The NTUGCM's AMIP simulation on the East Asian summer monsoon

Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 197-238

  Kau, Wen Shung ^a  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

AMIP; East Asian summer monsoon; Indian monsoon; NTUGCM; Subtropical high; Surface boundary forcing

Indexed keywords

EID: 0003771358     PISSN: 10170839     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3319/TAO.1998.9.2.197(A)     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Arakawa, A., and Y. Mintz, 1974: The UCLA general circulation model. Notes from a Workshop on Amospheric Modeling, 25 March - 4 April 1974, Dept. of Meteorology, University of California at Los Angeles, 404 pp.
2. Barnett, T. P., L. Dumenil, U. Schlese, E. Roeckner, and M. Latif, 1989: The effect of Eurasian snow cover on regional and global climate variation. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 661-685.
3. Bhasjar Rao, D. V., K. Yamazaki, and A. Kitoh, 1991: Some GCM experiments of the Asia summer monsoon related to land boundary conditions. Pap. Met. Geophys.,42, 127-143.
4. Boer, G.J., K. Arpe, M. Blackburn, M. Deque, W.L. Gates, T.L. Hart, H. Le Treut. E. Roeckner, D.A. Sheinin, I. Simmonds, R.N.B. Smith, T. Tokioka, R.T. Wetherald, and D. Williamson, 1991: An intercomparison of the climate simulated by 14 atmospheric general circulation models; CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, Report No. 1S. WMO/TD-No. 425.
5. Brown, JA. 1974: On vertical differencing in the sigma system. NMC office note 92, National Meteorological Center, Washington, D. C., 13pp.
6. Chouinard, C., M. Beland, and N. McFarlane, 1986: A simple gravity wave drag parameterization for use in medium-range forecast models. Atmos. Ocean, 24, 91-110.
7. Ding Yihui, Z. Shenming, and Z. Jian, 1987: A study of the global 200 hPa divergent ciculations n the tropics and subtropics in the summer. Acta Meteorol. Sinica, 45, 120-127.
8. Ding Yihui, 1994: Monsoons over China. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 419 pp.
9. Diimenil, L., and U. Schlese, 1987: Changes to the parameterization package and their impact on perpetual January simulations; In: G. Fischer (Ed.) Climate Simulations with the ECMWF T21-model in Hamburg. Large Scale Atmospheric Modelling, Report No. 1, 121-139, Meteorologisches Institut der Universitat Hamburg.
10. Feng Zhiqiang 1992: Seasonal variations of the Asian monsoon. Japanese Experiment on Asian Monsoon, 364 pp.
11. Finder, J. 1969: A major low-level air current near the Indian Ocean during the northern summer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 95, 362-380.
12. Gates, W. L., 1992: The atmospheric model intercomparison project. Bull. Amer. Meteor, Soc., 73, 1962-1970.
13. Geleyn, J.-F., 1981: Some diagnostics of the cloud/radiation interaction in the ECMWF forecast model. Proceedings of the Workshop on Radiation and Cloud-Radiation Interaction in Numerical Modeling, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, England, 135-162.
14. Gilchrist, A., 1981: Simulation of the Asia summer monsoon by 11-layer general circulation model. Monsoon dynamics. In: J. Lighthill and R. P. Pearce (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, 131-145.
15. Gill, A., 1980: Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 106, 447-462.
16. Hahn, D., and S. Manabe, 1975: The role of mountains in the south Asia monsoon circlulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1515-1541.
17. He, H., J. W. McGinnis, Z. Song, and M. Yanai, 1987: Onset of the Asian summer monsoon in 1979 and the effect of the Tibetan Plateau. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1966-1995.
18. Hoskins, B. J, and M. J. Rodwell, 1995: A model of the Asian summer monsoon. Part I: The global scale. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1329-1356.
19. Hsu, H. H., and C. T. Chen, 1997: Evolution of Large-scale Circulation during the First Transition of Asian Summer Monsoon, (Submitted to Journal Climate.)
20. Huang, R.H., 1985: Numerical simulation of the three-dimensional teleconnections in the summer circulation over the Northern Hemisphere, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 2, 81-92.
21. Ju, J., and J. Slingo, 1995: The Asian summer monsoon and ENSO. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1133-1168.
22. Kau W. S., H. H. Hsu, A. B. Shei, and K.N. Lion, 1995: The NTU Atmospheric General Circulation Model 1. NTU Technical Report, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 95pp.
23. Kitoh, A., and T. Tokioka, 1987: A simulation of the tropospheric general circulation with the MRI atmospheric general circulation model. Part III: The Asia summer monsoon . J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 65, 167-187. Kitoh, A., 1992: Simulated interannual variations of the Indo-Australian monsoons. J. Meteor, Soc. Japan, 70, 563-583.
24. Kitoh, A., and T. Tokioka, 1987: A simulation of the tropospheric general circulation with the MRI atmospheric general circulation model. Part III: The Asia summer monsoon . J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 65, 167-187. Kitoh, A., 1992: Simulated interannual variations of the Indo-Australian monsoons. J. Meteor, Soc. Japan, 70, 563-583.
25. Krishnamurti, T. N., and H. N. Bhalme, 1976: Oscillation of a monsoon system. Part I: Observational aspects. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1937-1954
26. Krishnamurti, T. N., and Y. Ramanathan , 1982:. Sensitivity of monsoon onset of differential heating. J. Atmos. Sci. 39, 1290-1306.
27. Krishnamurti, T. N., 1985: Summer monsoon experiment-A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1590-1626.
28. Kuo, H. L., 1965: On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones through latenet heat release by cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 22, 40-63.
29. Lanczos, C., 1966: Discourse on Fourier Series. Hafner Publishing, 255 pp.
30. Lau K.-M., and S. Yang, 1997: Climatology and Interannual Variability of the Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon, (To appear in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences.)
31. Lau, K-M 1992, East Asia summer monsoon rainfall variability and climate teleconnection. 1. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 211 -242,
32. Lau, K-M., G. J.Yang, and S. H. Shen, 1988: Seasonal and intraseasonal climatology of summer monsoon rainfall over East Asia. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 18-37.
33. Laursen, L., and E. Eliasen, 1989: On the effects of the damping mechanisms in an atmospheric general circulation model. Tellus, 41A, 385-400.
34. Lin Benda, and M. Jinhai, 1981: The dynamic analysis of the sudden northward shift of subtropical high at the end of Mei-yu in 1977. Sci. Atmos. Sinica, 5, 255-266.
35. Liou, K. N., S. C. Ou, S. Kinne, and G. Koening, 1984: Radiation parameterization programs for use in general circulation models. Report No. AFGL-TR-84-02171, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts 53pp.
36. Liou, K. N., and Q. Zheng, 1984: A numerical experiment on the interaction of radiation, clouds and dynamic process in a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1513-1535.
37. Liou, K. N., and G. D. Wittman, 1979: Parameterization of the radiative processes of clouds J. Atmos. Sci ., 36, 1261-1273.
38. Lou, K. N., and S. C. Ou, 1981: Parameterization of the infrared radiative transfer in cloudy atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1513-1535,
39. Meehl, G. A., 1994: Influence of the land surface in the Asian summer monsoon: External conditions verses internal feedbacks. J. climate, 7, 1033-1049.
40. Nakazawa, T., 1992: Seasonal phase lock of intraseasonal variation during the Asian summer monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 597-611.
41. Nigam, S., 1994: On the dynamical basis for the Asian summer monsoon rainfall-EL Nino relationship. J. climate, 7, 1750-1771.
42. Ou, S. C., and K. N. Liou 1988: Development of radiation and cloud parameterization programs for AFGL global models. Report No. AFGL TR-88-00181, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, 88pp.
43. Palmer, T. N., C. Brankovic, P. Viterbo and M. J. Miller, 1992: Modeling interannual variations of summer monsoons. J. Climate, 5, 399-417.
44. Phillips, N. A. 1975: Application of Arakawa s energy conserving layer model to operational numerical weather prediction. NMC OAice Note 1041, National Meteorological Center, Washington, D. C., 40pp.
45. Phillips, N. A., 1979: The Nested Grid Model. NOAA Tech. Report NWS-22,U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and atmospheric Agency, National Weather Service, Washington, D. C.
46. Robert, A. J., 1969: The integration of a spectral model of the atmosphere by the implicit method. Proceedings of the WMO/IUGG Symposium on Numerical Weather Prediction, November 26-December-4, 1968, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, VII-19-VII-24.
47. Roeckner, E., U. Schlese, and B. Rockel, 1989: The impact of cloud and radiation parameterization changes in January and July ∼imulations with the ECMWF T21-model; In: G. Fischer (Ed.), Climate Simulations with the ECMWF T21-model in Hamburg. Large Scale Atmospheric Modelling, Report No. 2, 139-186, Meteorologisches Institut der Universitat Hamburg.
48. Rosenfield, J. E., M. R. Schoeberl, and M.A Geller, 1987: A computation of the stratospheric diabatic circulation using an accurate radiative transfer model. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 859-876
49. Shukla, J., 1975: Effect of Arabian sea-surface temperature anomaly on Imdian summer monsoon: A numerical experiment with GFDL model. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 503-511.
50. Sela, J., 1980: Spectral modeling at the National Meteorological Center. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1279-1292.
51. Slingo, J. M., and B. Ritter, 1985: Cloud prediction in the ECMWF model. ECMWF TECH. Report No. 46, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, England, 48 pp.
52. Soman, M. K., and J. Slingo, 1997: Sensitivity of Asian summer monsoon to aspects of sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Quart J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 309-336.
53. Sperber, K. R., S. Hameed, G. L. Potter, and J. S. Boyle, 1994: Simulation of the northern summer monsoon in the ECMWF model: sensitivity to the horizontal resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2461-2481.
54. Sperber. K. R., H. Sultan., P. Gerald., and B. James., 1994: Simulation of the northern summer monsoon in the ECMWF model: Sentivity to horizontal resolution. Mon. Wea. Rew., 122, 2461-2481.
55. Sud, Y. C., and W. E. Smith, 1985: Influence of local land-surface processes on the Indian monsoon: A numerical study. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol., 24,1015-1036.
56. Tao Shiyan, X. Suyin, and G. Qiyun, 1962: The charcateristics of meridional and zonal types of circulation in East Asia tropics and subtropics in summer. Acta Meteorol. Sinica, 28, 234-247.
57. Tao, S.Y., and L.X. Chen. 1985: Summer monsoon in East Asia, Prec. International Conference on Monsoons in the Far East, Tokyo, 5-8 Nov. 1985, 1-11.
58. Tao, S., and L. Chen, 1987: A review of recent research on the East Asian summer monsoon in China. In monsoon Meteorology, C.-P. Chang and Y. N. Krishnamurti ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 60-92.
59. Tao, S., C. Fu, Z. Zeng, and Q.-Y. Zhang, 1991: Two long-term instrumental climate data bases of the People s Republic of China. Environmental Sciences Division, DOE, Publication No. 3747, ORNL/CDIAC-47, NDP-039, 83 pp.
60. Tibaldi, S., T. N. Palmer, C. Brankovic, and U. Cubasch, 1990; Extended-range predictions with ECMWF models: Influence of horizontal resolution on systematic error and forecast skill. Quart. J. R. Met. Soc., 116, 835-866.
61. Wang, W. C., H. H., Hsu, W. S. Kau, X. Z. Laing, Lino, C. T. Chen, A. N. Samel, C. H, Tsou, P. H. Lin, and K. C. Ko, 1996: GCM simulationsof the East Asia Climate. East Asia and Western Pacific Meteorology Meteorology and Climate, World Scientific .
62. Wang Jizhi, and M. Li, 1982: Cross-equatorial flow from Australia and monsoon over China. Sci. Atmos. Sinica., 6, 1-10.
63. Washington, W.M., R.M. Chervin, and G.V. Rao, 1977: Effects of a variety of Indian ocean surface temperature anomaly patterns on the summer monsoon circulation: Experiments wth the NCAR general circulation model. Pure and App. Grophys., 115, 1335-13S6.
64. Yamazaki, K., 1988; Influence of sea surface temperature anomalies over the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean on the tropic atmospheric circulation -A numerical experiment -. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 66, 797-806.
65. Yang, S., K. M. Lau, and M. Sankar-Rao, 1996: Precursory signals associated with the interannual variability of the Asian summer monsoon. J. Climate, 9, 949-964.
66. Yang, S., and K. M. Lau, 1997: Influences of Sea Surface Temperature and Ground Wetness on Asian Summer Monsoon, (Submitted to Journal of Climate.)
67. Yanai, M., C. Li, and Z. Song, 1992: Seasonal heating of the Tibetan Plateau and its effects on the evolution of the Asian summer monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 1B, 319-351.
68. Zwiers, F. W. 1993: Simulation of the Asia Summer Monsoon with the CCC GCM-1, J. Climate, 6, 470-486.