How social movement organizations explicitly and implicitly promote deviant behavior: The case of the militia movement

Justice System Journal

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 655-683

  Freilich, Joshua D ^a   Pichardo Almanzar, Nelson A ^b   Rivera, Craig J ^a  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b CENTRAL WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0004847444     PISSN: 0098261X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Abanes, R. 1996. American Militias. Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press.
2. American Jewish Committee (AJC). 1990. Militias: A Growing Danger. New York: AJC.
3. Anderson, J. 1996. Inside the N.R.A.: Armed and Dangerous. Beverly Hills: Dove Audio, Inc.
4. Anti-Defamation League (ADD. 1994. Armed and Dangerous: Militias Take Aim at the Federal Government. New York: ADL.
5. _. 1995. Beyond the Bombing: The Militia Menace Grows. New York: ADL.
6. _. 1997. Vigilante Justice: Militias and "Common Law Courts" Wage War against the Government. New York: ADL.
7. Barkun, M. 1997. Religion and the Racist Right. Chappel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
8. Barnett, R.E. 1995. "Foreword: Guns, Militias, and Oklahoma City." Tennessee Law Review 62: 443-59.
9. Barry, M.S. 1996. "Stockpiling Weapons: Can Private Militias Receive Protection under the First and Second Amendments?" Thomas Jefferson Law Review 18: 61-95.
10. Barsamian, D. 1995. "Militias and Conspiracy Theories: An Interview with Chip Beriet and Holly Sklar." Z Magazine, September, pp. 29-35.
11. Becker, H.S. 1963. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. Toronto: Free Press of Glencoe.
12. Bennett, D.H. 1995. The Party of Fear. 2nd ed. New York: Vintage.
13. Beriet, C. and M.N. Lyons. 1995. "Militia Nation." The Progressive 59(6): 22-25.
14. Bock, A.W. 1995. "Is the Militia Movement a Threat?" National Review, May 29, pp. 39-42.
15. Burghart, D. and R. Crawford. 1996. "Vigilante Justice: Common Law Courts." Covert Action Quarterly (Summer): 27-32.
16. Castels, M. and S. Yazawa, and E. Kiselyova. 1995. "Isurgents Against the Global Order: A Comparitive Analysis of the Zapatistas in Mexico, the American Militia and Japan's AUM Shinrikyo." Berkeley Journal of Sociology 40: 21-59.
17. Chambliss, W.J. 1997. "State-Organized Crime." Pp. 170-84 in Constructions of Deviance: Social Power, Context, and Interaction, 2nd ed., edited by P. Adler and P. Adler. New York: Wadsworth.
18. Cohen, J. and N. Solomon. 1995. "Guns, Ammo, Threats, and Talk Radio." Pp. 62-63 in Militias in America, edited by D. Hazen, L. Smith, and C. Triano. San Francisco: Institute for Alternative Journalism.
19. Cooper, D. 1995. "The Other Man: Mark 'From Michigan' Koerneke." Pp. 49-50 in Militias in America, edited by D. Hazen, L. Smith, and C. Triano. San Francisco: Institute for Alternative Journalism.
20. Cooper, M. 1995. "A Visit with MOM: Montana's Mother of All Militias." The Nation, May 22, pp. 714-21.
21. Dalton, R.J., M. Kuechler, and W. Burklin. 1990. "The Challenge of New Social Movements." Pp. 3-20 in Challenging the Political Order, edited by R.J. Dalton and M. Kuechler. New York: Oxford Univeristy Press.
22. Dees, M. and J. Corcoran. 1996. Gathering Storm: America's Militia Threat. New York: HarperCollins.
23. Denning, B.P. and G. Harlan. 1996 "It Takes a Militia: A Communitarian Case for Compulsory Arms Bearing." William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal 5: 185-214.
24. Dority, B. 1995. "Is the Extremist Right Entirely Wrong?" Humanist 55: 12-15.
25. Doskotch, P. 1995. The Mind of the Militias." Psychology Today, pp.12-14, 70.
26. Dougherty, C. 1995. "The Minutemen, The National Guard and the Private Militia Movement: Will the Real Militia Please Stand Up?" John Marshall Law Review 28: 959-85.
27. Downes, R. and G. Foster. 1994. "On the Front Lines with the Northern Michigan Militia." Pp. 13-15 in Militias in America, edited by D. Hazen, L. Smith, and C. Triano. San Francisco: The Institute for Alternative Journalism.
28. Dunlap, C.J. 1995. "Revolt of the Masses: Armed Civilians and the Insurrectionary Theory of the Second Amendment." Tennessee Law Review 62: 643-77.
29. Durbin, K. 1995. "Environmental Terrorism in Washington State." Pp. 31-38 in Militias in America, edited by D. Hazen, L. Smith, and C. Triano. San Francisco: Institute for Alternative Journalism.
30. Dyer, J. 1997. Harvest of Rage: Why Oklahoma City is only the Beginning. Boulder: Westview.
31. Ezekiel, R.S. 1995. The Racist Mind. New York: Penguin.
32. France, M. 1995. "Constitution Cultists Fuel Right Fringe." National Law Journal, June 26, pp. A1, A25.
33. Gamson, W.A. 1990. The Strategy of Social Protest. 2nd ed. Homewood, IL: Dorsey.
34. Gibson, J.W. 1994. Warrior Dreams: Paramilitary Culture in Post Vietnam America. New York: Hill and Wang.
35. Gitlin, T. 1980. The Whole World Is Watching. Berkeley: University of California Press.
36. Hamilton, N.A. 1996. Militias in America. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.
37. Hamm, M.S. 1997. Apocalypse in Oklahoma: Waco and Ruby Ridge Revenged. Boston: Northeastern Press.
38. Hawkins, B. 1994. "Patriot Games." Detroit Metro Times, October 12, Pp 7-12 in Militias in America, edited by D. Hazen, L. Smith, and C. Triano. San Francisco: The Institute for Alternative Journalism.
39. _. 1995. "Damage Control." Pp. 51-55 in Militias in America, edited by D. Hazen, L. Smith, and C. Triano. San Francisco: Institute for Alternative Journalism.
40. Hopper, C.P. and J. Moore. 1997. "Women in Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs." Pp. 359-70 in Constructions of Deviance: Social Power, Context, and Interaction, 2nd ed., edited by P. Adler and P. Adler. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
41. Jankowski, M.S. 1991. Islands in the Street: Gangs and Urban Society. Berkely: University of California Press.
42. Jorgensen, L. and S. Keene-Osborne. 1994. "Under the Gun." Pp. 22-26 in Militias in America, edited by D. Hazen, L. Smith and C. Triano. San Francisco: Institute for Alternative Journalism.
43. Junas, D. 1995. "The Rise of Citizen Militias: Angry White Guys with Guns." Covert Action Quarterly (Spring): 20-25.
44. Kaplan, J. 1997. Radical Religion in America: Millenarian Movements from the Far Right to the Children of Noah. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
45. Karl, J. 1995. The Right to Bear Arms: The Rise of America's New Militias. New York: Harper.
46. Kelly, M. 1995. "The Road to Paranoia." The New Yorker, June 19, pp. 60-75.
47. Kandermans, B. and D. Oegama. 1987. "Potentials, Networks, Motivation, and Barriers: Steps toward Participation in Social Movements." American Sociological Review 52: 519-31.
48. Klein, M.W. 1995. The American Street Gang: Its Nature, Prevalence, and Control. New York: Oxford University Press.
49. Kopel, D.B. and J. Olson. 1996. "Preventing a Reign of Terror: Civil Liberties Implications of Terrorism Legislation." Oklahoma City University Law Review 21: 247-347.
50. Lambert, W. 1995. "More Angry Men: Militias Are Joining Jury-Power Activists to Fight Government." Wall Street Journal, May 25, pp. A1, A7.
51. Larizza, R.J. 1996. "Paranoia, Patriotism and the Citizen Militia Movement: Constitutional Right or Criminal Conduct?" Mercer Law Review 47: 581-636.
52. Marks, K. 1996. The Faces of Right Wing Extremism. Boston: Banden.
53. McAdam, D. 1982. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
54. _. 1986. "Recruitment to High-Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer." American Journal of Sociology 92: 64-90.
55. McAdam, D., J.D. McCarthy, and M.N. Zald. 1988. "Social Movements." Pp. 695-737 in Handbook of Sociology, edited by N.J. Smelser. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
56. McBride, J.T. 1996. "The Unofficial Militia." Law and Order 44(5): 121-22.
57. McCaffrey, D. 1998. "Personal Trauma and Politicization: The Political Consequences of Sexual Trauma." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Albany.
58. McCarthy, J.D. and M.N. Zald. 1977. "Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory." American Journal of Sociology 82: 1212-41.
59. McLemee, Scott. 1995. "Public Enemy." In These Times 19(13): 14-19.
60. Merton, R.K. 1938. "Social Structure and Anomie." American Sociological Review 3: 672-82.
61. Messner, S.F. and R. Rosenfeld. 1994. Crime and the American Dream. New York: Wadsworth.
62. Michigan Militia Resources. 1996a. "A Well Regulated Militia? Today?"In Michigan Militia Web Page: http: //mmc.cns.net.
63. _. 1996b. "Meet The Commander." In Michigan Militia Web Page: http: // mmc.cns.net.
64. _. 1996c. "Thanks for Checking Us Out." In Michigan Militia Web Page: http: // mmc.cns.net.
65. _. 1997. The Search for Ann Bosse. Some of Our Recent Activities." In Michigan Militia Web Page: http: /mmc.cns.net.
66. _. 1998. "An Open letter to John Trochman from Tom Wayne." Some of Our Recent Activities." In Michigan Militia Web Page: http: /mmc.cns.net.
67. Militia Movement In The United States. 1995. "Hearing before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology, and Government Information of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate." June 15.
68. Militia of Montana. 1994. Catalog, November 21, pp. 1-13.
69. _. 1995a. Taking Aim 2(2): 1-18.
70. _. 1995b. Taking Aim 2(3): 1-16.
71. _. 1995c. Taking Aim 2(5): 1-16.
72. _. 1995d. Taking Aim 2(6): 1-32.
73. _. 1996. Catalog, pp. 1-23.
74. _. 1997. "The Militia of Montana's Position Concerning Richard McLaren." In Militia of Montana Web Page: http: //www.logplex.com.
75. Missouri 51st Militia. 1996. "Bylaws." In Missouri 51st Militia Web Page: http: // www.tfs.net/personable/sbarnett/5100001.htm.
76. Molotch, H. 1979. "Media and Movements." Pp. 71-93 in The Dynamics of Social Movements, edited by M.N. Zald and J.D. McCarthy. Cambridge, MA: Winthrop.
77. Morris, A.D. 1984. Origins of the Civil Rights Movement .Chicago: Free Press
78. Nofziger, L. 1995. "Militias Protect against Authoritarian Government." Pp. 19-23 in The Militia Movement, edited by C. Cozic. San Diego: Greenhaven.
79. Oison, N. 1996. "Is the Citizen Militia Lawful?" In The Michigan Militia Web Page: http: //mmc.cnc.net.
80. Pierce, William (Andrew MacDonald). 1978. The Turner Diaries Hillsboro, WV: National Vanguard Books.
81. Piven, F.F. 1981. "Deviant Behavior and the Remaking of the World." Social Problems 5: 489-508.
82. Piven, F.F. and R.A. Cloward. 1992. "Normalizing Collective Protest." Pp. 301-25 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by A.D. Morris and C.M. Mueller. New Haven: Yale Univeristy Press.
83. Polesky, J.E. 1996. "The Rise of the Private Militia: A First and Second Amendment Analysis of the Right to Organize and the Right to Train." University of Pennsylvania Law Review 4: 1593-1642.
84. Pratt, L. 1995a. "Firearms: The People's Liberty Teeth." Pp.ix-xiv in Safeguarding Liberty: The Constitution and Citizen Militias, edited by L. Pratt. Franklin, TN: Gun Owners Foundation.
85. _. Ed. 1995b. The Constitution and Citizen Militias. Franklin, TN: Gun Owners Foundation.
86. Rimer, S. 1995. "New Medium on the Far Right." New York Times, April 27, pp. A1, A22.
87. Ross, L.J. 1995. "Saying It with a Gun." The Progressive 59(6): 26-27.
88. Schneider, K. 1994. "Fearing a Conspiracy, Some Heed a Call to Arms." New York Times, November 14, pp. A1, A22.
89. _. 1995. "Bomb Echoes Extremist Tactics." New York Times, April 26, p. A22.
90. Shapiro, J.P. 1995. "An Epidemic of Fear and Loathing." U.S. News and World Report, May 8, pp. 37-44.
91. Sheldon, R.G., S.K. Tracy, and W.B. Brown. 1997. Youth Gangs in American Society. New York: Wadsworth.
92. Shelton, R. 1995. The New Minutemen." Pp. 19-22 in Militias in America, edited by D. Hazen, L. Smith, and C. Triano. San Francisco: Institute for Alternative Journalism.
93. Simkin, J. 1995. "The Militia of McMinn County." Soldier of Fortune, December 1, pp. 54-55, 67-69.
94. Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). 1996. False Patriots: The Threat of AntiGovernment Extremists Montgomery, AL: SPLC.
95. Stern, K. 1996. A Force upon the Plain: The American Militia Movement and the Politics of Hate. New York: Simon & Schuster.
96. Sutherland, E.H. 1949. White Collar Crime. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
97. Swomley, J.M. 1995. "Armed and Dangerous: The Threat of Patriot Militias." Humanist 55: 8-11.
98. Tanner, M. 1995. "How the Media Misrepresents the Militia Movement." Reason Online July, pp. 1-12.
99. Tilly, C. 1986. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
100. Turner, R. 1981. "Collective Behavior and Resource Mobilization as Approaches to Social Movements: Issues and Continuities." in Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, vol. 4, edited by L. Rriesberg. Greenwich. CT: JAI.
101. Utterback, B. 1997. "The Dream of Quick Fix 'Liberty' with No Foundation, Part I." In Michigan Militia Web Page Weekly Update, April 28: http: // www.mmc.cnc.net.
102. Vaughn, D. 1997. "Anomie Theory and Organizations: Culture and the Normalization of Deviance at NASA" Pp. 95-123 in The Future of Anomie Theory, edited by N. Passas and R. Agnew. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
103. Vest, J. 1995. "Leaders of the Fringe." The Progressive 59(6): 28-29.
104. Williams, D.C. 1996. The Militia Movement and Second Amendment Revolution: Conjuring with the People." Cornell Law Review 4: 879-952.
105. Zeskind, L. 1995. "Armed and Dangerous." Rolling Stone, pp. 55-61, 84, 86-87.