Using types to analyze and optimize object-oriented programs

ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 30-72

  Diwan, Amer ^a,c   McKinley, Kathryn S ^b,d   Moss, J Eliot B ^b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^c UCB 450   (United States)

^d Biologically Inspired Neural and Dynamical Systems Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

Algorithms; Alias analysis; Classes and objects; D.3.4 Programming Languages : Processors compilers; Languages; Measurement; Method invocation; Object orientation; optimization; Performance; Polymorphism; Redundancy elimination

Indexed keywords

ALIAS ANALYSIS; PARAMETERIZATIONS; POLYMORPHISM;

ALGORITHMS; BENCHMARKING; DATA FLOW ANALYSIS; OPTIMIZATION; PROGRAM COMPILERS; REDUNDANCY; SOFTWARE ENGINEERING;

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING;

EID: 0002940467     PISSN: 01640925     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1145/383721.383732     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. AGESEN, O. AND HÖLZLE, U. 1995. Type feedback vs. concrete type inference: A comparison of optimization techniques for object-oriented languages. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '95 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications. ACM Austin, Texas, 91-107.
2. AHO, A. V., SETHI, R., AND ULLMAN, J. D. 1986. Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools. Addison-Wesley.
3. AIGNER, G. AND HÖLZLE, U. 1996. Eliminating virtual function calls in C++ programs. In Proceedings of European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. Linz, Austria, 142-166.
4. ANDERSON, L. O. 1994. Program analysis and specialization for the C programming language. Ph.D. thesis, DIKU.
5. BACON, D. AND SWEENEY, P. 1996. Fast static analysis of C++ virtual function calls. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '96 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications. ACM, ACM Press, San Jose, CA, 324-341.
6. BANNING, J. 1979. An efficient way to find side effects of procedure calls and aliases of variables. In Conference Record of the Sixth Annual ACM SIGACT/SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. San Antonio, Texas, 29-41.
7. BATES, R. M. 1994. K-trees. Personal communication.
8. BURKE, M., CARINI, P. R., CHOI, J.-D., AND HIND, M. 1994. Efficient flow-insensitive alias analysis in the presence of pointers. Tech. Rep. 19546, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY. Sept.
9. CALDER, B. AND GRUNWALD, D. 1994. Reducing indirect function call overhead in C++ programs. In 21st Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. ACM, Portland, Oregon, 397-408.
10. CALDER, B., GRUNWALD, D., AND EMER, J. 1995. A system level perspective on branch architecture performance. In 28th International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 199-206.
11. CALDER, B., GRUNWALD, D., AND ZORN, B. 1994. Quantifying behavioral differences between C and C++ programs. Tech. Rep. CU-CS-698-94, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. Jan.
12. CHAMBERS, C. 1992. The design and evaluation of the SELF compiler, an optimizing compiler for object-oriented programming languages. Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, CA.
13. CHAMBERS, C., DEAN, J., AND GROVE, D. 1996. Whole-program optimization of object-oriented languages. Tech. Rep. 96-06-02, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. June.
14. CHAMBERS, C. AND UNGAR, D. 1989. Customization: Optimizing compiler technology for SELF, a dynamically-typed object-oriented programming language. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '89 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. 146-160.
15. CHAMBERS, C. AND UNGAR, D. 1991. Making pure object oriented languages practical. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '91 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications. 1-15.
16. CHASE, D. R., WEGMAN, M., AND ZADECK, F. K. 1990. Analysis of pointers and structures. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '90 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. 296-310.
17. CHATTERJEE, R., RYDER, B. G., AND LANDI, W. A. 1999. Relevant context inference. In Proceedings of 26th ACM SIGACT/SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. ACM, 133-146.
18. CHATTERJEE, R. K. AND RYDER, B. G. 1997a. Modular concrete type-inference for statically typed object-oriented programming languages. Tech. Rep. DCS-TR-349, Rutgers University. Nov.
19. CHATTERJEE, R. K. AND RYDER, B. G. 1997b. Scalable, flow-sensitive type-inference for statically typed object-oriented programming languages. Tech. Rep. DCS-TR-326, Rutgers University.
20. CHOI, J.-D., BURKE, M., AND CARINI, P. 1993. Efficient flow-sensitive interprocedural computation of pointer-induced aliases and side effects. In Conference Record of the Twentieth Annual ACM SIGACT/SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. Charleston, SC, 232-245.
21. COOPER, K. AND LU, J. 1997. Register promotion in C programs. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '97 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. Las Vegas, Nevada, 308-319.
22. COOPER, K. D. AND KENNEDY, K. 1989. Fast interprocedural alias analysis. In Conference Record of the Sixteenth Annual ACM SIGACT/SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. 49-59.
23. DEAN, J., CHAMBERS, C., AND GROVE, D. 1994. Identifying profitable specialization in object-oriented languages. In ACM SIGPLAN Workshop on Partial Evaluation and Semantics-Based Program Manipulation. Association of Computing Machinery, Orlando, FL.
24. DEAN, J., DEFOUW, G., GROVE, D., LITVINOV, V., AND CHAMBERS, C. 1996. Vortex: An optimizing compiler for object-oriented languages. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '96 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications. San Jose, CA, 83-100.
25. DEAN, J., GROVE, D., AND CHAMBERS, C. 1995. Optimization of object-oriented programs using static class hierarchy analysis. In Proceedings of European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. Aarhus, Denmark, 77-101.
26. DEBRAY, S., MUTH, R., AND WEIPPERT, M. 1998. Alias analysis of executable code. In Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth Annual ACM SIGPLAN/SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages.
27. DEFOUW, G., GROVE, D., AND CHAMBERS, C. 1998. Fast interprocedural class analysis. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages. ACM, 222-236.
28. DEUTSCH, A. 1994. Interprocedural May-Alias analysis for pointers: Beyond k-limitmg. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '94 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. 230-241.
29. DIWAN, A. 1996. Understanding and improving the performance of modern programming languages. Ph.D. thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.
30. DIWAN, A., MCKINLEY, K. S., AND MOSS, J. E. B. 1998. Type-based alias analysis. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '98 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. Montreal, 106-117.
31. DIWAN, A., MOSS, E., AND MCKINLEY, K. S. 1996. Simple and effective analysis of statically typed object-oriented programs. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '96 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications. San Jose, CA, 292-305.
32. DRIESEN, K. AND HÖLZLE, U. 1996. The direct cost of virtual function calls in C++. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '96 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications. San Jose, CA, 306-323.
33. EMAMI, M., GHIYA, R., AND HENDREN, L. J. 1994. Context-sensitive interprocedural Points-to analysis in the presence of function pointers. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '94 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. 242-256.
34. EMER, J., WEBB, D., AND MCCALLIG, M. 1996. Zippy simulator for alpha workstations. Software.
35. FERNANDEZ, M. F. 1995. Simple and effective link-time optimization of Modula-3 programs. In Proceedings of Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. SIGPLAN, ACM Press, La Jolla, CA, 103-115.
36. GHIYA, R. AND HENDREN, L. J. 1998. Putting pointer analysis to work. In Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth Annual ACM SIGPLAN/SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. 121-133.
37. GROVE, D., DEAN, J., GARRETT, C., AND CHAMBERS, C. 1995. Profile-guided receiver class prediction. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '95 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications. ACM, Austin, Texas, 108-123.
38. HALL, M. W. 1991. Managing interprocedural optimizations. Ph.D. thesis, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
39. HENNESSY, J. AND PATTERSON, D. 1995. Computer Architecture A Quantitative Approach. Morgan-Kaufmann.
40. HIND, M., BURKE, M., CARINI, P., AND CHOI, J.-D. 1999. Interprocedural pointer alias analysis. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 21, 4 (July), 848-894.
41. HÖLZLE, U. AND UNGAR, D. 1994. Optimizing dynamically-dispatched calls with run-time type feedback. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '94 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. ACM, 326-336.
42. HUMMEL, J., HENDREN, L. J., AND NICOLAU, A. 1994. A general data dependence test for dynamic, pointer-based data structures. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '94 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. 218-229.
43. KALSOW, B. AND MULLER, E. 1995. SRC Modula-3 Version 3.5. Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, Palo Alto, CA.
44. KAM, J. B. AND ULLMAN, J. D. 1976. Global data flow analysis and iterative algorithms. Journal of the ACM 7, 3, 305-318.
45. LANDI, W. AND RYDER, B. G. 1991. Pointer-induced aliasing: a problem classification. In Conference Record of the Eighteenth Annual ACM SIGACT/SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. Orlando, FL, 93-103.
46. LANDI, W. AND RYDER, B. G. 1992. Interprocedural side effect analysis with pointer aliasing. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '92 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. San Francisco, CA, 235-248.
47. LARUS, J. R. AND CHANDRA, S. 1993. Using tracing and dynamic slicing to tune compilers. University of Wisconsin Technical Report 1174.
48. LARUS, J. R. AND HILFINGER, P. N. 1988. Detecting conflicts between structure accesses. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '88 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. Atlanta, GA, 21-34.
49. LISKOV, B. AND GUTTAG, J. 1986. Abstraction and Specification in Program Development. MIT Press.
50. LUCASSEN, J. M. AND GIFFORD, D. 1988. Polymorphic effect systems. In 15th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. ACM, 47-57.
51. NAYERI, F., HURWITZ, B., AND MANOLA, F. 1994. Generalizing dispatching in a distributed object system. In Proceedings of European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming. Bologna, Italy, 450-473.
52. NELSON, G., Ed. 1991. Systems Programming with Modula-3. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
53. NYSTROM, N., HOSKING, A. L., WHITLOCK, D., CUTTS, Q., AND DIWAN, A. 1999. Partial redundancy elimination for access path expressions. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Aliasing in Object-Oriented Systems. Lisbon, Portugal. Revision of Purdue University Computer Sciences Technical Report 98-044.
54. PALSBERG, J. AND SCHWARTZBACH, M. I. 1991. Object-oriented type inference. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '91 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications. SIGPLAN, ACM Press, Pheonix, Arizona, 146-162.
55. PANDE, H. AND RYDER, B. G. 1995. Static type determination and aliasing for C++. Tech. Rep. LCSR-TR-250, Rutgers University. July. A version of this appeared in Proceedings of the Third International Static Analysis Symposium (SAS'96).
56. PLEVYAK, J. AND CHIEN, A. 1994. Precise concrete type inference for object-oriented languages. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '94 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages, and Applications. ACM, 324-340.
57. REINIG, A. G. 1998. Alias analysis in the DEC C and DIGITAL C++ compilers. DIGITAL Technical Journal 10, 1 (Dec.).
58. RINARD, M. C. AND DINIZ, P. C. 1996. Commutativity analysis: A new analysis framework for parallelizing compilers. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '96 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. Philadelphia, PA, 54-67.
59. RUF, E. 1995. Context-insensitive alias analysis reconsidered. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '95 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation La Jolla, CA, 13-22.
60. RUF, E. 1997. Partitioning dataflow analyses using types. In Conference Record of the Twenty Fourth Annual ACM SIGPLAN/SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. Paris, France, 15-26.
61. SHAPIRO, M. AND HORWITZ, S. 1997a. The effects of the precision of pointer analysis. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1302, P. V. Hentenryck, Ed. Springer-Verlag, 16-34. Proceedings from the 4th International Static Analysis Symposium.
62. SHAPIRO, M. AND HORWITZ, S. 1997b. Fast and accurate flow-insensitive points-to analysis. In Conference Record of the Twenty Fourth Annual ACM SIGPLAN/SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. Paris, France, 1-14.
63. SHIVERS, O. 1991. Control-Flow Analysis of Higher-Order Languages. Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.
64. SRIVASTAVA, A. AND EUSTACE, A. 1994. ATOM: A system for building customized program analysis tools. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '94 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. Association of Computing Machinery, Orlando, FL, 196-205.
65. STALLMAN, R. M. 1989. Gnu C Compiler. Free Software Foundation, Cambridge, MA. Software distribution.
66. STEENSGAARD, B. 1996. Points-to analysis in almost linear time. In Conference Record of the Twenty Third Annual ACM SIGPLAN/SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. Association of Computing Machinery, 32-41.
67. Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation 1995. The Java language specification, 1.0 Beta ed. Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation.
68. TARJAN, R. E. 1975. On the efficiency of a good but not linear set union algorithm. Journal of the ACM 22, 2, 215-225.
69. WALL, D. W. 1991. Limits of instruction-level parallelism. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. Santa Clara, California, 176-189.
70. WEIHL, W. E. 1980. Interprocedural data flow analysis in the presence of pointers, procedure variables and label variables. In Conference Record of the Seventh Annual ACM SIGACT/SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. Las Vegas, Nevada, 83-94.
71. WILSON, R. P. 1997. Efficient context-sensitive pointer analysis for C programs. Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
72. WILSON, R. P. AND LAM, M. S. 1995. Efficient context-sensitive pointer analysis for C programs. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN '95 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. Association of Computing Machinery, La Jolla, CA, 1-12.