Russia's oil and gas interest group and its foreign policy agenda

Problems of Post-Communism

Volumn 43, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 38-48

  Khripunov, Igor ^a   Matthews, Mary M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0003268913     PISSN: 10758216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10758216.1996.11655677     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. For example, the military-industrial complex and the agro-industrial complex are continuously competing with each other for more credits and financial support from the federal budget. Both complexes share antagonism toward the oil and gas industry, blaming the latter's policy of raising the price of energy sources for their economically disastrous performance. Regional elites tend to team up with the rest of the three depending on the specific economic features of the individual regions.
2. Russia's energy and fuel complex basically includes the following three major components: oil, gas, and coal. The first two have so much in common - and are so different from the third in terms of economic clout as well as domestic and foreign policy interests - that they can be regarded as a distinct interest group. It does not mean, however, that the oil and gas sectors are quite identical in their perception and views. The two may have divergent attitudes toward a number of specific issues, such as organizational structures and relationships with the government, but this does not undermine their common agenda.
3. "World Oil Production," Petroleum Economist [London], 62, no. 2 (1995): 31; for more information on oil and gas production in Russia, see World Petroleum Industry Group, "Energy Map of the Former Soviet Union," third ed., Price Waterhouse; and Petroleum Economist [London], November 1994.
4. "World Oil Production," Petroleum Economist [London], 62, no. 2 (1995): 31; for more information on oil and gas production in Russia, see World Petroleum Industry Group, "Energy Map of the Former Soviet Union," third ed., Price Waterhouse; and Petroleum Economist [London], November 1994.
5. "World Oil Production," Petroleum Economist [London], 62, no. 2 (1995): 31; for more information on oil and gas production in Russia, see World Petroleum Industry Group, "Energy Map of the Former Soviet Union," third ed., Price Waterhouse; and Petroleum Economist [London], November 1994.
6. Aleksandr Bekker, "Yuri Shafranik: Only by Shock Therapy," Segodnia (March 24, 1995).
7. According to its deputy director, Valerii Remizov, Gazpromis worth between $250 and $900 billion (Reuters, August 7, 1995). It has 367,000 employees, 87,000 miles of pipeline, and more than 1 million acres of land. Western experts estimate its annual revenues at $20 to $25 billion and its profits at $6 billion. If it were ranked in the Global Fortune 500, it would be the world's second-largest profit-maker after Royal Dutch Shell. U.S. News and World Report 119, no. 2 (December 11, 1995): 58, 60.
8. Among the twelve vertically integrated oil companies formed in Russia are such giants as LUKoil and Sidanko. In terms of annual production levels and reserves in the ground, LUKoil can be considered equal to Exxon and Shell.
9. "Major exports and imports to countries outside the former Soviet Union," Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Study Russia, first quarter, 1995, p. 37. It should be noted that these exports alone are more than the entire UK production from the North Sea.
10. Natalya Olenich, "Oleg Soskovets Is Going to Come to Grips with the Situation in the Oil and Oil Products Export," Segodnia (February 14, 1996).
11. A. Romanikhim, "Oil and Gas and Military-Industrial Complexes: Problems of Cooperation," Udmurtskaia Pravda (June 15, 1995).
12. Interfax, October 4, 1995.
13. Sergei Agafonov, "Rostov Legislators Want to Nationalize Fuel and Energy Complex," Segodnia (November 10, 1995).
14. "Gazprom Will Oppose Its Division into Smaller Companies," Segodnia (December 9, 1995).
15. Aleksandr Bekker, "Yuri Shafranik: Only by Shock Therapy," Segodnia (March 24, 1995).
16. ANI Report, "Premier to Make Decision on Oil Companies' Structure," Segodnia (July 5, 1995).
17. Aleksandr Bekker, "Yuri Shafranik is Against Dissipating State Property," Segodnia (July 25, 1995).
18. Andrei Kozyrev, Preobrazhenie (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniia, 1995), pp. 133, 149.
19. "On Main Guidelines for the Energy Policy and Restructuring of the Fuel and Energy Complex of the Russian Federation for the Period Up to 2010," Rossiiskaia gazeta (May 16, 1995).
20. OMRI Economic Digest 1, no. 3, (November 16, 1995).
21. Ibid.
22. "World Oil Production," Petroleum Economist [London] 62, no. 2 (1995): 7.
23. Tina Dzokaeva, "Oil Producers Are Claiming New Status," Delovoi mir (June 15, 1995).
24. Robert Ebel, Energy Choices in Russia (Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1994), p. 110.
25. OMRI Daily Report (August 7, 1995).
26. Georgii Bovt, "Great Britain Invites Russian Interests," Kommersant Daily (September 16, 1995).
27. OMRI Economic Digest 1, no. 3 (November 16, 1995).
28. Jamestown Foundation Monitor (July 7, 1995).
29. "'Near Abroad' Owes More Than 14 Trillion Rubles for Russian Energy Resources," ANI Report, Segodnia (November 28, 1995).
30. Interfax, December 27, 1995.
31. OMRI Daily Digest (May 25, 1995).
32. OMRI Daily Digest (May 31, 1995).
33. "Though the Gas Does Not Belong to Us, the Storage Facilities Should Remain Ukrainian," Novoe Russkoe Slovo (June 26, 1995).
34. Ludmila Feliksova, "Payments for Gas Are Overdue," Rossiiskaia gazeta (June 15, 1995).
35. Jamestown Foundation Monitor (November 22, 1995).
36. Aleksandr Tutushkin, "LUKoil Expansion in Azerbaijan,"Kommersant Daily (March 30, 1995).
37. The former option would require close cooperation with and involvement of all littoral states if its oil deposits on the shelf are to be developed. Alternatively, the sea status would enable surrounding countries to divide the water space into appropriate sectors inside which each littoral state has complete freedom of action.
38. Jamestown Foundation Monitor (November 27, 1995).
39. Anton Surikov, "Russia Keeps an Eye on Its National Interests in the Caspian," Moscow News (December 15-21, 1995).
40. Vladimir Razuvaev, "The Small Oil War," Segodnia (September 8, 1995).
41. Vladimir Abarinov, "Viktor Chernomyrdin and Russia's Diplomacy," Segodnia (August 18, 1995).
42. Arif Useynov, "Yuri Shafranik Views Discord with Respect to the Caspian Sea Status as 'Unjustified,'" Segodnia (June 1, 1995).
43. Jamestown Foundation Monitor (November 13, 1995).
44. Jamestown Foundation Monitor (October 12, 1995).
45. Interfax and Russian TV, November 17, 1995.