nation (1878-1995)

East European Quarterly

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 1-18

  Neuburger, Mary ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0005532641     PISSN: 00128449     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. M. Herzfeld, The Social Production of Indifference: Exploring the Symbolic Roots of Western Bureaucracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), p. 23.
2. K. Engelbrekt, "Roots of Intolerance: Bulgaria." Report on Eastern Europe and Russia, RFE/RL (3,16: 75-79. April 12, 1994), p. 77.
3. For a discussion of Orientalism and the European obsession with the Ottoman "other," see B. Lewis, Islam and the West (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993).
4. M. Pundeff, "Bulgarian Nationalism," pp. 93-166, in P. Sugar and I. Lederer, eds., Nationalism in Eastern Europe (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994).
5. D. Skalon, Moi Vospominaniye: 1877-8 (St. Petersburg: Tipografia T-va M.O. Volf, 1913), p. 1.
6. H. Kostanick, Turkish Resettlement of Bulgarian Turks: 1950-1953 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1957), p. 20.
7. Pundeff, p. 130.
8. Iovkov boldly problematizes the image of the "evil Turk" which pervades much of the nationalist sentiment in Bulgarian literature. His presentation of Turkish, protagonists, of the positive side of Turkish culture and of good relationships between Turks and Christians challenge this pillar of Bulgarian national sentiment.
9. For a Bulgarian analysis of the multiple meanings of Bai Ganyu, see B. Penev, "Prevrushtaniyato na Bai Banyu," pp. 121-131, in I. Elenkov, Zashto Sme Takiva? V Turcene na Bulgarskata Kulturna Identichnost (Sofia: Izdatelstvo "Prosveta," 1995).
10. See S. Shishkov, Pomatsi v Trite Bulgarski Oblasti: Trakia, Makedonia i Mizia (Plovdiv: Pechatnitsa "Makedonia," 1914),
11. and S. Shishkov, Bulgaro-Mokhamedani: Istoriko-zemepisen I Narodouchen Pregled v Obrazi (Plovdiv: Turgovska Pechatnitsa, 1936).
12. See Y. Memishev, Uchastieto na Bugarskite Turtsi v Borbata Protiv Kapitalizm i Fashizm 1919-1944 (Sofia: Partizdat, 1977), p. 109-219.
13. For idealized descriptions of this process of "economic and cultural elevation" of Turks in Bulgaria, see M. Myuclyumov, Bulgarskala Komunisticheskata Portia i Turskoto Naselenieto v Bulgaria (1891-1944) (Sofia: Izdatelstvo na BKP, 1967);
14. N. Tepev, Tursko Naselenie v Narodno Republika Bulgaria (Sofia: Durzhavno Boenno Izdatelstvo, 1954);
15. and E. Misirkova, Turetskoe Menshinstvo v Narodnoe Republike Bolgarii (Sofia: "Stopancko Rasvitie," 1951).
16. See the Bulgarian-Turkish Communist periodical Yeni Ishik (83), 13.12.71, p. 3.,
17. and Yeni Ishik (90), 29.7.71, p. 3.
18. S. Mikhailov, Vuzrozhdenskiat Protses v Bulgaria (Sofia: "M 8 M," 1992), p. 93.
19. K. Karpat, "Introduction: Bulgaria's Methods of Nation Building - the Annihilation of Minorities," International Journal of Turkish Studies (4,2: 1-23, Fall/Winter 1989), p. 7.
20. K. Karpat, ed. The Turks of Bulgaria: The History, Culture, and Political Fate of a Minority (Istanbul: The ISIS Press, 1990), p. 5.
21. For complete discussion, see Karpat, 1989, 1990, and A. Eminov, "There Are No Turks in Bulgaria," International Journal of Turkish Studies (4,2: 1-23, Fall/Winter 1989).
22. Eminov, p. 217.
23. D. Vasileva, "Bulgarian Turkish Emigration and Return," International Migration Review (26,2: 342-352, 1992), p. 349.
24. D. Vasileva, International Migration Review, Ibid., p. 347.
25. M. Todorova, "Bulgarian Historical Writing on the Ottoman Empire," New Perspectives on Turkey, Spring (2): 97-188, 1995, p. 113.
26. See in particular N. Iordanov, Pantyurkizmut I Evropeiskata Ideya (Sofia: Universitetsko Izdatelstvo "SV. Kliment Okhridski," 1995).
27. V. Tchukov, Still in the Queue: Bulgaria Waits for Democracy (London: Alliance Publishers, 1990), p. 18.
28. B. Borisov and V. Zhechev, "Etnicheskiat Konflikt i Politicheskite Promeni u Nas," Sotsiologicheski Pregled (5: 89-96, 1990), p. 93.
29. S. Ashley, "Ethnic Unrest During January." Report on Eastern Europe and Russia. RFE/RL (3,16: 4-10. February 9, 1990), p. 8.
30. Borisov and Zhechev, p. 92
31. K. Engelbrekt, "The Movement for Rights and Freedoms," Report on Eastern Europe and Russia, RFE/RL (3,16: 5-9. May 3, 1991), p. 5-6. The Party's demands include the restoration of property and jobs to Turks who fled Communist oppression, the optional teaching of Turkish language and Islamic theology in state schools, the restoration of regional cultural institutions and mosques, the lifting of the ban on Muslim religious rights, and publishing of Islamic literature, and the introduction of Ramadan and Kurman as national holidays for Muslims.
32. Borisov and Zhechev, p. 87.
33. Engelbrekt, 1994, p. 76. Both of these parties had contacts and signed agreements with Vladimir Zhirinovsky (whose Russian party is the BLDP's namesake) when he was in Bulgaria in 1993.
34. E. Dimitrov, "Natsionalniat Vupros na Stranitsite na Kharakterni Tsentralni Vestnitsi u Nas Prez 1991 Godina," Sotsiologicheski Problemi (3: 33-51, 1993), p. 35.
35. E. Dimitrov,Sotsiologicheski Problemi, Ibid., p. 36.
36. E. Dimitrov,Sotsiologicheski Problemi, Ibid., p. 36.
37. E. Dimitrov,Sotsiologicheski Problemi, Ibid., p. 37.
38. E. Dimitrov,Sotsiologicheski Problemi, Ibid., p. 38.
39. E. Dimitrov,Sotsiologicheski Problemi, Ibid., p. 39.
40. E. Dimitrov,Sotsiologicheski Problemi, Ibid., p. 47.
41. E. Dimitrov,Sotsiologicheski Problemi, Ibid., p. 49.
42. E. Dimitrov,Sotsiologicheski Problemi, Ibid., p. 45.
43. Zemya, 11.9.95, p. 4.
44. 168 Chasa, 11.19.95, p. 16.
45. Demokratsia, 11.5.95, p. 5.
46. Zora, 11.31.95, p. 8.
47. Mikhailov, p. 90.
48. Ibid., p. 111.
49. Ibid., p. 5.
50. See, for example B. Asenov, Natsia, Religia, Natsionalizum (Sofia: "GEYA-INF." 1994),
51. and O. Zagorov, Moderniyat Nationalizum (Sofia: Bulgarika, 1995).
52. K. Manchev, Natsionalniyat Vupros na Balkanite (Sofia: Izdatelstovo "LANS," 1995), p. 265.
53. Ts. Georgieva, "Tendentsii v Ethnicheskite i Konfesionalite Otnoshenie v Malkite Gradove na Iztochnite Rodopi," in Aspekti na Etnokulturnata Situatsia v Bulgaria I na Balkanite (Sofia: Fondatsia "Friedrich Nauman," 1992), p. 60.
54. See, for example, the political cartoons of T. Tsonev, Ot Totalitarianizum kum Demokratsia: Karikaturi (Sofia: Universitetsko Izdatelstvo "SV. Kliment Okhridski," 1992).