New models for aid agencies seeking to improve housing for low-income groups: Sida's initiatives in Costa Rica, Chile and Nicaragua

Environment and Urbanization

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 213-229

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EID: 0003313420     PISSN: 09562478     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1630/095624797101287534     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. See, for instance, the examples of FONHAPO in Mexico and the Urban Community Development Office in Thailand. Both are summarized in UNCHS (Habitat) (1996), An Urbanizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements, 1996, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York. A more detailed description and evaluation of FONHAPO can be found in Ortiz, Enrique (1997), FONHAPO: The Experience of The National Fund for Low-income Housing in Mexico, HED Paper Series on Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas, UED, Londo n.
2. See, for instance, the examples of FONHAPO in Mexico and the Urban Community Development Office in Thailand. Both are summarized in UNCHS (Habitat) (1996), An Urbanizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements, 1996, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York. A more detailed description and evaluation of FONHAPO can be found in Ortiz, Enrique (1997), FONHAPO: The Experience of The National Fund for Low-income Housing in Mexico, HED Paper Series on Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas, UED, Londo n.
3. Mitlin, Diana, "Building with credit: housing finance for low-income households", Third World Planning Review Vol.19, No.1, February 1997.
4. The information in this section is drawn primarily from the evaluation report by Brolin, Lillemor Andersson and Mauricio Silva (1996), Programa de Vivienda Social de FUPROVI - Costa Rica; Una Evaluación, Sida, Stockholm, 25 pages plus annexes. The authors made a three-week visit to Costa Rica in February-March, 1996. It also draws on Sevilla, Manuel (1993), "New approaches for aid agencies; FUPROVI's community based shelter programme", Environment and Urbanization Vol. 5, No.1, pages 111-121.
5. The information in this section is drawn primarily from the evaluation report by Brolin, Lillemor Andersson and Mauricio Silva (1996), Programa de Vivienda Social de FUPROVI - Costa Rica; Una Evaluación, Sida, Stockholm, 25 pages plus annexes. The authors made a three-week visit to Costa Rica in February-March, 1996. It also draws on Sevilla, Manuel (1993), "New approaches for aid agencies; FUPROVI's community based shelter programme", Environment and Urbanization Vol. 5, No.1, pages 111-121.
6. In spite of being bilateral funds between SIDA and the Costa Rican government, both parts agreed that the funds should be channelled through an NGO.
7. Alvarez, J.L. (1996), FUPROVI: Impacto Socioeconomico del Programs de Autoconstrucción de Vivienda, January.
8. This was stated by the President of Construction Chamber.
9. This is based on the evaluation report of the Social Housing Project in Chile prepared by a team of researchers who took individual responsibility for specific aspects and shared the conclusions: E. Bjorklund (housing aspects); B. Krantz (gender aspects); A. Aldunate and E. Morales (social and institutional aspects); and C. Trucco (economic/ financial aspects). The report was based on fieldwork which took place from 6-26th of June, 1996. Sixteen settlements were visited in different regions and municipalities and, in each of them, two to three houses were examined and one to three interviews were held with beneficiaries. Key informants in each region (members of local and national government, NGOs and building companies) were interviewed. Other sources included existing documents from the project and direct observation in settlements where the Progressive Housing Programme was implemented. This section also draws on Rojas, Eduardo and Margarita Greene (1995), "Reaching the poor: lessons from the Chilean housing experience", Environment and Urbanization Vol.7, No.2, October, pages 31-49.
10. There were also institutional limitations and some difficulties for the NGOs taking part - see the original paper on which this is based for more details.
11. This section draws heavily on Vance, Irene and Jorge Vargas (1996), Local Development Programme (PRODEL) in Nicaragua; Final Report of External Evaluation, SIDA, Stockholm, 71 pages plus annexes; also Stein, Alfredo (1996), Decentralization and Urban Poverty Reduction in Nicaragua: The Experience of the Local Development Programme (PRODEL), HED Paper Series on Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas, IIED, London.
12. This section draws heavily on Vance, Irene and Jorge Vargas (1996), Local Development Programme (PRODEL) in Nicaragua; Final Report of External Evaluation, SIDA, Stockholm, 71 pages plus annexes; also Stein, Alfredo (1996), Decentralization and Urban Poverty Reduction in Nicaragua: The Experience of the Local Development Programme (PRODEL), HED Paper Series on Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas, IIED, London.
13. See reference 9, Vance and Vargas (1997), page 7.
14. Loans are indexed to the US dollar for monetary devaluation - as in all loans in Nicaragua.
15. See the evaluation reports noted in 3, 7 and 9 above.
16. WHO (1992), Our Planet, Our Health, Report of the World Commission on Health and the Environment, WHO, Geneva.
17. See reference 2; also Cabannes, Yves (1997), "From community development to housing finance; from mutiroês to housing finance in Fortaleza, Brazil", Environment and Urbanization, Vol.9, No.1, to 58; Bolnick, Joel (1996), "uTshani Buyakhuluma (the grass speaks); People's Dialogue and the South African Homeless People's Federation 1993-1996", Environment and Urbanization Vol.8, No.2, pages 153 to 170 ; Orangi Pilot Project (1995), "NGO profile - Orangi Pilot Project", Environment and Urbanization Vol.7, No.2, pages 227 to 236; and see reference 1, UNCHS (1996).
18. See reference 2; also Cabannes, Yves (1997), "From community development to housing finance; from mutiroês to housing finance in Fortaleza, Brazil", Environment and Urbanization, Vol.9, No.1, pages 31 to 58; Bolnick, Joel (1996), "uTshani Buyakhuluma (the grass speaks); People's Dialogue and the South African Homeless People's Federation 1993-1996", Environment and Urbanization Vol.8, No.2, pages 153 to 170 ; Orangi Pilot Project (1995), "NGO profile - Orangi Pilot Project", Environment and Urbanization Vol.7, No.2, pages 227 to 236; and see reference 1, UNCHS (1996).
19. See reference 2; also Cabannes, Yves (1997), "From community development to housing finance; from mutiroês to housing finance in Fortaleza, Brazil", Environment and Urbanization, Vol.9, No.1, pages 31 to 58; Bolnick, Joel (1996), "uTshani Buyakhuluma (the grass speaks); People's Dialogue and the South African Homeless People's Federation 1993-1996", Environment and Urbanization Vol.8, No.2, pages 153 to 170 ; Orangi Pilot Project (1995), "NGO profile - Orangi Pilot Project", Environment and Urbanization Vol.7, No.2, pages 227 to 236; and see reference 1, UNCHS (1996).