The socio-political context of zero tolerance policing strategies

Policing

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 666-682

  Hopkins Burke, Roger ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Police; Postmodernism

Indexed keywords

EID: 0005421745     PISSN: 1363951X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/13639519810241683     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Baudrillard, J. (1981), For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign, Telos Press, St Louis, MO.
2. Baudrillard, J. (1988), Selected Writings, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
3. Baudrillard, J. (1990), Fatal Strategies: Crystal Revenge, Semiotext(e)/Pluto Press, New York, NY.
4. Bauman, Z. (1987), Legislators and Interpreters, Polity Press, Cambridge.
5. Bauman, Z. (1989), Modernity and the Holocaust, Polity Press, Cambridge.
6. Bauman, Z. (1991), Modernity and Ambivalence, Polity Press, Cambridge.
7. Bauman, Z. (1993), Postmodern Ethics, Blackwell, Oxford.
8. Bayley, D. (1994), Police for the Future, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
9. Blair, T. (1997), "Interview with Tony Blair", The Big Issue, 8 January.
10. Bratton, W.J. (1996), "How we cleared up New York", The Sunday Times, 24 November.
11. Bratton, W.J. (1997), "Crime is down in New York City: blame the police", in Dennis, N. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance: Policing a Free Society, Institute for Economic Affairs, London.
12. Bucke, T. (1995), Policing and the Public: Findings from the 1994 British Crime Survey, Home Office Research and Statistics Department, Research Findings No. 28, Home Office, London.
13. Carlin, J. (1997), "New York's finest accused of brutality", The Independent, 18 August, p. 10.
14. Chesshyre, R. (1997), "Enough is enough", Telegraph Magazine, 1 March, pp. 20-6.
15. Crowther, C. (1998), "Policing the excluded society", in Hopkins Burke, R. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance Policing, Perpetuity Press, Leicester.
16. Currie, E. (1997), "The scalpel not the chainsaw: the US experience with public order", City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, Vol. 1 No. 8, pp. 132-7.
17. Dennis, N. and Mallon, R. (1997), "Confident policing in Hartlepool", in Dennis, N. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance: Policing a Free Society, Institute for Economic Affairs, London.
18. Ellis, W. (1996), "Justice of the first resort", The Sunday Times, 24 November.
19. Friedmann, R.R. (1992), Community Policing: Comparative Perspectives and Prospects, Harvester Wheatsheaf, London.
20. Galbraith, J.K. (1992), The Culture of Contentment, Penguin, London.
21. Giddens, A. (1994), Beyond Left and Right, Polity, Cambridge.
22. Harvey, D. (1989), The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
23. Hopkins Burke, R. (Ed.) (1998a), Zero Tolerance Policing, Perpetuity Press, Leicester.
24. Hopkins Burke, R. (1998b), "Introducing zero tolerance policing", in Hopkins Burke, R. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance Policing, Perpetuity Press, Leicester.
25. Hopkins Burke, R. (1998c), "A contextualisation of zero tolerance policing strategies", in Hopkins Burke, R. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance Policing, Perpetuity Press, Leicester.
26. Johnston, P. (1997), "Mean streets where they test the zero option", The Daily Telegraph, 8 January.
27. Kelling, G.L. and Coles, C.M. (1996), Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities, The Free Press, New York, NY.
28. King, M. and Brearley, N. (1996), Public Order Policing: Contemporary Perspectives on Strategy and Tactics, Perpetuity Press, Leicester.
29. Knights, R. (1998), "The slide to ashes': an antidote to zero tolerance", in Hopkins Burke, R. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance Policing, Perpetuity Press, Leicester.
30. Lea, J. and Young, J. (1984), What is to be Done about Law and Order?, Penguin, Harmondsworth.
31. Lyotard, J.-F. (1984), The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
32. McLaughlin, E. (1996), "Police, policing and policework", in McLaughlin, E. and Muncie, J. (Eds), Controlling Crime, Sage in Association with the Open University, London.
33. Matthews, R. and Young, J. (Eds) (1986), Confronting Crime, Sage, London.
34. Matthews, R. and Young, J. (Eds) (1992), Issues in Realist Criminology, Sage, London.
35. Metropolitan Police (1995), Policing Plan 1995/96, Metropolitan Police, Scotland Yard.
36. Michael, A. (1997), "First steps in consultation on crime and disorder", Home Office News Release, 149/97, 12 June.
37. Miller, J. (1996), cited in Chaudhary, V. and Walker, M. (1996), "The petty crime war", The Guardian, 21 November.
38. Morgan, R. (1997), "Swept along by zero option", The Guardian, 22 January.
39. Morgan, R. and Newburn, T. (1997), The Future of Policing, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
40. Norris, C., Fielding, N., Kemp, C. and Fielding, J. (1992), "Black and blue: an analysis of the influence of race on being stopped by the police", British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 43 No. 2, pp. 207-24.
41. NY1 (1997a), NY1 Television News Channel Internet Service, 4 November.
42. NY1 (1997b), NY1 Television News Channel Internet Service, 18 December.
43. Orr, J. (1997), "Strathclyde's spotlight initiative", in Dennis, N. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance: Policing a Free Society, Institute for Economic Affairs, London.
44. Oxford, K. (1982), "Community policing: looking for a definition", Police Officer, July.
45. Pollard, C. (1997), "Zero-tolerance: short term fix, long-term liability", in Dennis, N. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance: Policing a Free Society, Institute for Economic Affairs, London.
46. Read, S. (1997), "Below zero", Police Review, 17 January.
47. Romeanes, T. (1998), "A question of confidence: zero tolerance and problem oriented policing", in Hopkins Burke, R. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance Policing, Perpetuity Press, Leicester.
48. Scarman Report (1981), HMSO, London.
49. Sherman, L.W. (1983), "After the riots: police and minorities in the United States, 1970-80", in Glazer, N. and Young, K. (Eds), Ethnic Pluralism and Public Policy, Heinemann, London.
50. Silverman, E.B. (1998), "Below zero tolerance: the New York experience" in Hopkins Burke, R. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance Policing, Perpetuity Press, Leicester.
51. Smith, D. (1987), "The police and community", in Wilmott, P. (Ed.), Policing the Community, Policy Studies Institute, London.
52. Taylor, I. (1997), "New York/Manchester: zero tolerance or reclaim the streets", City: Analysis of Urban Trends, Culture, Theory, Policy, Action, Vol. 1 No. 8, pp. 139-48.
53. The Times (1996), "Zero tolerance: there should be no blind eye to crime", Leading article, 19 November.
54. Travis, A. (1996), "Atlantic cuffings", The Guardian, 21 November.
55. Wadham, J. (1998), "Zero tolerance policing: striking the balance" in Hopkins Burke, R. (Ed.), Zero Tolerance Policing, Perpetuity Press, Leicester.
56. Wilson, J.Q. (1975), Thinking About Crime, Basic Books, New York, NY.
57. Wilson, J.Q. and Kelling, G.L. (1982), "Broken windows", Atlantic Monthly, March, pp. 29-38.
58. Young, J. (1994), "Incessant chatter: recent paradigms in criminology" in Maguire, M., Morgan, R.. and Reiner, R. (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
59. Zedner, L. (1997), "Victims", in Maguire, M., Morgan, R. and Reiner, R. (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford.