Using today's science to plan for tomorrow's water policies

Environment

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2001, Pages

  Hirsch, Robert M ^a   Miller, Timothy L ^b   Hamilton, Pixie A ^b  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0003195422     PISSN: 00139157     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (15)

1. Clean Water Action Plan - The First Year. The Future, a report collectively written by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Department of the Interior, EPA, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and U.S. Department of Agriculture, (Washington, D.C., 1999), 3.
2. D. S. Knopman and R. A. Smith, "Twenty Years of the Clean Water Act: Has U.S. Water Quality Improved?" Environment, January/February 1993, 16-20, 34-41.
3. U.S. General Accounting Office, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment: Water Quality - Key EPA and State Decisions Limited by Inconsistent and Incomplete Data, GAO/RCED-00-54 (Washington, D.C., 2000), 6.
4. In 1991, the U.S. Congress appropriated funds for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to begin the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to better understand the spatial extent of water quality, how water quality changes with time, and how human activities and natural factors affect water quality across the United States. The program began investigations in 20 major river basins and aquifer systems in 1991 and phased in work in more than 30 additional basins by 1997. Insights presented here are based on results from the first set of 20 investigations. All references to water-quality conditions in these basins are based on data and reports available on the USGS-NAWQA web site, http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa. The primary reference is "The Quality of Our Nation's Waters - Nutrients and Pesticides," U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1225 (Reston, Va., 1999).
5. L. D. Zynjuk and B. F. Majedi, "January 1996 Floods Deliver Large Loads of Nutrients and Sediment to the Chesapeake Bay," U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-140-96 (Baltimore, Md., 1996).
6. L. L. Goodbred et al., Reconnaissance of 17B-Estradiol, 11-Ketotestosterone, Vitellogenin, and Gonad Histopathology in Common Carp of United States Streams - Potential for Contaminant-Induced Endocrine Disruption, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-627 (Sacramento, Calif., 1996).
7. "Urban" primarily represents residential land use, typically with low to medium population densities, as reported in K. J. Hitt, Refining 1970s Land-Use Data with 1990 Population Data to Indicate New Residential Development, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4250 (Reston, Va., 1994).
8. A. H. Welch, S. A. Watkins, D. R. Helsel, and M. J. Focazio, "Arsenic in Ground-Water Resources of the United States," U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-063-00 (Denver, Colo., 2000).
9. R. B. Alexander, R. A. Smith, and G. E. Schwarz, "Effect of Stream Channel Size on the Delivery of Nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico," Nature, 17 February 2000, 761.
10. S. J. Ryker and A. K. Williamson, "Pesticides in Public Supply Wells of Washington State," U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-122-96 (Tacoma, Washington, 1996).
11. R. Johnson, "MTBE - To What Extent Will Past Releases Contaminate Community Water Supply Wells?" Environmental Science & Technology, 1 May 2000, 7.
12. L. J. Bachman, B. D. Lindsey, J. Brakebill, and D. S. Powars, Ground-Water Discharge and Base Flow Nitrate Loads on Nontidal Streams, and Their Relation to a Hydrogeomorphic Classification of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, Middle Atlantic Coast, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4059 (Baltimore, Md., 1998).
13. D. C. Fisher and M. Oppenheimer, "Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition and the Chesapeake Bay Estuary," Ambio 20, no. 3-4 (1991): 102-08.
14. U.S. Geological Survey, "Pesticides in the Atmosphere," U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-152-95 (Sacramento, Calif., 1995).
15. N. N. Rabulais et al., "Nutrient Changes in the Mississippi River and System Responses on the Adjacent Continental Shelf," Estuaries 19 (1996): 386-407.