Adhesion molecules in cardiovascular disease

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 263-277

  Prince, Joseph E ^a   Ballantyne, Christie M ^a  

^a BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0004935343     PISSN: 14728222     EISSN: 17447631     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14728222.3.2.263     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION: 1999 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Dallas, Texas, USA (1998).
2. JACOBSON TA, SCHEIN JR, WILLIAMSON A, BALLANTYNE CM: Maximizing the cost-effectiveness of lipidlowering therapy. Arch. Intern. Med. (1998) 158:1977-1989.
3. ROSAMOND WD, CHAMBLESS LE, FOLSOM AR et al.: Trends in the incidence of myocardial infarction and inmortality due to coronary heart disease, 1987 to .1994. New Engl. J. Med. (1998) 339:861-867. (Pubitemid 28446843)
4. LEVY D, THOM TJ: Death rates from coronary disease-progress and a puzzling paradox. New Engl. J. Med. (1998) 339:915-917. (Pubitemid 28446851)
5. ROSS R: Atherosclerosis-an inflammatory disease. New Engl. J. Med. (1999) 340:115-126.
6. CYBULSKY MI, GIMBRONE MA, JR.: Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis. Science (1991) 251:788-791.
7. POSTON RN, HASKARD DO, COUCHER JR, GALL NP, JOHNSON-TIDEY RR: Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in atherosclerotic plaques. Am. J. Pathol. (1992) 140:665-673.
8. VAN DER WAL AC, DAS PK, TIGGES AJ, BECKER AE: Adhesion molecules on the endothelium and mononuclear cells in human atherosclerotic lesions. Am. J. Pathol. (1992) 141:1427-1433. (Pubitemid 23002626)
9. DAVIES MJ, GORDON JL, GEARING AJH et al.: The expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PECAM, and E-selectin in human atherosclerosis. J. Pathol. (1993) 171:223-229. (Pubitemid 23345967)
10. O'BRIEN KD, ALLEN MD, MCDONALD TO et al.: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is expressed in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. J. Clin. Invest. (1993) 92:945-951.
11. WOOD KM, CADOGAN MD, RAMSHAW AL, PARUMS DV: The distribution of adhesion molecules in human atherosclerosis. Histopathology (1993) 22:437-444. (Pubitemid 23168584)
12. NAKAI K, ITOH C, KAWAZOE K et al.: Concentration of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) correlated with expression of VCAM-1 mRNA in the human atherosclerotic aorta. Coron. Artery. Dis. (1995) 6:497-502.
13. O'BRIEN KD, MCDONALD TO, CHAIT A, ALLEN MD, ALPERS CE: Neovascular expression of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human atherosclerosis and their relation to intimal leukocyte content. Circulation (1996) 93:672-682. (Pubitemid 26052452)
14. POSTON RN, JOHNSON-TIDEY RR: Localized adhesion of monocytes to human atherosclerotic plaques demonstrated in vitro: implications for atherogenesis. Am. J. Pathol. (1996) 149:73-80. (Pubitemid 26230980)
15. ANDERSON DC, SCHMALSTEIG FC, FINEGOLD MJ et al.: The severe and moderate phenotypes of heritable Mac-1, LFA-1 deficiency: their quantitative definition and relation to leukocyte dysfunction and clinical features. J. Infect. Dis. (1985) 152:668-689. (Pubitemid 16215942)
16. KARSAN A, CORNEJO CJ, WINN RK et al.: Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II is a generalized defect of de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis. Endothelial cell fucosylation is not required for neutrophil rolling on human nonlymphoid endothelium. J. Clin. Invest. (1998) 101:2438-2445. (Pubitemid 28270438)
17. MARISCALCO MM, SMITH CW: Integrins and cell adhesion molecules. In: Fetal and Neonatal Physiology (2nd Edition). Polin RA, FoxWW(Eds.), Saunders, Philadelphia, USA (1998):1980-2002.
18. CORBI AL, LARSON RS, KISHIMOTO TK, SPRINGER TA, MORTON CC: Chromosomal location of the genes encoding the leukocyte adhesion receptors LFA-1, Mac-1 and p150,95. Identification of a gene cluster involved in cell adhesion. J. Exp. Med. (1988) 167:1597-1607.
19. COLLER BS, ANDERSON K, WEISMAN HF: New antiplatelet agents: platelet GPIIb/IIIa antagonists. Thromb. Haemost. (1995) 74:302-308.
20. TOPOL EJ, BYZOVA TV, PLOW EF: Platelet GPIIb-IIIa blockers. Lancet (1999) 353:227-231. (Pubitemid 29088046)
21. LARSON RS, SPRINGER TA: Structure and function of leukocyte integrins. Immunol. Rev. (1990) 114:181-217. (Pubitemid 20141073)
22. KISHIMOTO TK, LARSON RS, CORBI AL et al.: The leukocyte integrins. Adv. Immunol. (1989) 46:149-182. (Pubitemid 19254751)
23. DICKESON SK, SANTORO SA: Ligand recognition by the I domain-containing integrins. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. (1998) 54:556-566. (Pubitemid 28325629)
24. RUOSLAHTI E, PIERSCHBACHER MD: New perspectives in cell adhesion: RGD and integrins. Science (1987) 238:491-497. (Pubitemid 17147032)
25. BEVILACQUA MP, NELSON RM: Selectins. J. Clin. Invest. (1993) 91:379-387. (Pubitemid 23064116)
26. MCEVER RP, BECKSTEAD JH, MOORE KL, MARSHALLCARLSON L, BAINTON DF: GMP-140, a platelet a-granule membrane protein, is also synthesized by vascul endothelial cells and is localized in Weibel-Palade bodies. J. Clin. Invest. (1989) 84:92-99. (Pubitemid 19170099)
27. JOHNSON RC, CHAPMAN SM, DONG ZMet al.: Absence of P-selectin delays fatty streak formation in mice. J. Clin. Invest. (1997) 99:1037-1043. (Pubitemid 27123641)
28. CARLOS TM, HARLAN JM: Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules. Blood (1994) 84:2068-2101. (Pubitemid 24296363)
29. WANG JH, SPRINGER TA: Structural specializations of immunoglobulin superfamily members for adhesion to integrins and viruses. Immunol. Rev. (1998) 163:197-215. (Pubitemid 28327872)
30. HANNINEN A, JAAKKOLA I, JALKANEN S: Mucosal addressin is required for the development of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J. Immunol. (1998) 160:6018-6025. (Pubitemid 28298064)
31. BLANKS JE, MOLL T, EYTNER R, VESTWEBER D: Stimulation of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 on mouse neutrophils activates b2-integrin mediated cell attachment to ICAM-1. Eur. J. Immunol. (1998) 28:433-443. (Pubitemid 28101717)
32. SHATTIL SJ, KASHIWAGI H, PAMPORI N: Integrin signaling: the platelet paradigm. Blood (1998) 91:2645-2657. (Pubitemid 28227512)
33. TODD RF III, PETTY HR: β2 (CD11/CD18) integrins can serve as signaling partners for other leukocyte receptors. J. Lab. Clin. Med. (1997) 129:492-498. (Pubitemid 27285045)
34. COXON A, RIEU P, BARKALOW FJ et al.: A novel role for the β2 integrin CD11b/CD18 in neutrophil apoptosis: a homeostatic mechanism in inflammation. Immunity (1996) 5:653-666. (Pubitemid 27062073)
35. ANDERSON DC, KISHIMOTO TK, SMITH CW: Leukocyte adhesion deficiency and other disorders of leukocyte adherence and motility. In: The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease (7th Edition). Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D (Eds.), McGraw-Hill, New York, USA (1995):3955-3994.
36. WATSON RWG, ROTSTEIN OD, NATHENS AB, PARODO J, MARSHALL JC: Neutrophil apoptosis is modulated by endothelial transmigration and adhesion molecule engagement. J. Immunol. (1997) 158:945-953. (Pubitemid 127492675)
37. RAINGER GE, BUCKLEY C, SIMMONS DL, NASH GB: Neutrophils rolling on immobilised platelets migrate into homotypic aggregates after activation. Thromb. Haemost. (1998) 79:1177-1183. (Pubitemid 28297168)
38. RINDER HM, BONAN JL, RINDER CS, AULT KA, SMITH BR: Dynamics of leukocyte-platelet adhesion in whole blood. Blood (1991) 78:1730-1737.
39. KONSTANTOPOULOS K, NEELAMEGHAM S, BURNS AR et al.: Venous levels of shear support neutrophil-platelet adhesion and neutrophil aggregation in blood via P-selectin and β2-integrin. Circulation (1998) 98:873-882. (Pubitemid 28397437)
40. LUSCINSKAS FW, KANSAS GS, DING H et al.: Monocyte rolling, arrest and spreading on IL-4-activated vascular endothelium under flow is mediated via sequential action of L-selectin, b1-integrins, and β2-integrins. J. Cell. Biol. (1994) 125:1417-1427.
41. ABE Y, BALLANTYNE CM, SMITH CW: Functions of domain 1 and 4 of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in α4 integrin-dependent adhesion under static and flow conditions are differentially regulated. J. Immunol. (1996) 157:5061-5069. (Pubitemid 126449587)
42. SCALIA R, APPEL JZ III, LEFER AM: Leukocyteendothelium interaction during the early stages of hypercholesterolemia in the rabbit: role of P-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1998) 18:1093-1100. (Pubitemid 28323593)
43. FROSTEGÅRD J, WU R, HAEGERSTRAND A et al.: Mononuclear leukocytes exposed to oxidized low density lipoprotein secrete a factor that stimulates endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules. Atherosclerosis (1993) 103:213-219. (Pubitemid 23360935)
44. THORNE SA, ABBOT SE, STEVENS CR et al.: Modified low density lipoprotein and cytokines mediate monocyte adhesion to smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis (1996) 127:167-176. (Pubitemid 27045830)
45. ALLEN S, KHAN S, AL-MOHANNA F, BATTEN P, YACOUB M: Native low density lipoprotein-induced calcium transients trigger VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression in cultured human vascular endothelial cells. J. Clin. Invest. (1998) 101:1064-1075. (Pubitemid 28125285)
46. DUPLÀA C, COUFFINHAL T, LABAT L et al.: Monocyte/macrophage recruitment and expression of endothelial adhesion proteins in human atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis (1996) 121:253-266. (Pubitemid 26124511)
47. JOHNSON RC, CHAPMAN SM, DONG ZMet al.: Absence of P-selectin delays fatty streak formation in mice. J. Clin. Invest. (1997) 99:1037-1043. (Pubitemid 27123641)
48. DONG ZM, CHAPMAN SM, BROWN AA et al.: The combined role of P-and E-selectins in atherosclerosis. J. Clin. Invest. (1998) 102:145-152. (Pubitemid 28323841)
49. NAGEH MF, SANDBERG ET, MAROTTI KR et al.: Deficiency of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules protects against atherosclerosis in mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1997) 17:1517-1520. (Pubitemid 27387771)
50. HYNES RO, WAGNER DD: Genetic manipulation of vascular adhesion molecules in mice. J. Clin. Invest. (1996) 98:2193-2195. (Pubitemid 26394190)
51. HACKMAN A, ABE Y, INSULL W, JR. et al.: Levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules in patients with dyslipidemia. Circulation (1996) 93:1334-1338. (Pubitemid 26099343)
52. ABE Y, EL-MASRI B, KIMBALL KT et al.: Soluble cell adhesion molecules in hypertriglyceridemia and potential significance on monocyte adhesion. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1998) 18:723-731. (Pubitemid 28267651)
53. ROHDE LE, LEE RT, RIVERO J et al.: Circulating cell adhesion molecules are correlated with ultrasoundbased assessment of carotid atherosclerosis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1998) 18:1765-1770. (Pubitemid 28521067)
54. HWANG SJ, BALLANTYNE CM, SHARRETT AR et al.: Circulating adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin in carotid atherosclerosis and incident coronary heart disease cases: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Circulation (1997) 96:4219-4225. (Pubitemid 28007447)
55. RIDKER PM, HENNEKENS CH, ROITMAN-JOHNSON B, STAMPFER MJ, ALLEN J: Plasma concentration of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and risks of future myocardial infarction in apparently healthy men. Lancet (1998) 351:88-92. (Pubitemid 28026634)
56. RIDKER PM, GLYNN RJ, HENNEKENS CH: C-reactive protein adds to the predictive value of total and HDL cholesterol in determining risk of first myocardial infarction. Circulation (1998) 97:2007-2011. (Pubitemid 28243661)
57. RIDKER PM, BURING JE, SHIH J, MATIAS M, HENNEKENS CH: Prospective study of C-reactive protein and the risk of future cardiovascular events among apparently healthy women. Circulation (1998) 98:731-733. (Pubitemid 28391836)
58. ENTMAN ML, YOUKER K, SHOJI T et al.: Neutrophil induced oxidative injury of cardiac myocytes. A compartmented system requiring CD11b/CD18-ICAM-1 adherence. J. Clin. Invest. (1992) 90:1335-1345.
59. YOUKER K, SMITH CW, ANDERSON DC et al.: Neutrophil adherence to isolated adult cardiac myocytes: induction by cardiac lymph collected during ischemia and reperfusion. J. Clin. Invest. (1992) 89:602-609.
60. SIMPSON PJ, TODD RF III, FANTONE JC et al.: Reduction of experimental canine myocardial reperfusion injury by a monoclonal antibody (anti-Mo1, anti-CD11b) that inhibits leukocyte adhesion. J. Clin. Invest. (1988) 81:624-629. (Pubitemid 18075262)
61. SEEWALDT-BECKER E, ROTHLEIN R, DAMMGEN JW: CD18 dependent adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium and its relevance for cardiac reperfusion. In: Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules: Structure, Function, and Regulation. Springer TA, Anderson DC, Rosenthal AS, Rothlein R (Eds.), Springer Verlag, New York, USA (1989):138-148.
62. YAMAZAKI T, SEKO Y, TAMATANI T et al.: Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in rat heart with ischemia/reperfusion and limitation of infarct size by treatment with antibodies against cell adhesion molecules. Am. J. Pathol. (1993) 143:410-418. (Pubitemid 24058196)
63. MA XL, TSAO PS, LEFER AM: Antibody to CD-18 exerts endothelial and cardiac protective effects in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. J. Clin. Invest. (1991) 88:1237-1243.
64. WINN RK, LIGGITT D, VEDDER NB, PAULSON JC, HARLAN JM: Anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody attenuates reperfusion injury to the rabbit ear. J. Clin. Invest. (1993) 92:2042-2047. (Pubitemid 23304575)
65. LEFER DJ, FLYNN DM, BUDA AJ: Effects of a monoclonal antibody directed against P-selectin after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Am. J. Physiol. (1996) 270:H88-H98.
66. MASSBERG S, ENDERS G, LEIDERER R et al.: Plateletendothelial cell interactions during ischemia/reperfusion: the role of P-selectin. Blood (1998) 92:507-515. (Pubitemid 28323713)
67. HOMEISTER JW, ZHANG M, FRENETTE PS et al.: Overlapping functions of E-and P-selectin in neutrophil recruitment during acute inflammation. Blood (1998) 92:2345-2352. (Pubitemid 28452976)
68. SILVER PJ: IBT 9302 (heparinase III): a novel enzyme for the management of reperfusion injury-related vascular damage, restenosis and wound healing. Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs. (1998) 7:1003-1014. (Pubitemid 28260886)
69. HERRMANN SM, RICARD S, NICAUD V et al.: The P-selectin gene is highly polymorphic: reduced frequency of the Pro715 allele carriers in patients with myocardial infarction. Hum. Mol. Genet. (1998) 7:1277-1284. (Pubitemid 28383061)
70. ERBEL R, HAUDE M, HOPP HW et al., THE RESTENOSIS STENT STUDY GROUP: Coronary-artery stenting compared with balloon angioplasty for restenosis after initial balloon angioplasty. New Engl. J. Med. (1998) 339:1702-1704.
71. BERK BC, HARRIS K: Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: new therapeutic insights from pathogenic mechanisms. Adv. Intern. Med. (1995) 40:445-501.
72. MINTZ GS, POPMA JJ, PICHARD AD et al.: Arterial remodeling after coronary angioplasty: a serial intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation (1996) 94:35-43. (Pubitemid 126426397)
73. SERRANO CV, JR., RAMIRES JAF, VENTURINELLI M et al.: Coronary angioplasty results in leukocyte and platelet activation with adhesion molecule expression: evidence of inflammatory responses in coronary angioplasty. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1997) 29:1276-1283. (Pubitemid 27201946)
74. INOUE T, SAKAI Y, FUJITO T et al.: Clinical significance of neutrophil adhesion molecules expression after coronary angioplasty on the development of restenosis. Thromb. Haemost. (1998) 79:54-58. (Pubitemid 28037057)
75. BARRON MK, LAKE RS, BUDA AJ, TENAGLIA AN: Intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury is attenuated by blocking selectins. Circulation (1997) 96:3587-3592. (Pubitemid 27513437)
76. SIMON DI, XU H, ORTLEPP S, ROGERS C, RAO NK: 7E3 monoclonal antibody directed against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa cross-reacts with the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 and blocks adhesion to fibrinogen and ICAM-1. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1997) 17:528-535. (Pubitemid 27133143)
77. MICKELSON JK, ALI MN, KLEIMAN NS, et al.: Chimeric 7E3 Fab (ReoPro) decreases detectable CD11b on neutrophils from patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1999) 33:97-106. (Pubitemid 29064079)
78. SRIVATSA SS, FITZPATRICK LA, TSAO PW et al.: Selective avb3 integrin blockade potently limits neointimal hyperplasia and lumen stenosis following deep coronary arterial stent injury: evidence for the functional importance of integrin avb3 and osteopontin expression during neointima formation. Cardiovasc. Res. (1997) 36:408-428. (Pubitemid 28037364)
79. EPIC INVESTIGATORS: Use of a monoclonal antibody directed against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in high-risk coronary angioplasty. New Engl. J. Med. (1994) 330:956-961.
80. EPILOG INVESTIGATORS: Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade and low-dose heparin during percutaneous coronary revascularization. New Engl. J. Med. (1997) 336:1689-1696.
81. PLATELET RECEPTOR INHIBITION IN ISCHEMIC SYNDROME MANAGEMENT (PRISM) STUDY INVESTIGATORS: A comparison of aspirin plus tirofiban with aspirin plus heparin for unstable angina. New Engl. J. Med. (1998) 338:1498-1505.
82. PURSUIT TRIAL INVESTIGATORS: Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes. New Engl. J. Med. (1998) 339:456-443.
83. ZHAO Z-Q, LEFER DJ, SATO H et al.: Monoclonal antibody to ICAM-1 preserves postischemic blood flow and reduces infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion in rabbit. J. Leukoc. Biol. (1997) 62:292-300. (Pubitemid 27431599)
84. YENARI MA, KUNIS D, SUN GH et al.: Hu23F2G, an antibody recognizing the leukocyte CD11/CD18 integrin, reduces injury in a rabbit model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Exp. Neurol. (1998) 153:223-233. (Pubitemid 28489889)
85. SORIANO SG, LIPTON SA, WANG YF et al.: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1-deficient mice are less susceptible to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ann. Neurol. (1996) 39:618-624. (Pubitemid 26143600)
86. SCHNEIDER D, BERROUSCHOT J, BRANDT T et al.: Safety, pharmacokinetics and biological activity of enlimomab (anti-ICAM-1 antibody): an open-label, dose escalation study in patients hospitalized for acute stroke. Eur. Neurol. (1998) 40:78-83. (Pubitemid 28369610)
87. ENLIMOMAB ACUTE STROKE TRIAL INVESTIGATORS, SHERMAN DG: The Enlimomab Acute Stroke Trial: final results. Neurology (1997) 48:A270.
88. DEGRABA TJ: The role of inflammation after acute stroke: utility of pursuing anti-adhesion molecule therapy. Neurology (1998) 51:S62-S68.
89. KAVANAUGH AF, DAVIS LS, NICHOLS LA et al.: Treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis with a monoclonal antibody to intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Arthritis Rheum. (1994) 37:992-999. (Pubitemid 24222089)
90. HAUG CE, COLVIN RB, DELMONICO FL et al.: A Phase I trial of immunosuppression with anti-ICAM-1 (CD54) mAb in renal allograft recipients. Transplantation (1993) 55:766-773. (Pubitemid 23122044)
91. VUORTE J, LINDSBERG PJ, KASTE M et al.: Anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody R6.5 (enlimomab) promotes activation of neutrophils in whole blood. J. Immunol. (1999) 162:2353-2357. (Pubitemid 29288862)
92. BENNETT CF, KORNBRUST D, HENRY S et al.: An ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotide prevents and reverses dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1997) 280:988-1000. (Pubitemid 27171365)
93. STEPKOWSKI SM, TU Y, CONDON TP, BENNETT CF: Blocking of heart allograft rejection by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 antisense oligonucleotides alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive modalities. J. Immunol. (1994) 153:5336-5346.
94. STEPKOWSKI SM, WANG ME, AMANTE A et al.: Antisense ICAM-1 oligonucleotides block allograft rejection in rats. Transplant. Proc. (1997) 29:1285. (Pubitemid 27126198)
95. HALLER H, DRAGUN D, MIETHKE A et al.: Antisense oligonucleotides for ICAM-1 attenuate reperfusion injury and renal failure in the rat. Kidney. Int. (1996) 50:473-480. (Pubitemid 26274374)
96. ROGERS C, EDELMAN ER, SIMON DI: A mAb to the β2-leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) reduces intimal thickening after angioplasty or stent implantation in rabbits. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1998) 95:10134-10139. (Pubitemid 28415307)
97. KOH KK, BUI MN, MINCEMOYER R, CANNON RO III: Effects of hormone therapy on inflammatory cell adhesion molecules in postmenopausal healthy women. Am. J. Cardiol. (1997) 80:1505-1507. (Pubitemid 27523042)
98. KOH KK, CARDILLO C, BUI MN et al.: Vascular effects of estrogen and cholesterol-lowering therapies in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Circulation (1999) 99:354-360. (Pubitemid 29051260)
99. MARTIN A, FOXALL T, BLUMBERG JB, MEYDANI M: Vitamin E inhibits low-density lipoprotein-induced adhesion of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in vitro. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1997) 17:429-436. (Pubitemid 27133131)
100. LU H, SMITH CW, PERRARD J et al.: LFA-1 is sufficient in mediating neutrophil emigration in Mac-1-deficient mice. J. Clin. Invest. (1997) 99:1340-1340.
101. SCHMITS R, KUNDIG TM, BAKER DM et al.: LFA-1-deficient mice show normal CTL responses to virus but fail to reject immunogenic tumor. J. Exp. Med. (1996) 183:1415-1426. (Pubitemid 26134285)