Methods for determining the primary energy of cosmic-ray showers

Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics

Volumn 23, Issue 11, 1997, Pages 1733-1749

  Cortina, J ^a   Arqueros, F ^a   Lorenz, E ^b  

^a UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR PHYSIK   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0005256478     PISSN: 09543899     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/23/11/020     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Hillas A M 1983 Proc. Cosmic Ray Workshop University of Utah p 16 Hillas A M 1984 Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22 425
2. Hillas A M 1983 Proc. Cosmic Ray Workshop University of Utah p 16 Hillas A M 1984 Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22 425
3. Kalmykov N N and Khristiansen G B 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1279
4. Rhode W et al 1996 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 48 491-3
5. Nagano M et al 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 10 1295 Gibbs K G 1988 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 264 67 Alexandreas D E et al 1992 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 311 350 Vildanova L I et al 1994 Izv. RAN Ser. Phys. 58 79 Amenomori M et al 1996 Ap. J. 461 408
6. Nagano M et al 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 10 1295 Gibbs K G 1988 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 264 67 Alexandreas D E et al 1992 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 311 350 Vildanova L I et al 1994 Izv. RAN Ser. Phys. 58 79 Amenomori M et al 1996 Ap. J. 461 408
7. Nagano M et al 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 10 1295 Gibbs K G 1988 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 264 67 Alexandreas D E et al 1992 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 311 350 Vildanova L I et al 1994 Izv. RAN Ser. Phys. 58 79 Amenomori M et al 1996 Ap. J. 461 408
8. Nagano M et al 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 10 1295 Gibbs K G 1988 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 264 67 Alexandreas D E et al 1992 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 311 350 Vildanova L I et al 1994 Izv. RAN Ser. Phys. 58 79 Amenomori M et al 1996 Ap. J. 461 408
9. Nagano M et al 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 10 1295 Gibbs K G 1988 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 264 67 Alexandreas D E et al 1992 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 311 350 Vildanova L I et al 1994 Izv. RAN Ser. Phys. 58 79 Amenomori M et al 1996 Ap. J. 461 408
10. Klages H O 1997 Nucl. Phys. B 52 92
11. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
12. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
13. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
14. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
15. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
16. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
17. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
18. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
19. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
20. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
21. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
22. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
23. Khristiansen G et al 1980 Cosmic Rays of Superhigh Energies ed K Thiemig (Munich: Muenchen) Thornton G and Clay R 1981 Phys. Rev. D 43 2090 Linsley J and Watson A A 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 46 459 Kamata K 1981 Proc. 17th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Paris) 12 305 Andam A A et al 1982 Phys. Rev. D 26 23 Stanev T et al 1983 Proc. 18th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Bangalore) 2111 Chantier M P et al 1983 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 9 L27 Wdowczyk J and Wolfendale A W 1984 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 39 1453 Battistoni G et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 2 158 Mincer A I et al 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 3 201 Degrange B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 8 1 Bird D J et al 1993 Proc. 23th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 2 38 Blake P R and Nash W F 1995 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 21 1731
24. Wdowczyk J 1994 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 20 1001
25. McComb T J L and Turver K E 1982 Nuovo Cimento C 5 131
26. Hammond R T et al 1978 Nuovo Cimento C 1 315
27. Ivanenko I P et al 1979 Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Kyoto) 9 88 Khristiansen G B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 9 487
28. Ivanenko I P et al 1979 Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Kyoto) 9 88 Khristiansen G B 1985 Proc. 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (La Jolla) 9 487
29. Karle K et al 1993 Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 4 666 Karle K et al 1995 Astropart. Phys. 3 321
30. Karle K et al 1993 Proc. 23rd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Calgary) 4 666 Karle K et al 1995 Astropart. Phys. 3 321
31. Lindner A 1996 Proc. XVth Cracow Summer School of Cosmology
32. Capdevielle J N et al 1978 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 4 309 Chatelet E et al 1991 J Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 17 93 Dumora D et al 1995 Proc. 24th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Rome) 3 540
33. Capdevielle J N et al 1978 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 4 309 Chatelet E et al 1991 J Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 17 93 Dumora D et al 1995 Proc. 24th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Rome) 3 540
34. Capdevielle J N et al 1978 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 4 309 Chatelet E et al 1991 J Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 17 93 Dumora D et al 1995 Proc. 24th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Rome) 3 540
35. Brennan M H et al 1958 Nature 182 973 Chudakov A E et al 1960 Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Moscow) 2 47 Krieger A S and Bradt H V 1969 Phys. Rev. 85 1629 Fomin Y A and Khristiansen G B 1972 Sov. J. Phys. 14 360 Dyakonov et al 1973 Proc. 13th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Denver) 4 2389 Hammond R T et al 1977 Proc. 15th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Plovdiv) 281
36. Brennan M H et al 1958 Nature 182 973 Chudakov A E et al 1960 Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Moscow) 2 47 Krieger A S and Bradt H V 1969 Phys. Rev. 85 1629 Fomin Y A and Khristiansen G B 1972 Sov. J. Phys. 14 360 Dyakonov et al 1973 Proc. 13th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Denver) 4 2389 Hammond R T et al 1977 Proc. 15th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Plovdiv) 281
37. Brennan M H et al 1958 Nature 182 973 Chudakov A E et al 1960 Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Moscow) 2 47 Krieger A S and Bradt H V 1969 Phys. Rev. 85 1629 Fomin Y A and Khristiansen G B 1972 Sov. J. Phys. 14 360 Dyakonov et al 1973 Proc. 13th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Denver) 4 2389 Hammond R T et al 1977 Proc. 15th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Plovdiv) 281
38. Brennan M H et al 1958 Nature 182 973 Chudakov A E et al 1960 Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Moscow) 2 47 Krieger A S and Bradt H V 1969 Phys. Rev. 85 1629 Fomin Y A and Khristiansen G B 1972 Sov. J. Phys. 14 360 Dyakonov et al 1973 Proc. 13th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Denver) 4 2389 Hammond R T et al 1977 Proc. 15th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Plovdiv) 281
39. Brennan M H et al 1958 Nature 182 973 Chudakov A E et al 1960 Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Moscow) 2 47 Krieger A S and Bradt H V 1969 Phys. Rev. 85 1629 Fomin Y A and Khristiansen G B 1972 Sov. J. Phys. 14 360 Dyakonov et al 1973 Proc. 13th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Denver) 4 2389 Hammond R T et al 1977 Proc. 15th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Plovdiv) 281
40. Brennan M H et al 1958 Nature 182 973 Chudakov A E et al 1960 Proc. 16th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Moscow) 2 47 Krieger A S and Bradt H V 1969 Phys. Rev. 85 1629 Fomin Y A and Khristiansen G B 1972 Sov. J. Phys. 14 360 Dyakonov et al 1973 Proc. 13th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Denver) 4 2389 Hammond R T et al 1977 Proc. 15th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Plovdiv) 281
41. Cronin J W, Gibbs K G and Weekes T C 1993 Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 43 883 Lorenz E 1996 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 48 391
42. Cronin J W, Gibbs K G and Weekes T C 1993 Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 43 883 Lorenz E 1996 Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 48 391
43. Capdevielle J N et al 1993 KfK Report 4998 Knapp J and Heck D 1994 KfK Report 5196B
44. Capdevielle J N et al 1993 KfK Report 4998 Knapp J and Heck D 1994 KfK Report 5196B
45. Martinez S et al 1995 Nucl. Instrum Methods A 357 567 Martinez S 1996 PhD Thesis Univ. Complutense, Madrid
46. Martinez S et al 1995 Nucl. Instrum Methods A 357 567 Martinez S 1996 PhD Thesis Univ. Complutense, Madrid
47. Nelson W R et al 1995 SLAC Report 265
48. Fesefeldt H 1985 The simulation of hadron showers RWTH Aachen Report PITHA 85/02
49. Werner W 1993 Phys. Rep. 232 87
50. Knapp J et al 1996 KfK Report FZKA 5828
51. Cortina J 1997 PhD Thesis, University of Complutense, Madrid in preparation
52. Gaisser T K et al 1978 Rev. Mod. Phys. 50 859
53. Linsley J 1980 Ap. J. 235 L167
54. Gabriel T A et al 1994 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 338 336 Arqueros F et al 1996 Astropart. Phys. 4 309
55. Gabriel T A et al 1994 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 338 336 Arqueros F et al 1996 Astropart. Phys. 4 309
56. Kuhlmann J D et al 1981 J Phys. G: Nucl. Phys. 7 L13
57. Protheroe R J and Turver K E 1979 Nuovo Cimenta A 51A 277