메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 124, Issue 12, 1996, Pages 2764-2784

Evolution of the vertical mass flux and diagnosed net lateral mixing in isolated convective clouds

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0004302944     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<2764:EOTVMF>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0001184357 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the sea-breeze front during CaPE. Part II: Dual-Doppler and aircraft analysis
    • Atkins, N. T., R. M. Wakimoto, and T. M. Weckwerth, 1995: Observations of the sea-breeze front during CaPE. Part II: Dual-Doppler and aircraft analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 944-969.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 944-969
    • Atkins, N.T.1    Wakimoto, R.M.2    Weckwerth, T.M.3
  • 2
    • 0040979832 scopus 로고
    • Updraft evolution: A perspective from cloud base
    • Barnes, G. M., 1995: Updraft evolution: A perspective from cloud base. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2693-2715.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 2693-2715
    • Barnes, G.M.1
  • 4
    • 0020969527 scopus 로고
    • An analysis and comparison of five water droplet measuring instruments
    • Baumgardner, D., 1983: An analysis and comparison of five water droplet measuring instruments. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 891-910.
    • (1983) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.22 , pp. 891-910
    • Baumgardner, D.1
  • 5
    • 0000070384 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the forward scattering spectrometer probe. Part II: Corrections for coincidence and dead-time losses
    • _, J. W. Strapp, and J. Dye, 1985: Evaluation of the forward scattering spectrometer probe. Part II: Corrections for coincidence and dead-time losses. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 626-632.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.2 , pp. 626-632
    • Strapp, J.W.1    Dye, J.2
  • 6
    • 84981621643 scopus 로고
    • Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its parameterization
    • Betts, A. K., 1973: Non-precipitating cumulus convection and its parameterization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 99, 178-196.
    • (1973) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.99 , pp. 178-196
    • Betts, A.K.1
  • 7
    • 0020332247 scopus 로고
    • Saturation point analysis of moist convective overturning
    • _, 1982a: Saturation point analysis of moist convective overturning. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1484-1505.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 1484-1505
  • 8
    • 0020330190 scopus 로고
    • Cloud thermodynamic models in saturation point coordinates
    • _, 1982b: Cloud thermodynamic models in saturation point coordinates. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2182-2191.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 2182-2191
  • 9
    • 0027838707 scopus 로고
    • Entrainment in cumulus clouds
    • Blyth, A. M., 1993: Entrainment in cumulus clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 626-641.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.32 , pp. 626-641
    • Blyth, A.M.1
  • 10
    • 0024253348 scopus 로고
    • A study of the source of entrained air in Montana cumuli
    • _, W. A. Cooper, and J. B. Jensen, 1988: A study of the source of entrained air in Montana cumuli. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3944-3964.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 3944-3964
    • Cooper, W.A.1    Jensen, J.B.2
  • 11
    • 0024837531 scopus 로고
    • Gravity waves, compensating subsidence and detrainment around cumulus clouds
    • Bretherton, C. S., and P. K. Smolarkiewicz, 1989: Gravity waves, compensating subsidence and detrainment around cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 740-759.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 740-759
    • Bretherton, C.S.1    Smolarkiewicz, P.K.2
  • 12
    • 85033006634 scopus 로고
    • M.S. thesis, Dept. of Meteorology, University of Hawaii, [Available from Department of Meteorology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822.]
    • Browning, W. D., 1992: Kinematics and entrainment in towering cumuli in a low shear environment. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Meteorology, University of Hawaii, 115 pp. [Available from Department of Meteorology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822.]
    • (1992) Kinematics and Entrainment in Towering Cumuli in a Low Shear Environment
    • Browning, W.D.1
  • 13
    • 0000242393 scopus 로고
    • Causes of thunderstorms of the Florida peninsula
    • Byers, H. R., and H. R. Rodebush, 1948: Causes of thunderstorms of the Florida peninsula. J. Meteor., 5, 275-280.
    • (1948) J. Meteor. , vol.5 , pp. 275-280
    • Byers, H.R.1    Rodebush, H.R.2
  • 14
    • 0004224479 scopus 로고
    • U.S. Government Printing Office
    • _, and R. R. Braham, 1949: The Thunderstorm. U.S. Government Printing Office, 287 pp.
    • (1949) The Thunderstorm
    • Braham, R.R.1
  • 15
    • 0039200972 scopus 로고
    • Inflow patterns of thunderstorms as shown by winds aloft
    • _, and E. C. Hull, 1949: Inflow patterns of thunderstorms as shown by winds aloft. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 30, 90-96.
    • (1949) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.30 , pp. 90-96
    • Hull, E.C.1
  • 16
    • 0016510950 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical cumulus dynamics
    • Cotton, W. R., 1975: Theoretical cumulus dynamics. Rev. Geophys. Space Sci., 13, 419-448.
    • (1975) Rev. Geophys. Space Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 419-448
    • Cotton, W.R.1
  • 17
    • 0022833590 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the thermal balance in a general circulation model to a parameterization for cumulus convection with radiatively interactive clouds
    • Donner, L. J., 1986: Sensitivity of the thermal balance in a general circulation model to a parameterization for cumulus convection with radiatively interactive clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2277-2288.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 2277-2288
    • Donner, L.J.1
  • 18
    • 0019703825 scopus 로고
    • A similarity theory for unsaturated downdrafts within clouds
    • Emanuel, K. A., 1981: A similarity theory for unsaturated downdrafts within clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1541-1557.
    • (1981) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 1541-1557
    • Emanuel, K.A.1
  • 19
    • 0024223807 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of thunderstorm precipitation efficiency from field measurements in CCOPE
    • Fankhauser, J. C., 1988: Estimation of thunderstorm precipitation efficiency from field measurements in CCOPE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 663-684.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 663-684
    • Fankhauser, J.C.1
  • 20
    • 85033032003 scopus 로고
    • Summary of Queen Air measurements beneath cumuli in CCOPE
    • Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307
    • _, G. M. Barnes, D. W. Breed, C. Biter, and M. A. LeMone, 1983: Summary of Queen Air measurements beneath cumuli in CCOPE. NCAR Tech. Note 207+STR, 134 pp. [Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307.]
    • (1983) NCAR Tech. Note 207+STR
    • Barnes, G.M.1    Breed, D.W.2    Biter, C.3    LeMone, M.A.4
  • 21
    • 0005774958 scopus 로고
    • Objective analysis of constant altitude aircraft measurements in thunderstorm inflow regions
    • _, C. J. Biter, C. G. Mohr, and R. L. Vaughan, 1985: Objective analysis of constant altitude aircraft measurements in thunderstorm inflow regions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 2, 157-170.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.2 , pp. 157-170
    • Biter, C.J.1    Mohr, C.G.2    Vaughan, R.L.3
  • 22
    • 0026486887 scopus 로고
    • Structure of a mid-latitude squall line formed in strong unidirectional shear
    • _, G. M. Barnes, and M. A. LeMone, 1992: Structure of a mid-latitude squall line formed in strong unidirectional shear. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 237-260.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 237-260
    • Barnes, G.M.1    LeMone, M.A.2
  • 23
    • 0000243999 scopus 로고
    • Initiation of deep convection along boundary layer convergence lines in a semitropical environment
    • _, N. A. Crook, J. Tuttle, L. J. Miller, and C. G. Wade, 1995: Initiation of deep convection along boundary layer convergence lines in a semitropical environment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 291-313.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 291-313
    • Crook, N.A.1    Tuttle, J.2    Miller, L.J.3    Wade, C.G.4
  • 25
    • 0010395229 scopus 로고
    • Airflow and moisture budget beneath a northeast Colorado hailstorm
    • _, and J. C. Fankhauser, 1973: Airflow and moisture budget beneath a northeast Colorado hailstorm. J. Appl. Meteor., 12, 1330-1353.
    • (1973) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.12 , pp. 1330-1353
    • Fankhauser, J.C.1
  • 26
    • 6944241292 scopus 로고
    • The white box: The mean mechanics of the cumulus cycle
    • Fraser, A. B., 1968: The white box: The mean mechanics of the cumulus cycle. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 94, 71-87.
    • (1968) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.94 , pp. 71-87
    • Fraser, A.B.1
  • 27
    • 0027804048 scopus 로고
    • Cumulus entrainment, fine-scale mixing, and buoyancy reversal
    • Grabowski, W. W., 1993: Cumulus entrainment, fine-scale mixing, and buoyancy reversal. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 935-956.
    • (1993) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.119 , pp. 935-956
    • Grabowski, W.W.1
  • 28
    • 0026277564 scopus 로고
    • Cloud-environment interface instability: Rising thermal calculations in two spatial dimensions
    • _, and T. L. Clark, 1991: Cloud-environment interface instability: Rising thermal calculations in two spatial dimensions. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 527-546.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 527-546
    • Clark, T.L.1
  • 29
    • 0022266219 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent mixing, spectral evolution and dynamics in a warm cumulus cloud
    • Jensen, J. B., P. H. Austin, M. B. Baker, and A. M. Blyth, 1985: Turbulent mixing, spectral evolution and dynamics in a warm cumulus cloud. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 173-192.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 173-192
    • Jensen, J.B.1    Austin, P.H.2    Baker, M.B.3    Blyth, A.M.4
  • 30
    • 6944239935 scopus 로고
    • Interpretations of chaff trajectories near a severe thunderstorm
    • Jessup, E. A., 1972: Interpretations of chaff trajectories near a severe thunderstorm. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 653-661.
    • (1972) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.100 , pp. 653-661
    • Jessup, E.A.1
  • 31
    • 0024812761 scopus 로고
    • Vertical velocity characteristics of oceanic convection
    • Jorgensen, D. P., and M. A. LeMone, 1989: Vertical velocity characteristics of oceanic convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 621-640.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 621-640
    • Jorgensen, D.P.1    LeMone, M.A.2
  • 32
    • 0022220952 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of the cloud-environment interface and entrainment in small cumuli: Two-dimensional simulations in the absence of ambient shear
    • Klaassen, G. P., and T. L. Clark, 1985: Dynamics of the cloud-environment interface and entrainment in small cumuli: Two-dimensional simulations in the absence of ambient shear. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2621-2642.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 2621-2642
    • Klaassen, G.P.1    Clark, T.L.2
  • 33
    • 0000300395 scopus 로고
    • The Cape Canaveral sea and river breezes: Kinematic structure and convective initiation
    • Laird, N. F., D. A. R. Kristovich, R. M. Rauber, H. T. Ochs III, and L. J. Miller, 1995: The Cape Canaveral sea and river breezes: Kinematic structure and convective initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2942-2956.
    • (1995) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.123 , pp. 2942-2956
    • Laird, N.F.1    Kristovich, D.A.R.2    Rauber, R.M.3    Ochs III, H.T.4    Miller, L.J.5
  • 34
    • 0020969828 scopus 로고
    • Cloud top mixing in small cumuli
    • LaMontagne, R. G., and J. W. Telford, 1983: Cloud top mixing in small cumuli. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2148-2156.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 2148-2156
    • LaMontagne, R.G.1    Telford, J.W.2
  • 35
    • 0003933050 scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wyoming, [Available from University of Wyoming, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071.]
    • Lawson, R. P., 1988: The measurement of temperature from an aircraft in cloud. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wyoming, 336 pp. [Available from University of Wyoming, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071.]
    • (1988) The Measurement of Temperature from An Aircraft in Cloud
    • Lawson, R.P.1
  • 36
    • 0000433580 scopus 로고
    • Performance of some airborne thermometers in clouds
    • _, and W. A. Cooper, 1990: Performance of some airborne thermometers in clouds. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 7, 480-494.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.7 , pp. 480-494
    • Cooper, W.A.1
  • 37
    • 0008878529 scopus 로고
    • On the difficulty of measuring temperature and humidity in cloud: Comments on "Shallow convection on day 261 and mesoscale arcs"
    • LeMone, M. A., 1980: On the difficulty of measuring temperature and humidity in cloud: Comments on "Shallow convection on day 261 and mesoscale arcs." Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 224-226.
    • (1980) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.108 , pp. 224-226
    • LeMone, M.A.1
  • 38
    • 0019147573 scopus 로고
    • Cumulonimbus vertical velocity events in GATE. Part I: Diameter, intensity, and mass flux
    • _, and E. J. Zipser, 1980: Cumulonimbus vertical velocity events in GATE. Part I: Diameter, intensity, and mass flux. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2444-2457.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 2444-2457
    • Zipser, E.J.1
  • 39
    • 0024265511 scopus 로고
    • Perturbation pressure fields measured by aircraft around the cloud-base updraft of deep convective clouds
    • _, G. M. Barnes, J. C. Fankhauser, and L. F. Tarleton, 1988: Perturbation pressure fields measured by aircraft around the cloud-base updraft of deep convective clouds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 313-327.
    • (1988) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.116 , pp. 313-327
    • Barnes, G.M.1    Fankhauser, J.C.2    Tarleton, L.F.3
  • 40
    • 0001677591 scopus 로고
    • On the measurement of in-cloud and wet-bulb temperatures from an aircraft
    • Lenschow, D. H., and W. T. Pennell, 1974: On the measurement of in-cloud and wet-bulb temperatures from an aircraft. Mon. Wea. Rev., 102, 447-454.
    • (1974) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.102 , pp. 447-454
    • Lenschow, D.H.1    Pennell, W.T.2
  • 41
    • 0000596217 scopus 로고
    • Spherical vortex theory of bubble-like motion in cumulus clouds
    • Levine, J., 1959: Spherical vortex theory of bubble-like motion in cumulus clouds. J. Meteor., 16, 653-662.
    • (1959) J. Meteor. , vol.16 , pp. 653-662
    • Levine, J.1
  • 42
    • 0000877280 scopus 로고
    • Vertical velocity in oceanic convection off tropical Australia
    • Lucas, C., E. J. Zipser, and M. A. LeMone, 1994: Vertical velocity in oceanic convection off tropical Australia. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3183-3193.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 3183-3193
    • Lucas, C.1    Zipser, E.J.2    LeMone, M.A.3
  • 43
    • 0010937059 scopus 로고
    • Some results of a trade cumulus cloud investigation
    • Malkus, J. S., 1954: Some results of a trade cumulus cloud investigation. J. Meteor., 11, 220-237.
    • (1954) J. Meteor. , vol.11 , pp. 220-237
    • Malkus, J.S.1
  • 44
    • 6944235832 scopus 로고
    • Penetrative convection and an application to hurricane cumulonimbus towers
    • C. E. Anderson, Ed., Pergamon Press
    • _, 1960: Penetrative convection and an application to hurricane cumulonimbus towers. Cumulus Dynamics, C. E. Anderson, Ed., Pergamon Press, 65-84.
    • (1960) Cumulus Dynamics , pp. 65-84
  • 45
    • 0004829923 scopus 로고
    • The erosion of cumulus towers
    • _, and R. S. Scorer, 1955: The erosion of cumulus towers. J. Meteor., 12, 43-57.
    • (1955) J. Meteor. , vol.12 , pp. 43-57
    • Scorer, R.S.1
  • 46
    • 6944255226 scopus 로고
    • Internal airflow of a convective storm from dual-Doppler radar measurements
    • Miller, L. J., 1975: Internal airflow of a convective storm from dual-Doppler radar measurements. Pure Appl. Geophys., 113, 765-785.
    • (1975) Pure Appl. Geophys. , vol.113 , pp. 765-785
    • Miller, L.J.1
  • 47
    • 0020969829 scopus 로고
    • Dynamical-microphysical evolution of a convective storm in a weakly sheared environment. Part II: Airflow and precipitation trajectories from Doppler radar observations
    • _, J. E. Dye, and B. E. Manner, 1983: Dynamical-microphysical evolution of a convective storm in a weakly sheared environment. Part II: Airflow and precipitation trajectories from Doppler radar observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 2097-2109.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.40 , pp. 2097-2109
    • Dye, J.E.1    Manner, B.E.2
  • 48
    • 0018617195 scopus 로고
    • The entrainment mechanisms in Colorado cumuli
    • Paluch, I. R., 1979: The entrainment mechanisms in Colorado cumuli. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 2467-2478.
    • (1979) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 2467-2478
    • Paluch, I.R.1
  • 49
    • 0024838094 scopus 로고
    • Ozone conservation and entrainment in cumulus congestus
    • Pearson, R., and C. J. Weaver, 1989: Ozone conservation and entrainment in cumulus congestus. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2031-2043.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 2031-2043
    • Pearson, R.1    Weaver, C.J.2
  • 50
    • 0001304745 scopus 로고
    • A three dimensional numerical model of the seabreezes over South Florida
    • Pielke, R. A., 1974: A three dimensional numerical model of the seabreezes over South Florida. Mon. Wea. Rev., 102, 115-139.
    • (1974) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.102 , pp. 115-139
    • Pielke, R.A.1
  • 51
    • 0009480558 scopus 로고
    • Entrainment and mixing as related to the microphysical properties of shallow, warm, cumulus clouds
    • Pontikis, C., A. Rigaud, and E. Hicks, 1987: Entrainment and mixing as related to the microphysical properties of shallow, warm, cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2150-2165.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 2150-2165
    • Pontikis, C.1    Rigaud, A.2    Hicks, E.3
  • 52
    • 0025676688 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of cumulus band clouds off the coast of Hawaii
    • Raga, G. B., J. B. Jensen, and M. B. Baker, 1990: Characteristics of cumulus band clouds off the coast of Hawaii. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 338-355.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 338-355
    • Raga, G.B.1    Jensen, J.B.2    Baker, M.B.3
  • 53
    • 0022043232 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of mountain-induced thunderstorms and cumulus congestus clouds from budget measurements
    • Raymond, D. J., and M. H. Wilkening, 1985: Characteristics of mountain-induced thunderstorms and cumulus congestus clouds from budget measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 773-783.
    • (1985) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 773-783
    • Raymond, D.J.1    Wilkening, M.H.2
  • 54
    • 0022923581 scopus 로고
    • A stochastic mixing model for non-precipitating cumulus clouds
    • _, and A. M. Blyth, 1986: A stochastic mixing model for non-precipitating cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2708-2718.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 2708-2718
    • Blyth, A.M.1
  • 55
    • 0023512289 scopus 로고
    • Mixing mechanisms in cumulus congestus clouds. Part I: Observations
    • Reuter, G. W., and M. K. Yau, 1987: Mixing mechanisms in cumulus congestus clouds. Part I: Observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 781-797.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 781-797
    • Reuter, G.W.1    Yau, M.K.2
  • 57
    • 84977295262 scopus 로고
    • Experiments with convection bubbles
    • _, and C. Ronne, 1956: Experiments with convection bubbles. Weather, 11, 151-155.
    • (1956) Weather , vol.11 , pp. 151-155
    • Ronne, C.1
  • 58
    • 0020930810 scopus 로고
    • Cumulus clouds: Numerical models, observations and entrainment
    • D. K. Lilly and T. Gal-Chen, Eds., D. Reidel Publishing
    • Simpson, J., 1983: Cumulus clouds: Numerical models, observations and entrainment. Mesoscale Meteorology - Theories, Observations, and Models, D. K. Lilly and T. Gal-Chen, Eds., D. Reidel Publishing, 413-445.
    • (1983) Mesoscale Meteorology - Theories, Observations, and Models , pp. 413-445
    • Simpson, J.1
  • 59
    • 0342945552 scopus 로고
    • 1968 Florida cumulus seeding experiment: Numerical models results
    • _, and V. Wiggert, 1971: 1968 Florida cumulus seeding experiment: Numerical models results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 99, 87-118.
    • (1971) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.99 , pp. 87-118
    • Wiggert, V.1
  • 61
    • 0000145122 scopus 로고
    • Penetrative downdrafts in cumuli
    • Squires, P., 1958: Penetrative downdrafts in cumuli. Tellus, 10, 381-389.
    • (1958) Tellus , vol.10 , pp. 381-389
    • Squires, P.1
  • 62
    • 0001266718 scopus 로고
    • An entraining jet model for cumulonimbus updraughts
    • _, and J. S. Turner, 1962: An entraining jet model for cumulonimbus updraughts. Tellus, 14, 422-434.
    • (1962) Tellus , vol.14 , pp. 422-434
    • Turner, J.S.1
  • 63
    • 0027066462 scopus 로고
    • Observations of cloud-top entrainment in cumuli
    • Stith, J., 1992: Observations of cloud-top entrainment in cumuli. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1334-1347.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 1334-1347
    • Stith, J.1
  • 64
    • 0001960501 scopus 로고
    • Entrainment of air into a cumulus cloud
    • Stommel, H., 1947: Entrainment of air into a cumulus cloud. J. Meteor., 4, 91-94.
    • (1947) J. Meteor. , vol.4 , pp. 91-94
    • Stommel, H.1
  • 65
    • 0026286209 scopus 로고
    • Entrainment and detrainment in cumulus clouds
    • Taylor, G. R., and M. B. Baker, 1991: Entrainment and detrainment in cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 112-121.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 112-121
    • Taylor, G.R.1    Baker, M.B.2
  • 66
    • 0003910474 scopus 로고
    • Turbulence, entrainment, and mixing in cloud dynamics
    • Telford, J. W., 1975: Turbulence, entrainment, and mixing in cloud dynamics. Pure Appl. Geophys., 113, 1067-1084.
    • (1975) Pure Appl. Geophys. , vol.113 , pp. 1067-1084
    • Telford, J.W.1
  • 67
    • 84958444118 scopus 로고
    • The starting plume in neutral surroundings
    • Turner, J. S., 1962: The starting plume in neutral surroundings. J. Fluid Mech., 13, 356-368.
    • (1962) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.13 , pp. 356-368
    • Turner, J.S.1
  • 68
    • 0000955079 scopus 로고
    • The water content of cumuliform cloud
    • Warner, J., 1955: The water content of cumuliform cloud. Tellus, 7, 449-457.
    • (1955) Tellus , vol.7 , pp. 449-457
    • Warner, J.1
  • 69
    • 84987073353 scopus 로고
    • The microstructure of a cumulus cloud. Part III: The nature of the updraft
    • _, 1970: The microstructure of a cumulus cloud. Part III: The nature of the updraft. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 682-688.
    • (1970) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 682-688
  • 70
    • 0000592912 scopus 로고
    • Time variation of updraft and water content in small cumulus clouds
    • _, 1977: Time variation of updraft and water content in small cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1306-1312.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 1306-1312
  • 71
    • 0021537479 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between total area divergence and convective precipitation in south Florida
    • Watson, A. I., and D. O. Blanchard, 1984: The relationship between total area divergence and convective precipitation in south Florida. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 673-685.
    • (1984) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.112 , pp. 673-685
    • Watson, A.I.1    Blanchard, D.O.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.