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Volumn 75, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 333-356

The principle and practice of 'reconciliation' in German foreign policy: Relations with France, Israel, Poland and the Czech Republic

(1)  Feldman, Lily Gardner a  

a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0003484127     PISSN: 00205850     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-2346.00075     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (102)

References (126)
  • 1
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    • the coalition agreement between the Greens and the Social Democratic Party
    • See e.g. the coalition agreement between the Greens and the Social Democratic Party; and Margarete Limberg, 'Was nun Herr Schröder?', Jüdische Wochenzeitung 53: 1, 15 Oct. 1998.
  • 2
    • 0039340434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Was nun Herr Schröder?
    • 15 Oct.
    • See e.g. the coalition agreement between the Greens and the Social Democratic Party; and Margarete Limberg, 'Was nun Herr Schröder?', Jüdische Wochenzeitung 53: 1, 15 Oct. 1998.
    • (1998) Jüdische Wochenzeitung , vol.53 , pp. 1
    • Limberg, M.1
  • 3
    • 0041119613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • In the last decade 'reconciliation' has emerged globally as a policy goal and academic preoccupation, from South Africa to the Middle East, from Northern Ireland to Bosnia, from large powers (American initiatives towards Vietnam and Iran) to small groups (Turkish and Greek Cypriots in Cyprus).
  • 4
    • 0039932688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alte bekenntnisse verlangen nach neuer begründung
    • 17 March
    • Wolfgang Ischinger and Rudolf Adam, 'Alte Bekenntnisse verlangen nach neuer Begründung', Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 17 March 1998. For analysis of other German cases, namely relations with the Netherlands and the United States, as 'peace communities', see Michael Zielinski, Friedensursachen. Genese und konstituierende Bedindungen von Friedensgemeinschaften am Beispiel der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Entwicklung ihrer Beziehungen zu den USA, Frankreich und den Niederlanden (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1995). On Germany's relations with Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic, employing an alternative approach of bilateral treaties, see Ann Phillips, 'The politics of reconciliation: Germany in central-east Europe', German Politics 27: 2, Aug. 1998.
    • (1998) Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
    • Ischinger, W.1    Adam, R.2
  • 6
    • 0040525498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The politics of reconciliation: Germany in central-east Europe
    • Aug.
    • Wolfgang Ischinger and Rudolf Adam, 'Alte Bekenntnisse verlangen nach neuer Begründung', Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 17 March 1998. For analysis of other German cases, namely relations with the Netherlands and the United States, as 'peace communities', see Michael Zielinski, Friedensursachen. Genese und konstituierende Bedindungen von Friedensgemeinschaften am Beispiel der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Entwicklung ihrer Beziehungen zu den USA, Frankreich und den Niederlanden (Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1995). On Germany's relations with Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic, employing an alternative approach of bilateral treaties, see Ann Phillips, 'The politics of reconciliation: Germany in central-east Europe', German Politics 27: 2, Aug. 1998.
    • (1998) German Politics , vol.27 , pp. 2
    • Phillips, A.1
  • 8
    • 0041498285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciliation and legitimacy: Foreign relations and enlargement of the European Union
    • Thomas Banchoff and Mitchell P. Smith, eds, London: Routledge
    • For discussion of the two emerging analytical approaches to reconciliation, the theologically based 'forgiveness school' and the interest-based 'rapprochement school', see Lily Gardner Feldman, 'Reconciliation and legitimacy: foreign relations and enlargement of the European Union', in Thomas Banchoff and Mitchell P. Smith, eds, Legitimacy and the European Union: the contested polity (London: Routledge, 1999).
    • (1999) Legitimacy and the European Union: The Contested Polity
    • Feldman, L.G.1
  • 11
    • 27944501136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • paper prepared for the US Institute of Peace, Washington, DC
    • As two approaches that straddle the two schools, see George E. Irani, 'Rituals of reconciliation: Arab-Islamic perspectives', paper prepared for the US Institute of Peace, Washington, DC, 1998;
    • (1998) Rituals of Reconciliation: Arab-Islamic Perspectives
    • Irani, G.E.1
  • 13
    • 0003740673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • These assumptions are derived from substantial historical analysis. See Jeffrey Herf, Divided memory: the Nazi past in the two Germanies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997); Andrei S. Markovits and Simon Reich, The German predicament: memory and power in the new Europe (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997); and Thomas Banchoff, 'German policy towards the European Union: the effects of historical memory,' German Politics 6: 1, 1997; Eva Kolinsky, 'Remembering Auschwitz: a survey of recent textbooks for the teaching of history in German schools', Yad Vashem Studies, vol. 22, 1992 pp. 288-9.
    • (1997) Divided Memory: The Nazi Past in the Two Germanies
    • Herf, J.1
  • 14
    • 0003994163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press
    • These assumptions are derived from substantial historical analysis. See Jeffrey Herf, Divided memory: the Nazi past in the two Germanies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997); Andrei S. Markovits and Simon Reich, The German predicament: memory and power in the new Europe (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997); and Thomas Banchoff, 'German policy towards the European Union: the effects of historical memory,' German Politics 6: 1, 1997; Eva Kolinsky, 'Remembering Auschwitz: a survey of recent textbooks for the teaching of history in German schools', Yad Vashem Studies, vol. 22, 1992 pp. 288-9.
    • (1997) The German Predicament: Memory and Power in the New Europe
    • Markovits, A.S.1    Reich, S.2
  • 15
    • 84937260309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • German policy towards the European Union: The effects of historical memory
    • These assumptions are derived from substantial historical analysis. See Jeffrey Herf, Divided memory: the Nazi past in the two Germanies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997); Andrei S. Markovits and Simon Reich, The German predicament: memory and power in the new Europe (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997); and Thomas Banchoff, 'German policy towards the European Union: the effects of historical memory,' German Politics 6: 1, 1997; Eva Kolinsky, 'Remembering Auschwitz: a survey of recent textbooks for the teaching of history in German schools', Yad Vashem Studies, vol. 22, 1992 pp. 288-9.
    • (1997) German Politics , vol.6 , pp. 1
    • Banchoff, T.1
  • 16
    • 0039340490 scopus 로고
    • Remembering Auschwitz: A survey of recent textbooks for the teaching of history in German schools
    • These assumptions are derived from substantial historical analysis. See Jeffrey Herf, Divided memory: the Nazi past in the two Germanies (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997); Andrei S. Markovits and Simon Reich, The German predicament: memory and power in the new Europe (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997); and Thomas Banchoff, 'German policy towards the European Union: the effects of historical memory,' German Politics 6: 1, 1997; Eva Kolinsky, 'Remembering Auschwitz: a survey of recent textbooks for the teaching of history in German schools', Yad Vashem Studies, vol. 22, 1992 pp. 288-9.
    • (1992) Yad Vashem Studies , vol.22 , pp. 288-289
    • Kolinsky, E.1
  • 17
    • 0041119600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of apology in conflict resolution: The Israeli-Palestinian case
    • Lund University, Sweden, 19-21 Sept.
    • The apology approach is a variant of the 'forgiveness school'. See e.g. Raymond Cohen, 'The role of apology in conflict resolution: the Israeli-Palestinian case', paper presented to the international conference on 'The Peace Process and Future Visions of the Middle East', Lund University, Sweden, 19-21 Sept. 1997.
    • (1997) International Conference on 'the Peace Process and Future Visions of the Middle East'
    • Cohen, R.1
  • 18
    • 84994293287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norms, culture, and world politics: Insights from sociology's institutionalism
    • Spring
    • Recent literature on institutions usefully reminds us of the importance of ideas, values and norms, but neglects both the goals of peace and reconciliation and bilateral arrangements. Particularly stimulating is Martha Finnemore, 'Norms, culture, and world politics: insights from sociology's institutionalism', International Organization 50: 2, Spring 1996. See also Paul J. DiMaggio and Walter W. Powell, eds, The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
    • (1996) International Organization , vol.50 , pp. 2
    • Finnemore, M.1
  • 19
    • 0003503610 scopus 로고
    • Chicago: University of Chicago Press
    • Recent literature on institutions usefully reminds us of the importance of ideas, values and norms, but neglects both the goals of peace and reconciliation and bilateral arrangements. Particularly stimulating is Martha Finnemore, 'Norms, culture, and world politics: insights from sociology's institutionalism', International Organization 50: 2, Spring 1996. See also Paul J. DiMaggio and Walter W. Powell, eds, The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
    • (1991) The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis
    • DiMaggio, P.J.1    Powell, W.W.2
  • 20
    • 4243836855 scopus 로고
    • Washington DC: US Institute of Peace
    • In its structural and temporally limited emphasis, the literature on international legal solutions is a variant of the rapprochement school, even though it shares with the forgiveness school a commitment to justice. See Neil J. Kritz, ed., Transitional Justice: how emerging democracies reckon with former enemies, vols 1 and 2 (Washington DC: US Institute of Peace, 1995).
    • (1995) Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Enemies , vol.1-2
    • Kritz, N.J.1
  • 22
    • 0003792806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boston: Little, Brown
    • For references to reconciliation in the Franco-German case, see Willy Brandt, People and politics: the years 1960-1975 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978), p. 120; Chancellor Kohl's statement in Aspen Institute Berlin, 'Franco-German relations and the future of Europe', Report from Aspen Institute Berlin, no. 8/88; address by Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, to the Foreign Relations Committee of the French National Assembly, Paris, 19 Nov. 1991, Statements and Speeches, vol. 14, no. 12 (New York: German Information Centre), p. 1. On German-Jewish and German-Israeli reconciliation see Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, Remembrance, sorrow and reconciliation: speeches and declarations in connection with the 40th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe (Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1985); Otto R. Romberg and Georg Schwinghammer, eds, Twenty years of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel (Frankfurt am Main:Tribüne Books, 1985), pp. 8-9; Klaus Kinkel, at the opening of an exhibition, 'Thirty years of German-Israeli diplomatic relations', Bonn, 11 May 1995, Statements and Speeches, vol. 18, no. 11 (New York: German Information Centre), pp. 2-3. For the Polish case, see Brandt, People and politics, p. 181; the speeches by Chancellor Kohl and CDU/ CSU politicians in CDU/CSU Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag, 'Botschafter der Aussöhnung. Union würdigt im Bundestag Beitrag der deutschen Heimatvertriebenen zum Wiederaufbau in Deutschland und zum Frieden in Europa', Dokumente, Aug. 1995, pp. 13-14.
    • (1978) People and Politics: the Years 1960-1975 , pp. 120
    • Brandt, W.1
  • 23
    • 0039932671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chancellor Kohl's statement in Aspen Institute Berlin, Report from Aspen Institute Berlin, 88
    • For references to reconciliation in the Franco-German case, see Willy Brandt, People and politics: the years 1960-1975 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978), p. 120; Chancellor Kohl's statement in Aspen Institute Berlin, 'Franco-German relations and the future of Europe', Report from Aspen Institute Berlin, no. 8/88; address by Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, to the Foreign Relations Committee of the French National Assembly, Paris, 19 Nov. 1991, Statements and Speeches, vol. 14, no. 12 (New York: German Information Centre), p. 1. On German-Jewish and German-Israeli reconciliation see Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, Remembrance, sorrow and reconciliation: speeches and declarations in connection with the 40th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe (Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1985); Otto R. Romberg and Georg Schwinghammer, eds, Twenty years of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel (Frankfurt am Main:Tribüne Books, 1985), pp. 8-9; Klaus Kinkel, at the opening of an exhibition, 'Thirty years of German-Israeli diplomatic relations', Bonn, 11 May 1995, Statements and Speeches, vol. 18, no. 11 (New York: German Information Centre), pp. 2-3. For the Polish case, see Brandt, People and politics, p. 181; the speeches by Chancellor Kohl and CDU/ CSU politicians in CDU/CSU Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag, 'Botschafter der Aussöhnung. Union würdigt im Bundestag Beitrag der deutschen Heimatvertriebenen zum Wiederaufbau in Deutschland und zum Frieden in Europa', Dokumente, Aug. 1995, pp. 13-14.
    • Franco-German Relations and the Future of Europe , Issue.8
  • 24
    • 0041119595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • address by Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, to the Foreign Relations Committee of the French National Assembly, Paris, 19 Nov. 1991, New York: German Information Centre
    • For references to reconciliation in the Franco-German case, see Willy Brandt, People and politics: the years 1960-1975 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978), p. 120; Chancellor Kohl's statement in Aspen Institute Berlin, 'Franco-German relations and the future of Europe', Report from Aspen Institute Berlin, no. 8/88; address by Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, to the Foreign Relations Committee of the French National Assembly, Paris, 19 Nov. 1991, Statements and Speeches, vol. 14, no. 12 (New York: German Information Centre), p. 1. On German-Jewish and German-Israeli reconciliation see Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, Remembrance, sorrow and reconciliation: speeches and declarations in connection with the 40th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe (Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1985); Otto R. Romberg and Georg Schwinghammer, eds, Twenty years of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel (Frankfurt am Main:Tribüne Books, 1985), pp. 8-9; Klaus Kinkel, at the opening of an exhibition, 'Thirty years of German-Israeli diplomatic relations', Bonn, 11 May 1995, Statements and Speeches, vol. 18, no. 11 (New York: German Information Centre), pp. 2-3. For the Polish case, see Brandt, People and politics, p. 181; the speeches by Chancellor Kohl and CDU/ CSU politicians in CDU/CSU Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag, 'Botschafter der Aussöhnung. Union würdigt im Bundestag Beitrag der deutschen Heimatvertriebenen zum Wiederaufbau in Deutschland und zum Frieden in Europa', Dokumente, Aug. 1995, pp. 13-14.
    • Statements and Speeches , vol.14 , Issue.12 , pp. 1
  • 25
    • 0040525481 scopus 로고
    • Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany
    • For references to reconciliation in the Franco-German case, see Willy Brandt, People and politics: the years 1960-1975 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978), p. 120; Chancellor Kohl's statement in Aspen Institute Berlin, 'Franco-German relations and the future of Europe', Report from Aspen Institute Berlin, no. 8/88; address by Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, to the Foreign Relations Committee of the French National Assembly, Paris, 19 Nov. 1991, Statements and Speeches, vol. 14, no. 12 (New York: German Information Centre), p. 1. On German-Jewish and German-Israeli reconciliation see Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, Remembrance, sorrow and reconciliation: speeches and declarations in connection with the 40th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe (Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1985); Otto R. Romberg and Georg Schwinghammer, eds, Twenty years of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel (Frankfurt am Main:Tribüne Books, 1985), pp. 8-9; Klaus Kinkel, at the opening of an exhibition, 'Thirty years of German-Israeli diplomatic relations', Bonn, 11 May 1995, Statements and Speeches, vol. 18, no. 11 (New York: German Information Centre), pp. 2-3. For the Polish case, see Brandt, People and politics, p. 181; the speeches by Chancellor Kohl and CDU/ CSU politicians in CDU/CSU Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag, 'Botschafter der Aussöhnung. Union würdigt im Bundestag Beitrag der deutschen Heimatvertriebenen zum Wiederaufbau in Deutschland und zum Frieden in Europa', Dokumente, Aug. 1995, pp. 13-14.
    • (1985) Remembrance, Sorrow and Reconciliation: Speeches and Declarations in Connection with the 40th Anniversary of the End of the Second World War in Europe
  • 26
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    • Frankfurt am Main:Tribüne Books
    • For references to reconciliation in the Franco-German case, see Willy Brandt, People and politics: the years 1960-1975 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978), p. 120; Chancellor Kohl's statement in Aspen Institute Berlin, 'Franco-German relations and the future of Europe', Report from Aspen Institute Berlin, no. 8/88; address by Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, to the Foreign Relations Committee of the French National Assembly, Paris, 19 Nov. 1991, Statements and Speeches, vol. 14, no. 12 (New York: German Information Centre), p. 1. On German-Jewish and German-Israeli reconciliation see Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, Remembrance, sorrow and reconciliation: speeches and declarations in connection with the 40th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe (Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1985); Otto R. Romberg and Georg Schwinghammer, eds, Twenty years of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel (Frankfurt am Main:Tribüne Books, 1985), pp. 8-9; Klaus Kinkel, at the opening of an exhibition, 'Thirty years of German-Israeli diplomatic relations', Bonn, 11 May 1995, Statements and Speeches, vol. 18, no. 11 (New York: German Information Centre), pp. 2-3. For the Polish case, see Brandt, People and politics, p. 181; the speeches by Chancellor Kohl and CDU/ CSU politicians in CDU/CSU Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag, 'Botschafter der Aussöhnung. Union würdigt im Bundestag Beitrag der deutschen Heimatvertriebenen zum Wiederaufbau in Deutschland und zum Frieden in Europa', Dokumente, Aug. 1995, pp. 13-14.
    • (1985) Twenty Years of Diplomatic Relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel , pp. 8-9
    • Romberg, O.R.1    Schwinghammer, G.2
  • 27
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    • Thirty years of german-Israeli diplomatic relations
    • Bonn, 11 May (New York: German Information Centre)
    • For references to reconciliation in the Franco-German case, see Willy Brandt, People and politics: the years 1960-1975 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978), p. 120; Chancellor Kohl's statement in Aspen Institute Berlin, 'Franco-German relations and the future of Europe', Report from Aspen Institute Berlin, no. 8/88; address by Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, to the Foreign Relations Committee of the French National Assembly, Paris, 19 Nov. 1991, Statements and Speeches, vol. 14, no. 12 (New York: German Information Centre), p. 1. On German-Jewish and German-Israeli reconciliation see Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, Remembrance, sorrow and reconciliation: speeches and declarations in connection with the 40th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe (Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1985); Otto R. Romberg and Georg Schwinghammer, eds, Twenty years of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel (Frankfurt am Main:Tribüne Books, 1985), pp. 8-9; Klaus Kinkel, at the opening of an exhibition, 'Thirty years of German-Israeli diplomatic relations', Bonn, 11 May 1995, Statements and Speeches, vol. 18, no. 11 (New York: German Information Centre), pp. 2-3. For the Polish case, see Brandt, People and politics, p. 181; the speeches by Chancellor Kohl and CDU/ CSU politicians in CDU/CSU Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag, 'Botschafter der Aussöhnung. Union würdigt im Bundestag Beitrag der deutschen Heimatvertriebenen zum Wiederaufbau in Deutschland und zum Frieden in Europa', Dokumente, Aug. 1995, pp. 13-14.
    • (1995) Statements and Speeches , vol.18 , Issue.11 , pp. 2-3
    • Kinkel, K.1
  • 28
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    • For references to reconciliation in the Franco-German case, see Willy Brandt, People and politics: the years 1960-1975 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978), p. 120; Chancellor Kohl's statement in Aspen Institute Berlin, 'Franco-German relations and the future of Europe', Report from Aspen Institute Berlin, no. 8/88; address by Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, to the Foreign Relations Committee of the French National Assembly, Paris, 19 Nov. 1991, Statements and Speeches, vol. 14, no. 12 (New York: German Information Centre), p. 1. On German-Jewish and German-Israeli reconciliation see Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, Remembrance, sorrow and reconciliation: speeches and declarations in connection with the 40th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe (Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1985); Otto R. Romberg and Georg Schwinghammer, eds, Twenty years of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel (Frankfurt am Main:Tribüne Books, 1985), pp. 8-9; Klaus Kinkel, at the opening of an exhibition, 'Thirty years of German-Israeli diplomatic relations', Bonn, 11 May 1995, Statements and Speeches, vol. 18, no. 11 (New York: German Information Centre), pp. 2-3. For the Polish case, see Brandt, People and politics, p. 181; the speeches by Chancellor Kohl and CDU/ CSU politicians in CDU/CSU Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag, 'Botschafter der Aussöhnung. Union würdigt im Bundestag Beitrag der deutschen Heimatvertriebenen zum Wiederaufbau in Deutschland und zum Frieden in Europa', Dokumente, Aug. 1995, pp. 13-14.
    • People and Politics , pp. 181
    • Brandt1
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    • Botschafter der aussöhnung. Union würdigt im bundestag beitrag der deutschen heimatvertriebenen zum wiederaufbau in deutschland und zum frieden in Europa
    • Chancellor Kohl and CDU/ CSU politicians in CDU/CSU Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag, Aug.
    • For references to reconciliation in the Franco-German case, see Willy Brandt, People and politics: the years 1960-1975 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978), p. 120; Chancellor Kohl's statement in Aspen Institute Berlin, 'Franco-German relations and the future of Europe', Report from Aspen Institute Berlin, no. 8/88; address by Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Federal Republic of Germany, to the Foreign Relations Committee of the French National Assembly, Paris, 19 Nov. 1991, Statements and Speeches, vol. 14, no. 12 (New York: German Information Centre), p. 1. On German-Jewish and German-Israeli reconciliation see Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, Remembrance, sorrow and reconciliation: speeches and declarations in connection with the 40th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in Europe (Bonn: Press and Information Office of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1985); Otto R. Romberg and Georg Schwinghammer, eds, Twenty years of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel (Frankfurt am Main:Tribüne Books, 1985), pp. 8-9; Klaus Kinkel, at the opening of an exhibition, 'Thirty years of German-Israeli diplomatic relations', Bonn, 11 May 1995, Statements and Speeches, vol. 18, no. 11 (New York: German Information Centre), pp. 2-3. For the Polish case, see Brandt, People and politics, p. 181; the speeches by Chancellor Kohl and CDU/ CSU politicians in CDU/CSU Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag, 'Botschafter der Aussöhnung. Union würdigt im Bundestag Beitrag der deutschen Heimatvertriebenen zum Wiederaufbau in Deutschland und zum Frieden in Europa', Dokumente, Aug. 1995, pp. 13-14.
    • (1995) Dokumente , pp. 13-14
  • 30
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    • President Herzog's speech at a September 1996 German-Czech youth meeting in Policka Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, 16 Sept.
    • Regarding the Czech Republic, see President Herzog's speech at a September 1996 German-Czech youth meeting in Policka in Bulletin, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, no. 72, 16 Sept. 1996, pp. 776-7, and his 29 April 1997 speech in Prague in Bulletin, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, no. 35, 7 May 1997, p. 371;
    • (1996) Bulletin , Issue.72 , pp. 776-777
  • 31
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    • 29 April 1997 speech in Prague Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, 7 May
    • Regarding the Czech Republic, see President Herzog's speech at a September 1996 German-Czech youth meeting in Policka in Bulletin, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, no. 72, 16 Sept. 1996, pp. 776-7, and his 29 April 1997 speech in Prague in Bulletin, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, no. 35, 7 May 1997, p. 371;
    • (1997) Bulletin , Issue.35 , pp. 371
  • 32
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    • office of GünterVerheugen, dated 3 Feb.
    • GünterVerheugen's article for a Czech newspaper (Beitrag für die Prager Zeitung), office of GünterVerheugen, dated 3 Feb. 1997;
    • (1997) Beitrag für die Prager Zeitung
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    • Ende der zweideutigkeiten. Offene antworten auf offene fragen im tschechisch-deutsche verhältnis
    • Praha: Univerzita Karlova
    • Antje Vollmer, 'Ende der Zweideutigkeiten. Offene Antworten auf offene Fragen im tschechisch-deutsche Verhältnis', in Gespräche mit dem Nachbarn. Tschechish-deutsche, Redenreihe 1995 im Prager Karolinum (Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 1997), p. 160.
    • (1997) Gespräche mit dem Nachbarn. Tschechish-deutsche, Redenreihe 1995 im Prager Karolinum , pp. 160
    • Vollmer, A.1
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    • Das transatlantische netzwerk ausbauen und verstärken
    • speech by the Federal Chancellor to the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, Chicago, 19 June 1997, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, 30 July
    • 'Das transatlantische Netzwerk ausbauen und verstärken', speech by the Federal Chancellor to the Chicago Council on Foreign Relations, Chicago, 19 June 1997, Bulletin, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, no. 63, 30 July 1997, p. 751.
    • (1997) Bulletin , Issue.63 , pp. 751
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    • 16 April
    • Die Welt, 16 April 1998.
    • (1998) Die Welt
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    • Introduction. Quelques réflexions sur les protestantismes allemand et français et leurs relations
    • Daniela Heimerl, 'Les églises évangéliques et le rapprochement franco-allemand dans l'après-guerre: le conseil fraternel franco-allemand' Oct.-Dec.
    • On relations between French and German Protestants, see Frédéric Hartweg, 'Introduction. Quelques réflexions sur les protestantismes allemand et français et leurs relations', and Daniela Heimerl, 'Les églises évangéliques et le rapprochement franco-allemand dans l'après-guerre: le conseil fraternel franco-allemand'. Revue d'Allemagne 21: 4, Oct.-Dec. 1989; and M. Greschat and F. Hartweg, 'Protestantisme et réconciliation franco-allemande', Documents, 1988, no. 1.
    • (1989) Revue d'Allemagne , vol.21 , pp. 4
    • Hartweg, F.1
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    • On relations between French and German Protestants, see Frédéric Hartweg, 'Introduction. Quelques réflexions sur les protestantismes allemand et français et leurs relations', and Daniela Heimerl, 'Les églises évangéliques et le rapprochement franco-allemand dans l'après-guerre: le conseil fraternel franco-allemand'. Revue d'Allemagne 21: 4, Oct.-Dec. 1989; and M. Greschat and F. Hartweg, 'Protestantisme et réconciliation franco-allemande', Documents, 1988, no. 1.
    • (1988) Documents , Issue.1
    • Greschat, M.1    Hartweg, F.2
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    • 6 Juin 1944. 50 Jahre danach. Über 30 jahre aktion sühnezeichen friedensdienste in frankreich
    • Aktion Sühnezeichen Friedensdienste e.V., Sept.
    • Aktion Sühnezeichen Friedensdienste e.V., '6 Juin 1944. 50 Jahre danach. Über 30 Jahre Aktion Sühnezeichen Friedensdienste in Frankreich', Zeichen, no. 2, Sept. 1994.
    • (1994) Zeichen , Issue.2
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    • Reconciliation as a peace-building process in postwar europe: The Franco-German case
    • July
    • On the origins of relations, see Alice Ackermann, 'Reconciliation as a peace-building process in postwar Europe: the Franco-German case', Peace and Change 19: 3, July 1994; Joseph Rovan, 'France-Allemagne, 1948-1998', in Jacques Delors, France-Allemagne: le bond en avant (Paris: Odile Jacob, 1998).
    • (1994) Peace and Change , vol.19 , pp. 3
    • Ackermann, A.1
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    • France-Allemagne, 1948-1998
    • Paris: Odile Jacob
    • On the origins of relations, see Alice Ackermann, 'Reconciliation as a peace-building process in postwar Europe: the Franco-German case', Peace and Change 19: 3, July 1994; Joseph Rovan, 'France-Allemagne, 1948-1998', in Jacques Delors, France-Allemagne: le bond en avant (Paris: Odile Jacob, 1998).
    • (1998) Jacques Delors, France-allemagne: Le Bond en Avant
    • Rovan, J.1
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    • Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Bücherei, chs 13, 14 and 17.
    • See the first volume of Konrad Adenauer's memoirs, Erinnerungen 1945-1953 (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Bücherei, 1967), chs 13, 14 and 17.
    • (1967) Erinnerungen 1945-1953 , vol.FIRST VOLUME
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    • Foreword
    • London: Blandford
    • On the centrality of reconciliation for Schuman, see his 'Foreword' in Frank Buchman, Remaking the world (London: Blandford, 1961), pp. 346-7.
    • (1961) Remaking the World , pp. 346-347
    • Buchman, F.1
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    • The treatment of the holocaust in west German textbooks
    • Livia Rothkirchen, ed., Jerusalem: Yad Vashem
    • See e.g. Eva Kolinsky and Martin Kolinsky, 'The treatment of the Holocaust in West German textbooks', in Livia Rothkirchen, ed., Yad Vashem studies on the European Jewish catastrophe and resistance (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1974); Walter Renn, 'Federal Republic of Germany: Germans, Jews, and genocide', in Randolph L. Braham, ed., The treatment of the Holocaust in textbooks: the Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, the United States (New York: Columbia University Press, 1987).
    • (1974) Yad Vashem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance
    • Kolinsky, E.1    Kolinsky, M.2
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    • Federal Republic of Germany: Germans, Jews, and genocide
    • Randolph L. Braham, ed., New York: Columbia University Press
    • See e.g. Eva Kolinsky and Martin Kolinsky, 'The treatment of the Holocaust in West German textbooks', in Livia Rothkirchen, ed., Yad Vashem studies on the European Jewish catastrophe and resistance (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1974); Walter Renn, 'Federal Republic of Germany: Germans, Jews, and genocide', in Randolph L. Braham, ed., The treatment of the Holocaust in textbooks: the Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, the United States (New York: Columbia University Press, 1987).
    • (1987) The Treatment of the Holocaust in Textbooks: The Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, the United States
    • Renn, W.1
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    • Von der erbfeindschaft zur historischen freundschaft. Zum zustand der deutsch-französischen beziehungen
    • Feb.
    • Exceptions are noted in Jürg Altwegg, 'Von der Erbfeindschaft zur historischen Freundschaft. Zum Zustand der deutsch-französischen Beziehungen', Dokumente 52: 1, Feb. 1996.
    • (1996) Dokumente , vol.52 , pp. 1
    • Altwegg, J.1
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    • Shimon Peres' speech of 25 Jan. 1996 in Munich, New York: German Information Centre
    • See Shimon Peres' speech of 25 Jan. 1996 in Munich, in Statements and Speeches, vol. 19, no. 2 (New York: German Information Centre).
    • Statements and Speeches , vol.19 , Issue.2
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    • Gerlingen: Bleicher
    • See Shmuel Bahagon, ed., Recht und Wahrheit bringen Frieden (Gerlingen: Bleicher, 1994); Ralph Giordano, ed., Deutschland und Israel: Solidarität in der Bewährung (Gerlingen: Bleicher, 1992); Otto R. Romberg and Heiner Lichtenstein, eds, Thirty years of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel (Frankfurt am Main: Tribüne Books, 1995).
    • (1994) Recht und Wahrheit Bringen Frieden
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    • Gerlingen: Bleicher
    • See Shmuel Bahagon, ed., Recht und Wahrheit bringen Frieden (Gerlingen: Bleicher, 1994); Ralph Giordano, ed., Deutschland und Israel: Solidarität in der Bewährung (Gerlingen: Bleicher, 1992); Otto R. Romberg and Heiner Lichtenstein, eds, Thirty years of diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and Israel (Frankfurt am Main: Tribüne Books, 1995).
    • (1992) Deutschland und Israel: Solidarität in der Bewährung
    • Giordano, R.1
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    • Sekretariat der Ständigen Konferenz des Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn
    • For an overview, see Sekretariat der Ständigen Konferenz des Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Wissenschaftsbeziehungen zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und dem Staat Israel (Bonn, 1995).
    • (1995) Wissenschaftsbeziehungen Zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und dem Staat Israel
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    • Building trust: The Goethe Institutes in Israel
    • Romberg and Lichtenstein, eds
    • On cultural relations, see Hilmar Hoffman, 'Building trust: the Goethe Institutes in Israel', in Romberg and Lichtenstein, eds, Thirty years of diplomatic relations; Lily Eylon, 'Ein Weg zum gegenseitigen Verständnis. Kulturelle Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Israel', in Giordano, ed., Deutschland und Israel; Efrat Gal-Ed and Christoph Meckel, eds, Der Vogel fährt empor als kleiner Rauch (Göttingen: Steidl Verlag, 1995).
    • Thirty Years of Diplomatic Relations
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    • Ein weg zum gegenseitigen verständnis. Kulturelle beziehungen zwischen deutschland und israel
    • Giordano, ed.
    • On cultural relations, see Hilmar Hoffman, 'Building trust: the Goethe Institutes in Israel', in Romberg and Lichtenstein, eds, Thirty years of diplomatic relations; Lily Eylon, 'Ein Weg zum gegenseitigen Verständnis. Kulturelle Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Israel', in Giordano, ed., Deutschland und Israel; Efrat Gal-Ed and Christoph Meckel, eds, Der Vogel fährt empor als kleiner Rauch (Göttingen: Steidl Verlag, 1995).
    • Deutschland und Israel
    • Eylon, L.1
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    • Göttingen: Steidl Verlag
    • On cultural relations, see Hilmar Hoffman, 'Building trust: the Goethe Institutes in Israel', in Romberg and Lichtenstein, eds, Thirty years of diplomatic relations; Lily Eylon, 'Ein Weg zum gegenseitigen Verständnis. Kulturelle Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Israel', in Giordano, ed., Deutschland und Israel; Efrat Gal-Ed and Christoph Meckel, eds, Der Vogel fährt empor als kleiner Rauch (Göttingen: Steidl Verlag, 1995).
    • (1995) Der Vogel Fährt Empor als Kleiner Rauch
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    • visited on 13 Feb.
    • The text of the ambassador's speech is available at: 〈http://www.info-france-usa.org/news/statmnts/ germany/frstat.html〉 (visited on 13 Feb. 1998), p. 2.
    • (1998) , pp. 2
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    • Vingt-cinq ans de coopération franco-allemande
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    • 'Vingt-cinq ans de coopération franco-allemande', Regards sur l'actualité, no. 139, March 1988;
    • (1988) Regards sur l'Actualité , Issue.139
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    • Chronologie. Quarante ans de rapport franco-allemands
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    • (1985) Documents , Issue.4
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    • Von der erbfeindschaft zur historischen freundschaft. Zum stand der deutsch-französischen beziehungen
    • Feb.
    • Jürg Altwegg, 'Von der Erbfeindschaft zur historischen Freundschaft. Zum Stand der deutsch-französischen Beziehungen', Dokumente 52: 1, Feb. 1996;
    • (1996) Dokumente , vol.52 , pp. 1
    • Altwegg, J.1
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    • Ökologie und demokratie. Zum deutsch-französischen ökologiediskurs
    • June
    • Christoph Stein, 'Ökologie und Demokratie. Zum deutsch-französischen Ökologiediskurs', Dokumente 51: 3, June 1995;
    • (1995) Dokumente , vol.51 , pp. 3
    • Stein, C.1
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    • L'aménagement du rhin franco-allemand
    • March-April
    • Georges Ponsot, 'L'aménagement du Rhin franco-allemand', Revue de l'énergie, no. 410, March-April 1989.
    • (1989) Revue de l'Énergie , Issue.410
    • Ponsot, G.1
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    • Israelische reaktionen auf die entwicklung in deutschland
    • series 11
    • See Amnon Neustadt, 'Israelische Reaktionen auf die Entwicklung in Deutschland', Europa-Archiv, series 11, 1990. For French reactions see the special articles in Le Monde, 3, 4 Oct. 1990.
    • (1990) Europa-archiv
    • Neustadt, A.1
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    • 3, 4 Oct.
    • See Amnon Neustadt, 'Israelische Reaktionen auf die Entwicklung in Deutschland', Europa-Archiv, series 11, 1990. For French reactions see the special articles in Le Monde, 3, 4 Oct. 1990.
    • (1990) Le Monde
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    • Die folgen des holocaust für die israelische gesellschaft
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    • Moshe Zimmermann, 'Die Folgen des Holocaust für die israelische Gesellschaft', Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B 1-2/92, 3 Jan. 1992.
    • (1992) Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B , vol.1-2 , Issue.92
    • Zimmermann, M.1
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    • Vienna: Picus
    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1994) Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung
    • Streibel, R.1
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    • Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung
    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1995) Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa
    • Brandes, D.1
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    • Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb.
    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1995) Germany in Central Europe: Czech Perceptions
    • Handl, V.1
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    • Czechs and germans still at odds
    • 9 Feb.
    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1996) Transition , vol.2 , pp. 3
    • Kettle, S.1
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    • Die kunst des möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische deklaration lässt viele fragen offen
    • March
    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1997) Dokumentation
    • Welle, D.1
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    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1998) Transition , vol.5 , pp. 11
    • Palata, L.1
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    • summer
    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1998) WeltTrends , Issue.19
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    • Deutschland und tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame zukunft in Europa
    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1998) Eichholz Brief , vol.35 , pp. 4
  • 81
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    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • Polens Wende
    • Hajnicz1
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    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1993) Feinde Werden Freunde
    • Pflüger, F.1    Lipscher, W.2
  • 83
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    • Deutsche gesellschaft für auswärtige politik, 'VII. Deutsch-polnisches forum: Deutschland und polen im veränderten Europa
    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1993) Arbeitspapiere zur Internationalen Politik , vol.75
  • 84
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    • The Federal Republic and Poland: A difficult partnership in the heart of Europe
    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1990) Aussenpolitik , vol.41 , pp. 1
    • Teltschik, H.1
  • 85
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    • A historic reconciliation with Poland
    • 9 Feb.
    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb.
    • (1996) Transition , vol.2 , pp. 3
    • Pond, E.1
  • 86
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    • Helmut kohls polenpolitik
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    • On German-Czech relations, see Robert Streibel, ed., Flucht und Vertreibung. Zwischen Aufrechnung und Verdrängung (Vienna: Picus, 1994); Detlef Brandes et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche. Nachbarn in Europa (Niedersächsische Landeszentrale für politische Bildung, 1995); Vladimir Handl, 'Germany in central Europe: Czech perceptions' (Prague: Institute of International Relations, Feb. 1995); Steve Kettle, 'Czechs and Germans still at odds', Transition, 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Deutsche Welle, 'Die Kunst des Möglichen' - Deutsch-tschechische Deklaration lässt viele Fragen offen', Dokumentation, March 1997; Lubos Palata, 'Unsettled scores: the Sudeten issue continues to play a role in German-Czech relations', Transition 5; 11, Nov. 1998; 'Deutsche und Tschechen. Widersprüchliche Versöhnung', WeltTrends, no. 19, summer 1998; 'Deutschland und Tschechien. Für eine gemeinsame Zukunft in Europa', Eichholz Brief, 35: 4, 1998. On German-Polish relations, see Hajnicz, Polens Wende; Friedbert Pflüger and Winfried Lipscher, Feinde werden Freunde (Bonn: Bouvier, 1993); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik, 'VII. Deutsch-Polnisches Forum: Deutschland und Polen im veränderten Europa', Arbeitspapiere zur internationalen Politik, 75, 1993; Horst Teltschik, 'The Federal Republic and Poland: a difficult partnership in the heart of Europe', Aussenpolitik, 41: 1, 1990; Elizabeth Pond, 'A historic reconciliation with Poland', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996; Dieter Bingen, 'Helmut Kohls Polenpolitik', Die Politische Meinung, no. 349, Dec. 1998.
    • (1998) Die Politische Meinung , Issue.349
    • Bingen, D.1
  • 87
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    • Bilanz deutscher politik gegenüber polen 1949 bis 1997
    • 26 Dec.
    • Dieter Bingen, 'Bilanz deutscher Politik gegenüber Polen 1949 bis 1997', Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B53/97, 26 Dec. 1997, pp. 8-9.
    • (1997) Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte , vol.B53 , Issue.97 , pp. 8-9
    • Bingen, D.1
  • 88
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    • Helmut Kohl, address at a dinner given at the Palais des Ministerrates, Warsaw, 9 Nov. 1989, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, 16 Nov.
    • Helmut Kohl, address at a dinner given at the Palais des Ministerrates, Warsaw, 9 Nov. 1989, Bulletin, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, no. 128, 16 Nov. 1989, pp. 1085-8.
    • (1989) Bulletin , Issue.128 , pp. 1085-1088
  • 89
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    • Versöhnung und verständigung, vertrauen und gute nachbarschaft
    • address by the Federal Chancellor in Warsaw, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, 3 Aug.
    • Roman Herzog, 'Versöhnung und Verständigung, Vertrauen und gute Nachbarschaft', address by the Federal Chancellor in Warsaw, Bulletin, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, no. 72, 3 Aug. 1994, p. 677; for the Prague speech, see Bulletin, no. 35, 7 May 1997, p. 371.
    • (1994) Bulletin , Issue.72 , pp. 677
    • Herzog, R.1
  • 90
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    • 7 May
    • Roman Herzog, 'Versöhnung und Verständigung, Vertrauen und gute Nachbarschaft', address by the Federal Chancellor in Warsaw, Bulletin, Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, no. 72, 3 Aug. 1994, p. 677; for the Prague speech, see Bulletin, no. 35, 7 May 1997, p. 371.
    • (1997) Bulletin , Issue.35 , pp. 371
  • 91
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    • See the speeches by President Havel, Charles University Prague, 17 Feb. 1995, and Foreign Minister Bartoszewski, Bundestag, 28 April 1995, reprinted 'Botschafter der Aussöhnung'
    • See the speeches by President Havel, Charles University Prague, 17 Feb. 1995, and Foreign Minister Bartoszewski, Bundestag, 28 April 1995, reprinted in 'Botschafter der Aussöhnung'.
  • 92
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    • Cologne: Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik
    • For the texts of these initiatives, see Hans-Adolf Jacobsen and Mieczyslaw Tomala, Bonn-Warschau, 1945-1991 (Cologne: Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, 1992).
    • (1992) Bonn-Warschau, 1945-1991
    • Jacobsen, H.-A.1    Tomala, M.2
  • 93
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    • Sekretariat der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz, Bonn, September
    • For the texts, see 'Worte der Versöhnung', Sekretariat der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz, Bonn, September 1990.
    • (1990) Worte der Versöhnung
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    • Stuttgart: Burg
    • On German-Polish contacts before 1989, see Waldemar Kuwaczka, Entspannung von Unten. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des deutsch-polnischen Dialogs (Stuttgart: Burg, 1988); Bingen, 'Bilanz deutscher Politik gegenüber Polen', p. 5; Wlodzimierz Borodziej, 'Polen und Deutschland seit 1945', Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B53/97, 26 Dec. 1997, pp. 14-15. For the Havel and Dienstbier positions before 1989, see Andreas Götze, 'Verständnisprobleme auf dem Weg zur Partnerschaft nach 1989', in Brandes, et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche, p. 89.
    • (1988) Entspannung von Unten. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Deutsch-polnischen Dialogs
    • Kuwaczka, W.1
  • 95
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    • On German-Polish contacts before 1989, see Waldemar Kuwaczka, Entspannung von Unten. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des deutsch-polnischen Dialogs (Stuttgart: Burg, 1988); Bingen, 'Bilanz deutscher Politik gegenüber Polen', p. 5; Wlodzimierz Borodziej, 'Polen und Deutschland seit 1945', Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B53/97, 26 Dec. 1997, pp. 14-15. For the Havel and Dienstbier positions before 1989, see Andreas Götze, 'Verständnisprobleme auf dem Weg zur Partnerschaft nach 1989', in Brandes, et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche, p. 89.
    • Bilanz Deutscher Politik Gegenüber Polen , pp. 5
    • Bingen1
  • 96
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    • Polen und deutschland seit 1945
    • 26 Dec.
    • On German-Polish contacts before 1989, see Waldemar Kuwaczka, Entspannung von Unten. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des deutsch-polnischen Dialogs (Stuttgart: Burg, 1988); Bingen, 'Bilanz deutscher Politik gegenüber Polen', p. 5; Wlodzimierz Borodziej, 'Polen und Deutschland seit 1945', Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B53/97, 26 Dec. 1997, pp. 14-15. For the Havel and Dienstbier positions before 1989, see Andreas Götze, 'Verständnisprobleme auf dem Weg zur Partnerschaft nach 1989', in Brandes, et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche, p. 89.
    • (1997) Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte , vol.B53 , Issue.97 , pp. 14-15
    • Borodziej, W.1
  • 97
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    • Verständnisprobleme auf dem weg zur partnerschaft nach 1989
    • Brandes, et al.
    • On German-Polish contacts before 1989, see Waldemar Kuwaczka, Entspannung von Unten. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des deutsch-polnischen Dialogs (Stuttgart: Burg, 1988); Bingen, 'Bilanz deutscher Politik gegenüber Polen', p. 5; Wlodzimierz Borodziej, 'Polen und Deutschland seit 1945', Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B53/97, 26 Dec. 1997, pp. 14-15. For the Havel and Dienstbier positions before 1989, see Andreas Götze, 'Verständnisprobleme auf dem Weg zur Partnerschaft nach 1989', in Brandes, et al., Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche, p. 89.
    • Tschechen, Slowaken und Deutsche , pp. 89
    • Götze, A.1
  • 98
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    • See Hajnicz, Polens Wende, pp. 185-9. On the issue of compensation to Jewish victims in Central Europe, see Andrew Baker, 'Unfinished business: compensation and restitution for Holocaust survivors', The American Jewish Committee, New York, 1997. On forced and slave labour, see Edmund L. Andrews and Barry Meier, 'Germans plan to avoid suits over Nazi-era labor', New York Times, international edn, 14 Dec. 1998. On the new fund, see Roger Cohen, 'Citing "campaign" against Germany, Chancellor announces fund for victims of Nazis', New York Times, 17 Feb. 1999.
    • Polens Wende , pp. 185-189
    • Hajnicz1
  • 99
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    • The American Jewish Committee, New York
    • See Hajnicz, Polens Wende, pp. 185-9. On the issue of compensation to Jewish victims in Central Europe, see Andrew Baker, 'Unfinished business: compensation and restitution for Holocaust survivors', The American Jewish Committee, New York, 1997. On forced and slave labour, see Edmund L. Andrews and Barry Meier, 'Germans plan to avoid suits over Nazi-era labor', New York Times, international edn, 14 Dec. 1998. On the new fund, see Roger Cohen, 'Citing "campaign" against Germany, Chancellor announces fund for victims of Nazis', New York Times, 17 Feb. 1999.
    • (1997) Unfinished Business: Compensation and Restitution for Holocaust Survivors
    • Baker, A.1
  • 100
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    • 14 Dec.
    • See Hajnicz, Polens Wende, pp. 185-9. On the issue of compensation to Jewish victims in Central Europe, see Andrew Baker, 'Unfinished business: compensation and restitution for Holocaust survivors', The American Jewish Committee, New York, 1997. On forced and slave labour, see Edmund L. Andrews and Barry Meier, 'Germans plan to avoid suits over Nazi-era labor', New York Times, international edn, 14 Dec. 1998. On the new fund, see Roger Cohen, 'Citing "campaign" against Germany, Chancellor announces fund for victims of Nazis', New York Times, 17 Feb. 1999.
    • (1998) New York Times, International Edn
    • Andrews, E.L.1    Meier, B.2
  • 101
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    • Citing "campaign" against Germany, chancellor announces fund for victims of Nazis
    • 17 Feb.
    • See Hajnicz, Polens Wende, pp. 185-9. On the issue of compensation to Jewish victims in Central Europe, see Andrew Baker, 'Unfinished business: compensation and restitution for Holocaust survivors', The American Jewish Committee, New York, 1997. On forced and slave labour, see Edmund L. Andrews and Barry Meier, 'Germans plan to avoid suits over Nazi-era labor', New York Times, international edn, 14 Dec. 1998. On the new fund, see Roger Cohen, 'Citing "campaign" against Germany, Chancellor announces fund for victims of Nazis', New York Times, 17 Feb. 1999.
    • (1999) New York Times
    • Cohen, R.1
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    • 1
    • See Roland Freudenstein, International Affairs 74: 1, 1998, p. 53; Hans-Werner Rautenberg, 'Die Wahrnehmung von Flucht und Vertreibung in der deutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte bis heute', Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B53/97, 26 Dec. 1997, p. 35.
    • (1998) International Affairs , vol.74 , pp. 53
    • Freudenstein, R.1
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    • Die wahrnehmung von flucht und vertreibung in der deutschen nachkriegsgeschichte bis heute
    • 26 Dec.
    • See Roland Freudenstein, International Affairs 74: 1, 1998, p. 53; Hans-Werner Rautenberg, 'Die Wahrnehmung von Flucht und Vertreibung in der deutschen Nachkriegsgeschichte bis heute', Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, B53/97, 26 Dec. 1997, p. 35.
    • (1997) Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte , vol.B53 , Issue.97 , pp. 35
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    • The Czech Republic in search of a home
    • June Foreign Policy Research Institute, Philadelphia
    • Vladimir Handl, 'The Czech Republic in search of a home', WIRE 3: 2, June 1995 (Foreign Policy Research Institute, Philadelphia);
    • (1995) WIRE , vol.3 , pp. 2
    • Handl, V.1
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    • Überlegungen zur osterweiterung der europäischen union, July 9, 1997
    • Bonn, 31 July
    • See Hans-Friedrich von Plötz, 'Überlegungen zur Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union, July 9, 1997', Bulletin, no. 64, Bonn, 31 July 1997; Klaus Kinkel, 'Vorbereitung der Europäischen Union auf die Osterweiterung, 28 August 1996', Bulletin, no. 68, Bonn, 3 Sept. 1966; Helmut Kohl, speech at a reception for the diplomatic corps, Bonn, 4 Dec. 1996, Statements and Speeches, vol. 19, no. 15 (New York: German Information Centre).
    • (1997) Bulletin , Issue.64
    • Von Plötz, H.-F.1
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    • Vorbereitung der europäischen union auf die osterweiterung, 28 August 1996
    • Bonn, 3 Sept.
    • See Hans-Friedrich von Plötz, 'Überlegungen zur Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union, July 9, 1997', Bulletin, no. 64, Bonn, 31 July 1997; Klaus Kinkel, 'Vorbereitung der Europäischen Union auf die Osterweiterung, 28 August 1996', Bulletin, no. 68, Bonn, 3 Sept. 1966; Helmut Kohl, speech at a reception for the diplomatic corps, Bonn, 4 Dec. 1996, Statements and Speeches, vol. 19, no. 15 (New York: German Information Centre).
    • (1966) Bulletin , Issue.68
    • Kinkel, K.1
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    • Helmut Kohl, speech at a reception for the diplomatic corps, Bonn, 4 Dec. 1996, New York: German Information Centre
    • See Hans-Friedrich von Plötz, 'Überlegungen zur Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union, July 9, 1997', Bulletin, no. 64, Bonn, 31 July 1997; Klaus Kinkel, 'Vorbereitung der Europäischen Union auf die Osterweiterung, 28 August 1996', Bulletin, no. 68, Bonn, 3 Sept. 1966; Helmut Kohl, speech at a reception for the diplomatic corps, Bonn, 4 Dec. 1996, Statements and Speeches, vol. 19, no. 15 (New York: German Information Centre).
    • Statements and Speeches , vol.19 , Issue.15
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  • 111
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    • Borodziej, 'Polen und Deutschland seit 1945', p. 17. For details of the German-Polish and German-Czech joint treatment of history, see the contributions of Vaclav Kural, Miroslav Kunstat and Wlodzimierz Borodziej to the conference 'Coming to terms with the past, opening up to the future' held at the Institute for German Studies, University of Birmingham, 11-13 Sept. 1998. For the products of the Polish-German effort, see the various publications of the Georg-Eckert-Institut für internationale Schulbuchforschung in Braunschweig. A list of publications from the Joint German-Czech and German-Slovak Commission of Historians is in one of their major works: Institute of International Relations, A conflictual community, catastrophe, detente: an outline of the portrayal of German-Czech history since the nineteenth century (Prague, 1996), pp. 43-4.
    • (1945) Polen und Deutschland Seit 1945 , pp. 17
    • Borodziej1
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    • held at the Institute for German Studies, University of Birmingham, 11-13 Sept.
    • Borodziej, 'Polen und Deutschland seit 1945', p. 17. For details of the German-Polish and German-Czech joint treatment of history, see the contributions of Vaclav Kural, Miroslav Kunstat and Wlodzimierz Borodziej to the conference 'Coming to terms with the past, opening up to the future' held at the Institute for German Studies, University of Birmingham, 11-13 Sept. 1998. For the products of the Polish-German effort, see the various publications of the Georg-Eckert-Institut für internationale Schulbuchforschung in Braunschweig. A list of publications from the Joint German-Czech and German-Slovak Commission of Historians is in one of their major works: Institute of International Relations, A conflictual community, catastrophe, detente: an outline of the portrayal of German-Czech history since the nineteenth century (Prague, 1996), pp. 43-4.
    • (1998) Coming to Terms with the Past, Opening Up to the Future
    • Kural, V.1    Kunstat, M.2    Borodziej, W.3
  • 113
    • 0039932601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prague
    • Borodziej, 'Polen und Deutschland seit 1945', p. 17. For details of the German-Polish and German-Czech joint treatment of history, see the contributions of Vaclav Kural, Miroslav Kunstat and Wlodzimierz Borodziej to the conference 'Coming to terms with the past, opening up to the future' held at the Institute for German Studies, University of Birmingham, 11-13 Sept. 1998. For the products of the Polish-German effort, see the various publications of the Georg-Eckert-Institut für internationale Schulbuchforschung in Braunschweig. A list of publications from the Joint German-Czech and German-Slovak Commission of Historians is in one of their major works: Institute of International Relations, A conflictual community, catastrophe, detente: an outline of the portrayal of German-Czech history since the nineteenth century (Prague, 1996), pp. 43-4.
    • (1996) A Conflictual Community, Catastrophe, Detente: An Outline of the Portrayal of German-Czech History since the Nineteenth Century , pp. 43-44
  • 114
    • 0039340412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centre for Strategic and International Studies, proceedings of conference held at Palais d'Egmont, Brussels, 21-2 Feb.
    • See e.g. the remarks of Polish Prime Minister Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, in Centre for Strategic and International Studies, 'America and Europe: a time for unity, a time for vision', proceedings of conference held at Palais d'Egmont, Brussels, 21-2 Feb. 1997, p. 11.
    • (1997) America and Europe: A Time for Unity, a Time for Vision , pp. 11
    • Cimoszewicz, W.1
  • 115
    • 0040525415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President Vaclav Havel is an exception, for example in his speech at Charles University in Prague on 17 Feb. 1995, where he referred to 'reconciliation' as well as 'good neighbourship'.
    • President Vaclav Havel is an exception, for example in his speech at Charles University in Prague on 17 Feb. 1995, where he referred to 'reconciliation' as well as 'good neighbourship'. For a more typical view, see then Prime Minister Klaus's response of 1 April 1995, in Lidove Noviny, to the German and Czech bishops' call for reconciliation.
  • 116
    • 0012845385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • response of 1 April 1995, to the German and Czech bishops' call for reconciliation
    • President Vaclav Havel is an exception, for example in his speech at Charles University in Prague on 17 Feb. 1995, where he referred to 'reconciliation' as well as 'good neighbourship'. For a more typical view, see then Prime Minister Klaus's response of 1 April 1995, in Lidove Noviny, to the German and Czech bishops' call for reconciliation.
    • Lidove Noviny
  • 118
    • 0041142510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In the new Europe, Poland is better as a partner than an enemy
    • 9 Feb.
    • See Ivan Gabal, 'Changing Czech attitudes towards Germany', and Jakub Karpinski, 'In the new Europe, Poland is better as a partner than an enemy', Transition 2: 3, 9 Feb. 1996.
    • (1996) Transition , vol.2 , pp. 3
    • Karpinski, J.1
  • 119
    • 0039932604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forgotten victims
    • On the 'forgotten victims', see Jiri Sitler, 'The forgotten victims', Transition 5: 11, 1998.
    • (1998) Transition , vol.5 , pp. 11
    • Sitler, J.1
  • 121
    • 0039932606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Götze, 'Verständnisprobleme auf dem Weg zur Partnerschaft', p. 90; Palata, 'Unsettled scores'.
    • Unsettled Scores
    • Palata1
  • 123
    • 0041119531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marbled diplomacy against a checkered past: Constructing bridges between Germany and Poland
    • Carl Lankowski and Michael Kreile, eds, New York: Berghahn, forthcoming
    • For details, see Patricia Davis, 'Marbled diplomacy against a checkered past: constructing bridges between Germany and Poland', in Carl Lankowski and Michael Kreile, eds, Germany in the shaping of the new Europe: architect, model, bridge (New York: Berghahn, forthcoming 1999); and Davis, 'The need for reconciliation and the desire for community', Periphery: Journal of Polish Affairs 3: 1-2, 1997.
    • (1999) Germany in the Shaping of the New Europe: Architect, Model, Bridge
    • Davis, P.1
  • 124
    • 0041119517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for reconciliation and the desire for community
    • For details, see Patricia Davis, 'Marbled diplomacy against a checkered past: constructing bridges between Germany and Poland', in Carl Lankowski and Michael Kreile, eds, Germany in the shaping of the new Europe: architect, model, bridge (New York: Berghahn, forthcoming 1999); and Davis, 'The need for reconciliation and the desire for community', Periphery: Journal of Polish Affairs 3: 1-2, 1997.
    • (1997) Periphery: Journal of Polish Affairs , vol.3 , pp. 1-2
    • Davis1
  • 125
    • 0039340405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die "aussenpolitik" der fachministerien
    • Wolf-Dieter Eberwein and Karl Kaiser, eds, Munich: Oldenbourg
    • Lisette Andreae and Karl Kaiser, 'Die "Aussenpolitik" der Fachministerien', in Wolf-Dieter Eberwein and Karl Kaiser, eds, Deutschlands neue Aussenpolitik, vol. 4: Institutionen und Ressourcen (Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998), p. 44.
    • (1998) Deutschlands Neue Aussenpolitik, Vol. 4: Institutionen und Ressourcen , vol.4 , pp. 44
    • Andreae, L.1    Kaiser, K.2


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