Evolutionary mechanics of protrusible tentacles and tongues

Netherlands Journal of Zoology

Volumn 50, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 113-139

  Van Leeuwen, Johan L ^a   De Groot, Jurriaan H ^c   Kier, William M ^b  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0005215060     PISSN: 00282960     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156854200505900     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. BELL, D.A., 1989. Functional anatomy of the chameleon tongue. Zool. Jb. Anat. 119: 313-336.
2. BELL, D.A., 1990. Kinematics of prey capture in the chameleon. Zool. Jb. Physiol. 94: 247-260.
3. BRÜCKE, E., 1852. Über die Zunge der Chamäleonen. Sitz. Ber. Math.-Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss., Wien 8: 62-70.
4. CHIEL, H.J., P. CRAGO, J.M. MANSOUR & K. HATHI, 1992. Biomechanics of a muscular hydrostat: a model of lapping by a reptilian tongue. Biol. Cybern. 67: 403-415.
5. DEBAN, S.M., D.B. WAKE & G. ROTH, 1997. Salamander with a ballistic tongue. Nature 389: 27-28.
6. DEBAN, S.M. & U. DICKE, 1999. Motor control of tongue movement during prey capture in plethodontid salamanders. J. Exp. Biol. 202: 3699-3714.
7. GANS, C., 1967. The chameleon. Nat. Hist. 76: 52-59.
8. GANS, C. & G.C. GORNIAK, 1982. Functional morphology of lingual protrusion in marine toads (Bufo marinus). Am. J. Anat. 163: 195-222.
9. HIDAKA, T., H. KURIYAMA & T. YAMAMOTO, 1969. The mechanical properties of the longitudinal muscle in the earthworm. J. Exp. Biol. 50: 431-443.
10. HORTON, W.M., 1982. Diversity and systematic significance of anuran tongue musculature. Copeia 1982: 595-602.
11. JOHANSSON, T. & R. BLICKHAN, 2000. A finite element model for the analysis of skeletal muscle. J. Theor. Biol. in press.
12. KIER, W.M., 1982. The functional morphology of the musculature of squid (Loliginidae) arms and tentacles. J. Morphol. 172: 179-192.
13. KIER, W.M., 1985. The musculature of squid arms and tentacles: ultrastructural evidence for functional differences. J. Morphol. 185: 223-239.
14. KIER, W.M., 1991. Squid cross-striated muscle: the evolution of a specialized muscle fibre type. Bull. Mar. Sci. 49: 389-403.
15. KIER, W.M., 1996. Muscle development in squid: ultrastructural differentiation of a specialized muscle fiber type. J. Morphol. 229: 271-288.
16. KIER, W.M. & J.L. VAN LEEUWEN, 1997. A kinematic analysis of tentacle extension in the squid Loligo pealei. J. Exp. Biol. 200: 41-53.
17. LANZAVECCHIA, G. & G. ARCIDIACONO, 1981. Contraction mechanism of helical muscles: experimental and theoretical analysis. J. Submicrosc. Cytol. 13: 253-266.
18. LOMBARD, R.E. & D.B. WAKE, 1977. Tongue evolution in the lungless salamanders, Family Plethodontidae. II Function and evolutionary diversity. J. Morphol. 153: 39-80.
19. MILLER, J.B., 1975. The length-tension relationship of the longitudinal muscle of the leech. J. Exp. Biol. 62: 43-53.
20. NISHIKAWA, K.C., 1997. Emergence of novel functions during brain evolution. Bioscience 47: 341-354.
21. NISHIKAWA, K.C., 1999a. Feeding in frogs. In: K. Schwenk (ed.). Feeding in Tetrapod Vertebrates: Form Function and Evolution. Academic Press.
22. NISHIKAWA, K.C., 1999b. Neuromuscular control of prey capture in frogs. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 354: 941-954.
23. NISHIKAWA, K.C., W.M. KIER & K.K. SMITH. 1999. Morphology and mechanics of tongue movement in the African pig-nosed frog Hemisus marmoratum: a muscular hydrostatic model. J. Exp. Biol. 202: 771-780.
24. RICE, M.J., 1973. Supercontracting striated muscle in a vertebrate. Nature 243: 238-240.
25. VAN LEEUWEN, J.L., 1997. Why the chameleon has spiral-shaped muscle fibres in its tongue. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 352: 573-589.
26. VAN LEEUWEN, J.L. & W.M. KIER, 1997. Functional design of tentacles in squid: linking sarcomere ultrastructure to gross morphological dynamics. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 352: 551-571.
27. VAN LEEUWEN, J.L. & W.M. KIER, 1998. Dynamics and scaling of the tentacles in squid. Biona Report 13, 9-10.
28. WAINWRIGHT, P.C. & A.F. BENNETT, 1992a. The mechanism of tongue projection in chameleons. I. Electromyographic tests of functional hypotheses J. Exp. Biol. 168: 1-21.
29. WAINWRIGHT, P.C. & A.F. BENNETT, 1992b. The mechanism of tongue projection in chameleons. II. Role of shape change in a muscular hydrostat J. Exp. Biol. 168: 23-40.
30. WAINWRIGHT, P.C., D.M. KRAKLAU & A.F. BENNETT, 1991. Kinematics of tongue projection in Chamaeleo oustaleti. J. Exp. Biol. 159: 109-133.
31. WILHELMS-TRICARICO, R., 1995. Physiological modelling of speech production: Methods for modeling soft-tissue articulators. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97: 3085-3098.