Organized Crime and Corruption in Ukraine: Impediments to the Development of a Free Market Economy

Demokratizatsiya

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 648-663

  Shelley, Louise I ^a  

^a AMERICAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0005419608     PISSN: 10746846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Ukraine National Integrity Survey, Citizens' Experiences of Public Service Quality, Integrity, and Corruption (Kyiv: Ministry of Justice, Ukraine, and World Bank, 1997), 13.
2. Daniel Kaufmann, "Governance and Corruption in Transition New Empirical Frontiers for Program Design," presented at OECD/OSCE Conference, Paris, 15-16 July 1998.
3. Ibid., 2.
4. USIA Opinion Analysis, "Lack of Confidence in Political Leaders Deepens in Ukraine, Continues in Russia," 9 February 1998.
5. For a discussion of this by V. M. Episov see A. I. Dologova and S.V. D'iakov, eds., Organizovannaia Prestupnost' Vol. 2 (Moscow 1993), 56-63.
6. P. Williams, "Transnational Criminal Organisations and International Security," Survival 36 (spring 1994): 96-113.
7. See for example, J. A. Leitzel, "Corruption in the Russian Transition," Eurasia Economic Outlook (May 1996): 1.7-1.8.
8. "Lack of Confidence in Political Leaders Deepens in Ukraine. Continues in Russia."
9. Kaufmann, "Governance and Corruption," 24.
10. Declassified FBI information on Odessan organized crime.
11. Statement of George J. Weise, commissioner, United States Customs Service, at the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Government Affairs hearings on Russian Organized Crime in the United States, 15 May 1996.
12. Observatoire Geopolitique des Drogues, The World Geopolitics of Drugs 1995/1996 Annual Report, published on website www.ogd.org/rapport.gb.
13. "Ukraine:Interior Minister on Crime Situation," FBIS-Sov-95- 235 Daily Report, 7 December 1995; presentations at Organized Crime Conference sponsored by Rule of Law program, Kyiv, Ukraine, 17-18 March 1996.
14. M. Los, Communist Ideology, Law and Crime: A Comparative View of the USSR and Poland (London: Macmillan, 1988); K.M.Simis, USSR: The Corrupt Society (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982).
15. M. Los, Communist Ideology, Law and Crime: A Comparative View of the USSR and Poland (London: Macmillan, 1988); K.M.Simis, USSR: The Corrupt Society (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982).
16. Kaufmann, "Governance and Corruption," 14.
17. "Kravchuk Interviewed on Combating Crime," FBIS-SOV-93-014, 25 January 1993, 47-48.
18. L. Shelley, "The Geography of Soviet Criminality," American Sociological Review 45 (1980): 111-22.
19. V. Ovchinskii, Mafiia:Ne Obiavelennyi vizit (Moscow: Infra-M, 1993), 114-15; J. M. Wallerand V. J. Yasmann, "Russia's Great Criminal Revolution: The Role of the Security Services," Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 11 (December 1995), 276-97.
20. V. Ovchinskii, Mafiia:Ne Obiavelennyi vizit (Moscow: Infra-M, 1993), 114-15; J. M. Wallerand V. J. Yasmann, "Russia's Great Criminal Revolution: The Role of the Security Services," Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 11 (December 1995), 276-97.
21. For example see "Russia: FSB Colonel Linked to Odessa Crime," FBIS-SOV-214-S, 13 October 1996.
22. L. I. Shelley, Policing Soviet Society The Evolution of State Control (London and New York: Routledge, 1996), 148-49.
23. Raymond Bonner, "Ukraine Staggers on Path to the Free Market," New York Times, 9 April 1997, A3.
24. "Ukraine: Interior Minister on Crime Situation," FBIS-Sov-95- 235 Daily Report, 1 December 1995; presentations at Organized Crime Conference sponsored by Rule of Law program, Kyiv, Ukraine, 17-18 March 1996.
25. L. I. Shelley, "Privatization and Crime," Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 11 (December 1995): 244-56.
26. Elena Rykovtseva, "Iavlenie Karabasa," Moscow News, 22-29 June 1997, 23.
27. Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research, The Dnipropetrovsk Family (Kyiv: Democracy Fund, 1996).
28. "Ukraine: Prosecutor Views Tense' Crime Situation, Activities," FBIS-SOV-96-225, 13 November 1996.
29. Oleg Varfolomeyev, "Businessman's Murder Impacts Ukrainian Politics," Open Media Research Institute Analytical Briefs, 14 November 1996.
30. Ibid.
31. V. I. Popov, Ob' 'ektno-strukturnyi analiz organizovannoi prestupnoi deiatel 'nosti v sfere chastnykh investitsii (Moscow: Moscow Institut MVD Rossii, 1997).
32. "Ukraine: Prosecutor Views 'Tense' Crime Situation, Activities."
33. See Louise I. Shelley, "The Price Tag of Russia's Organized Crime," Transition 8 (February 1997): 7-8.
34. Taras Kuzio, "Crime Still Ukraine's Greatest Enemy." Jane's Intelligence Review 9 (January 1997): 10-13.
35. Central Intelligence Agency, The Handbook of International Economic Statistics 1996, ed-rom, also on website: www.odci@gov/cia/publications.
36. Douglas Frantz and Raymond Bonner, "A Cosmetics Heir's Joint Venture is Tainted by Ukrainian's Past," New York Times, 5 April 1997, A4.
37. Bonner, "Ukraine Staggers on Path to the Free Market."
38. Joseph Lemire, Statement before the U.S. House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Exporting Finandng and Related Programs, Washington, D.C., 24 April 1997, reprinted in Trends in Organized Crime 3 (Fall 1997): 19-20.
39. "Russia: FSB Colonel Appears Linked to Odessa Crime."
40. Irene Marushko, Kiev Newsroom wire report, 26 March 1997.
41. Elena Rykovtseva, "Iavlenie Karabasa," Moskovskie Novosti, 22-29 June 1997, 23.
42. Amy O'Neill, "International Trafficking in Women from Central Europe and the NIS," Viewpoint, Office of Analysis for Terrorism, Narcotics and Crime, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, U.S. Department of State, Washington, D.C., 16 December 1997.
43. Michael Specter, "Traffickers' New Cargo: Naive Slavic Women," New York Times, 11 January 1998, 1, 6; Gillian Caldwell, Steven Galster and Nadia Steinzor, "Crime and Servitude: An Expose of the Traffic in Women for Prostitution from the Newly Independent States." presented at an international conference on The Trafficking of NIS Women Abroad, Moscow, Russia, 3-5 November 1997, reprinted in Trends in Organized Crime (summer 1998): 10-18.
44. Michael Specter, "Traffickers' New Cargo: Naive Slavic Women," New York Times, 11 January 1998, 1, 6; Gillian Caldwell, Steven Galster and Nadia Steinzor, "Crime and Servitude: An Expose of the Traffic in Women for Prostitution from the Newly Independent States." presented at an international conference on The Trafficking of NIS Women Abroad, Moscow, Russia, 3-5 November 1997, reprinted in Trends in Organized Crime (summer 1998): 10-18.
45. Michael Specter, "Traffickers' New Cargo: Naive Slavic Women," New York Times, 11 January 1998, 1, 6; Gillian Caldwell, Steven Galster and Nadia Steinzor, "Crime and Servitude: An Expose of the Traffic in Women for Prostitution from the Newly Independent States." presented at an international conference on The Trafficking of NIS Women Abroad, Moscow, Russia, 3-5 November 1997, reprinted in Trends in Organized Crime (summer 1998): 10-18.
46. "Ukraine: Growing Problem of Illegal Migration Discussed," FBIS-SOV-96-213 Daily Report, 29 October 1996.
47. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 1997 (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State, 1998).
48. "Mafia's Growing Power Detailed by Sociologist," Current Digest of the Soviet Press, 18 October 1995, 1, reports on Olga Kryshtanovskaya's research.
49. Ibid.
50. Vyacheslav Pikhovshek, "Fighting Corruption, 'Conflict of Interests' and the Ukrainian Law," Research Update, 3 March 1997.
51. "Ukraine: Security Chief Warns of Local Mafia's Political Ambitions," FBIS -SOV-96-219 Daily Report, 8 November 1996.
52. Graham Turbiville, "Organized Crime and the Russian Armed Forces," Transnational Organized Crime 4 (winter 1995): 60, 94.
53. "Corruption Watch," Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research, No. 10, 22 July 1998.
54. Pikhovshek, "Fighting Corruption."
55. Ukrainian Center for Independent Political Research, "On Manual Hygiene," Vol. 3, No. 66, 21 April 1997.
56. Phil Williams, "Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime: Threat and Response," Global Organized Crime, Hearing before the Subcoommittee on International Relations, House of Representatives, 31 January 1996, 121-23.
57. Vasyl Durdynets, "The Struggle against Official Corruption and Organized Crime in Ukraine," presentation at the Embassy of Ukraine, Washington, D.C., 6 June 1997.
58. Observatoire Geopolitique des drogues, Geopolitique des drogues 1995 (Paris: Editions La Decouverte, 1995), 52.
59. Conversation and documents provided to me by the investor.
60. Training sessions were held in Uzhgorod, an area with a significant transnational crime problem. See Martin Edwin Andersen, "OPDAT Strike Force Development in the Ex-Soviet Union Breaching the Barriers to Effective Law Enforcement," United States Attorneys'Bulletin, April 1997, 68-69.
61. Specter, "Traffickers' New Cargo," 6. In addition, a meeting was held in July 1998 in New York with various American and Ukrainian NGOs to discuss trafficking of women from Ukraine.
62. Kaufmann, "Governance and Corruption."
63. See for example, Maggie Mahar, "Russia's New Face," Barron's, 10 June 1996, 34.
64. Pikhovshek, "Fighting Corruption."