Profits R Us: Notes on the Commercialization of America's Schools

Phi Delta Kappan

Volumn 77, Issue NOV, 1996, Pages

  Kaplan, George R ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0003338726     PISSN: 00317217     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. See Alfie Kohn, "Save Our Schools ... from Business," School Administrator, October 1995, p. 36.
2. Reported in P. Michael Timpane and Laurie Miller McNeill, Business Impact on Education and Child Development Reform (New York: Committee for Economic Development, 1991), p. 11.
3. John K. Watson, "The Academy in Peril," In These Times, 18 September 1995, p. 40; and Lawrence C. Soley, Leasing the Ivory Tower (Boston: South End Press, 1995).
4. John K. Watson, "The Academy in Peril," In These Times, 18 September 1995, p. 40; and Lawrence C. Soley, Leasing the Ivory Tower (Boston: South End Press, 1995).
5. Milt Freudenheim, "A Doting Uncle Cuts Back, and a City Feels the Pinch," New York Times, 8 October 1995, Sect. 3, p. 1. My reference to Eastman is not meant to overlook the generosity of the Annenberg Foundation, whose $500 million contribution to school reform in the 1990s is being distributed across the country rather than in a single community, as was the case with Eastman's donations.
6. Jonathan Rowe, "This Smut's for You," Washington Monthly, June 1995, p. 53.
7. Michael F. Jacobson and Laurie Ann Mazur, Marketing Madness: A Survival Guide for a Consumer Society (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995), p. 3.
8. Ellen Wartella, "The Commercialization of Youth: Channel One in Context," Phi Delta Kappan, February 1995, p. 448.
9. Captive Kids: Commercial Pressures on Kids at School (Yonkers, N.Y.: Consumers Union Education Services, 1995); and Jacobson and Mazur, op. cit.
10. Captive Kids: Commercial Pressures on Kids at School (Yonkers, N.Y.: Consumers Union Education Services, 1995); and Jacobson and Mazur, op. cit.
11. James U. McNeal, "The Littlest Shoppers," American Demographics, February 1992, pp. 48-50.
12. David Shenk, "The Pedagogy of Pasta Sauce," Harper's Magazine, September 1995, pp. 52-53.
13. Captive Kids, p. 47.
14. With $11 million worth of advertising between January and July of 1995, Procter & Gamble was the principal sponsor of the sleazy television talk shows of Jenny Jones and Ricki Lake. See John Leo, "Putting the Money Where the Trash Is," Washington Times, 9 November 1995, p. A-17.
15. Howard Kurtz, "Weekly Reader Puffing for Tobacco?," Washington Post, 2 November 1995, p. C-1.
16. Jessica Portner, "Study Chides Weekly Reader's Tobacco Coverage," Education Week, 15 November 1995, p. 10.
17. John B. Goodman and Guy W. Laveman, "Does Privatization Serve the Public Interest?," Harvard Business Review, November/December 1991, p. 26.
18. Chester E. Finn, Jr., and Diane Ravitch, Education Reform, 1994-1995 (Indianapolis: Hudson Institute, 1995), p. 27.
19. Elliot Sclar, "Public Service Privatization: Ideology or Economics?," Dissent, Summer 1994, p. 330.
20. Milton Friedman, "School Change Begins with Free Enterprise," School Administrator, August 1995, p. 44.
21. Interview with Alex Molnar, 30 August 1995.
22. Education Week and the daily newspapers in New York City, Baltimore, Minneapolis, and Hartford have done a superior job of reporting on these developments and placing them in perspective. For a thorough and authoritative analysis of school privatization, see Craig E. Richards, Rima Shore, and Max B. Sawicky, Risky Business: Private Management of Public Schools (Washington, D.C.: Economic Policy Institute, 1996).
23. Jean Johnson et al., Assignment Incomplete: The Unfinished Business of Education (New York: Public Agenda, 1995), p. 15.
24. John Immerwahr et al., The Broken Contract: Connecticut Citizens Look at Public Education (New York: Public Agenda, 1994), p. 26. In this well-designed survey, Public Agenda polled community activists, educators, and the general public in an effort to gauge the sentiments of an informed audience.
25. Keith J. Kelly, "Whittle's Bridges Falling Down," Advertising Age, 18 July 1994, pp. 1, 8.
26. Early in his tour as secretary, Lamar Alexander proposed that Congress appropriate $1 million to each of the nation's 435 congressional districts and $2 million to each state (thereby taking care of any senators who might have felt slighted) to start up any kind of totally new school. The idea died a quick death.
27. Stephen Pearlstein, "Big Retailers Rewrite Rules of Competition," Washington Post, 13 November 1995, p. 1. The value of General Electric stock rose more than 41.2% in 1995.
28. In addition to the annual Bracey Reports in the Kappan and the analyses of numerous other researchers, see two recent examples: David C. Berliner and Bruce J. Biddle, The Manufactured Crisis: Myths, Fraud, and the Attack on America's Public Schools (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1995); and Mike Rose, Possible Lives: The Promise of Public Education in America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995). See also Stanley M. Elam, Lowell C. Rose, and Alec M. Gallup, "The 28th Annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools," Phi Delta Kappan, September 1996, pp. 41-59.
29. In addition to the annual Bracey Reports in the Kappan and the analyses of numerous other researchers, see two recent examples: David C. Berliner and Bruce J. Biddle, The Manufactured Crisis: Myths, Fraud, and the Attack on America's Public Schools (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1995); and Mike Rose, Possible Lives: The Promise of Public Education in America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995). See also Stanley M. Elam, Lowell C. Rose, and Alec M. Gallup, "The 28th Annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools," Phi Delta Kappan, September 1996, pp. 41-59.
30. In addition to the annual Bracey Reports in the Kappan and the analyses of numerous other researchers, see two recent examples: David C. Berliner and Bruce J. Biddle, The Manufactured Crisis: Myths, Fraud, and the Attack on America's Public Schools (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1995); and Mike Rose, Possible Lives: The Promise of Public Education in America (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995). See also Stanley M. Elam, Lowell C. Rose, and Alec M. Gallup, "The 28th Annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools," Phi Delta Kappan, September 1996, pp. 41-59.
31. Nicholas Lemann, "Grading the Public Schools," New York Times Book Review, 12 November 1995, p. 14.
32. Robert Sela, "The Private Management of Public Schools," Issues in Brief, National Association of State Boards of Education, September 1994, p. 6.
33. Mark Walsh, "Despite Election Win, EAI's Business Picture Far from Bright," Education Week, 15 November 1995, p. 14.
34. Alan Ehrenhalt, "No Conservatives Need Apply," New York Times, 19 November 1995, p. E-15.
35. Mary B. W. Tabor, "Investors Look to Education as Possibility for High Flier," New York Times, 29 May 1996, p. B-9.
36. Captive Kids, p. 34.
37. Ibid., pp. 34-35.
38. Michael J. Weiss, Latitudes and Attitudes: An Atlas of American Tastes, Trends, Politics, and Passions (Boston: Little, Brown, 1994), p. 7.
39. Jim Wallis, The Soul of Politics (New York: New Press/Orbit, 1994), p. 143.