Center and Periphery: Cultural Identity and Localism of the Southern Chinese Peasantry

Issues and Studies

Volumn 32, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 1-34

  Yuan, I ^a  

^a NATIONAL CHENGCHI UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Dialect consciousness; Lineage; Peasant localism; South China; Territorial cults

Indexed keywords

EID: 0004301885     PISSN: 10132511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. See also I Yuan, "State Dominance and Peasant Resistance in Post-1949 South China," Issues & Studies 31, no. 9 (September 1995): 55-89.
2. For a discussion of the North China counterpart, see Myron L. Cohen, "Lineage Organization in North China," Journal of Asian Studies 49, no. 3 (1990): 509-34.
3. On the southern Chinese dialects, see Mary S. Erbaugh, "Southern Chinese Dialects as a Medium for Reconciliation within Greater China," Language in Society 24, no. 1 (1995): 79-94.
4. Robert Benewick, "Political Institutionalization at the Basic Level of Government and Below in China," in The Chinese State in the Era of Economic Reform: The Road to Crisis, ed. Gordon White (London: Macmillan, 1990), 244.
5. Helen F. Siu, Agents and Victims in South China (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1989 and 1992), 10-11.
6. Kenneth Dean, Taoist Ritual and Popular Cults of Southeast China (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993), 216.
7. Ibid., 173-86.
8. Andrew B. Kipnis, "Within and Against Peasantness: Backwardness and Filiality in Rural China," Comparative Studies in Society and History 37, no. 1 (1995): 121; and Daniel Kelliher, "Chinese Communist Political Theory and the Rediscovery of the Peasantry," Modern China 20, no. 4 (1994): 387-415.
9. Andrew B. Kipnis, "Within and Against Peasantness: Backwardness and Filiality in Rural China," Comparative Studies in Society and History 37, no. 1 (1995): 121; and Daniel Kelliher, "Chinese Communist Political Theory and the Rediscovery of the Peasantry," Modern China 20, no. 4 (1994): 387-415.
10. See James L. Watson, "Standardizing the Gods: The Promotion of Tien Hou Along the South China Coast, 960-1960," in Popular Culture in Late Imperial China, ed. David Johnson et al. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), chap. 10; and Robert P. Weller, Unities and Diversities in Chinese Religion (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1987), 9.
11. See James L. Watson, "Standardizing the Gods: The Promotion of Tien Hou Along the South China Coast, 960-1960," in Popular Culture in Late Imperial China, ed. David Johnson et al. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), chap. 10; and Robert P. Weller, Unities and Diversities in Chinese Religion (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1987), 9.
12. Helen F. Siu, "Cultural Identity and the Politics of Difference in South China," Daedalus 122, no. 2 (1993): 19-44.
13. On the territorial importance of the lineage, see David Faure, The Structure of Chinese Rural Society (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1986), 11.
14. See Vivienne Shue, The Reach of the State: Sketches of the Chinese Body Politic (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1988), chap, 2.
15. Maurice Freedman, Lineage Organization in Southeastern China (London: The Athlone Press, 1958), 1.
16. Sulamith Heins Potter and Jack M. Potter, China's Peasants: The Anthropology of a Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 66.
17. Ibid., 97.
18. Freedman, Lineage Organization, 4.
19. On the importance of natural villages in post-1978 rural China, see Liu Zhengchuan, Xiangcun zuzhi tizhi gaige (Reforming the organization of township and village) (Beijing: Zhongguo linye chubanshe, 1987), 32-38.
20. Elisabeth J. Croll, "Reform, Local Political Institutions and the Village Economy in China," Journal of Communist Studies 3, no. 4 (December 1987): 43-45; James L. Watson, ed., Class and Social Stratification in Post-Revolution China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984); and Andrew Watson, ed., Economic Reform and Social Change in China (London: Routledge, 1992).
21. Elisabeth J. Croll, "Reform, Local Political Institutions and the Village Economy in China," Journal of Communist Studies 3, no. 4 (December 1987): 43-45; James L. Watson, ed., Class and Social Stratification in Post-Revolution China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984); and Andrew Watson, ed., Economic Reform and Social Change in China (London: Routledge, 1992).
22. Elisabeth J. Croll, "Reform, Local Political Institutions and the Village Economy in China," Journal of Communist Studies 3, no. 4 (December 1987): 43-45; James L. Watson, ed., Class and Social Stratification in Post-Revolution China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984); and Andrew Watson, ed., Economic Reform and Social Change in China (London: Routledge, 1992).
23. Regarding the reform of rural political institutions, see J. Bruce Jacobs, "Political and Economic Organizational Changes and Continuities in Six Rural Chinese Locations," Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, no. 14 (July 1985): 109-14.
24. Potter and Potter, China's Peasants, 23-25.
25. Freedman, Lineage Organization, chap. 11.
26. I have outlined the Hakka-populated regions in another paper entitled "Reinventing Mao's Peasant Revolution in South China" (forthcoming).
27. Potter and Potter, China's Peasants, 10-11.
28. Nanfang ribao (Southern Daily), April 17, 1988, 1-2.
29. Ibid., December 1, 1988, 2.
30. Ibid., May 3, 1989, 2.
31. Ibid., June 20, 1989, 4.
32. Ibid., March 19, 1991, 4.
33. Ibid., November 19, 1991, 4.
34. Anxi xianzhi (Gazetteer of Anxi county) (Beijing: Xinhua chubanshe, 1994), 1190-93.
35. Wang Jicheng and Chen Huoyao, Taibei Anxi tongxianghui (The Anxi Association of Taipei) (Taipei: The Anxi Association of Taipei, 1982).
36. A field trip was made to Hutou on April 6-7, 1995.
37. Panshi was founded two hundred years ago by the Mai lineage. The Mais originally came from a nearby village which they shared with the Li lineage. Due to constant feuding between the two lineages, a group of Mais resettled in Panshi.
38. Shijie ribao (The World Journal), August 27, 1992, 11.
39. Nanfang ribao, April 20, 1984, 4.
40. Ibid., May 7, 1988, 2.
41. Ibid., August 16, 1988, 2.
42. Ibid., October 25, 1988, 2.
43. Ibid., October 6, 1988, 2.
44. Fazhi ribao (Legal Daily), August 7, 1985, 1.
45. Nanfang ribao, June 26, 1991, 2; June 27, 1991, 2; and July 3, 1991, 2; Shijie ribao, March 12, 1992, 11 and October 27, 1992, 11.
46. Nanfang ribao, June 26, 1991, 2; June 27, 1991, 2; and July 3, 1991, 2; Shijie ribao, March 12, 1992, 11 and October 27, 1992, 11.
47. Nanfang ribao, June 26, 1991, 2; June 27, 1991, 2; and July 3, 1991, 2; Shijie ribao, March 12, 1992, 11 and October 27, 1992, 11.
48. Nanfang ribao, June 26, 1991, 2; June 27, 1991, 2; and July 3, 1991, 2; Shijie ribao, March 12, 1992, 11 and October 27, 1992, 11.
49. Nanfang ribao, June 26, 1991, 2; June 27, 1991, 2; and July 3, 1991, 2; Shijie ribao, March 12, 1992, 11 and October 27, 1992, 11.
50. Shijie ribao, February 11, 1993, 11.
51. Lester Ross, "The Changing Profile of Dispute Resolution in Rural China," Stanford Journal of International Law 26 (Fall 1989): 15-66.
52. Since November 1987, over three million Taiwanese have visited China.
53. Prasenjit Duara, Culture, Power, and the State: Rural North China, 1900-1942 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1988), 119-20.
54. Stephan Feuchtwang, "The Problem of Superstition in the People's Republic of China," in Religion and Political Power, ed. Gustavo Benavides and M. W. Daly (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York, 1989), chap. 4.
55. Susan Naquin and Chun-Fang Yu, eds., Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), chap. 5.
56. See Watson, "Standardizing the Gods."
57. C. K. Yang, Religion in Chinese Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967), 147.
58. See Chen Ziping, Jin wubainian lai Fujian de jiazu shehui yu wenhua (The lineage society and culture of Fujian in the last five hundred years) (Shanghai: Sanlian chubanshe, 1991), chap. 1.
59. Regarding the religious sphere, see Lin Mei-rong, "The Religious Sphere as a Form of Local Organization: A Case Study from Tsaotun Township," Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, no. 62 (1987): 53-114.
60. Nanfang ribao, March 19, 1979, 1 and February 24, 1992, 1.
61. Nanfang ribao, March 19, 1979, 1 and February 24, 1992, 1.
62. See note 51 above.
63. On procession festivals, see Stephan Feuchtwang, The Imperial Metaphor: Popular Religion in China (London: Routledge, 1992), 76-79; and Weller, Unities and Diversities in Chinese Religion, chap. 2.
64. On procession festivals, see Stephan Feuchtwang, The Imperial Metaphor: Popular Religion in China (London: Routledge, 1992), 76-79; and Weller, Unities and Diversities in Chinese Religion, chap. 2.
65. Lin Sisui, Anxi xianzhi fubian (A supplementary to Anxi gazetteer) (Taipei: The Anxi Association of Taipei, 1967), 165-70.
66. This data was provided by Liu Yuming, director of the administrative committee of the Qingshui Zushi Zumiao.
67. Feuchtwang, The Imperial Metaphor, 69-71.
68. PRC Ministry of Public Security First Bureau, "Main Activities of the Sects and Societies in Recent Years," Chinese Sociology and Anthropology 21, no. 4 (Summer 1989): 49-84.