Adding another piece to the inequality-homicide puzzle: The impact of structural inequality on racially disaggregated homicide rates

Homicide Studies

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 35-60

  Parker, Karen F ^a   McCALL, Patricia L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002937576     PISSN: 10887679     EISSN: 15526720     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1088767997001001004     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Bailey, W. C. (1984). Poverty, inequality, and city homicide rates: Some not so unexpected results. Criminology, 22, 531-550.
2. Balkwell, G. (1990). Ethnic inequality and the rate of homicide. Social Forces, 69, 53-70.
3. Belsley, D. A., Kuh, E., & Welsch, R. E. (1980). Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. New York: John Wiley.
4. Blalock, H. M. (1967). Status inconsistency, social mobility, status integration and structural effects. American Sociological Review, 32, 790-801.
5. Blau, P.M. (1977). Inequality and heterogeneity: A primitive theory of social structure. New York: Free Press.
6. Blau, J., & Blau, P. M. (1982). The cost of inequality: Metropolitan structure and violent crime. American Sociological Review, 47, 114-129.
7. Blauner, R. (1982). Racial oppression in America. New York: Harper & Row.
8. Bonacich, E. (1972). A theory of ethnic antagonism: The split labor market. American Sociological Review, 37, 547-559.
9. Bonacich, E. (1976). Advanced capitalism and Black/White relations in the United States: A split labor market interpretation. American Sociological Review, 37, 547-559.
10. Boswell, T. (1986). A split labor market analysis of discrimination against Chinese immigrants, 1850-1882. American Sociological Review, 51, 352-371.
11. Brewer, V. E., & Smith, M. D. (1995). Gender inequality and rates of female victimization across U.S. cities. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 32, 175-190.
12. Bursik, R. J. (1988). Social disorganization and theories of crime and delinquency: Problems and prospect. Criminology, 26, 519-551.
13. Chamlin, M. B. (1989). A macro social analysis of the change in robbery and homicide rates: Controlling for static and dynamic effects. Sociological Focus, 22, 275-286.
14. Cloward, L., & Ohlin, F. (1960). Delinquency and opportunity: A theory of delinquent gangs. New York: Free Press.
15. Corzine, J., Creech, J. C., & Huff-Corzine, L. (1983). Black concentration and lynching in the South: Testing Blalock's power-threat hypothesis. Social Forces, 61, 774-796.
16. Corzine, J., Huff-Corzine, L., & Creech, J. C. (1988). The tenant labor market and lynching in the South: A test of split labor market theory. Sociological Inquiry, 58, 261-278.
17. Foner, P. (1982). Organized labor and the Black worker: 1619-1981. New York: International Publishers.
18. Fossett, M. A. (1988). Community-level analyses of racial socioeconomic inequality: A cautionary note. Sociological Methods and Research, 16, 454-491.
19. Gastil, R. D. (1971). Homicide and a regional culture of violence. American Sociological Review, 36, 412-427.
20. Hackney, S. (1969). Southern violence. American Historical Review, 74, 906-925.
21. Harer, M. D., & Steffensmeier, D. (1992). The differing effects of economic inequality on Black and White rates of violence. Social Forces, 70, 1035-1054.
22. Huff-Corzine, L., Corzine, J., & Moore, D. C. (1991). Deadly connections: Culture, poverty, and the direction of lethal violence. Social Forces, 69, 715-732.
23. Kim, J., & Mueller, C. W. (1985). Introduction to factor analysis: What is it and how to do it. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
24. LaFree, G. D., & Drass, K. A. (1996). Variables affecting arrest rates of Blacks and Whites, 1957 to 1900. American Sociological Review, 61, 614-634.
25. Land, K. C., McCall, P. L., & Cohen, L. E. (1990). Structural covariates of homicide rates: Are there any in variances across time and social space?American Journal of Sociology, 95, 922-963.
26. Lieberson, S. (1980). A piece of the pie: Black and White immigrants, 1880-1930. Berkeley: University of California Press.
27. Loftin, C., & Hill, R. H. (1974). Regional culture and homicide: An examination of the Gastil-Hackney thesis. American Sociological Review, 39, 714-724.
28. Massey, D., & Denton, N. (1988). The dimensions of residential segregation. Social Forces, 67, 281-305.
29. Massey, D., & Eggers, M. L. (1990). The ecology of inequality: Minorities and the concentration of poverty, 1970-1980. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 1153-1188.
30. Massey, D., Gross, A. B., & Shibuya, K. (1994). Migration, segregation, and the concentration of poverty. American Sociological Review, 59, 425-445.
31. Messner, S. F. (1982). Poverty, inequality, and the urban homicide rate. Criminology, 20, 103-114.
32. Messner, S. F. (1983). Regional differences in the economic correlates of the urban homicide rate: Some evidence of the importance of cultural context. Criminology, 21, 477-488.
33. Messner, S. F., & Golden, R. M. (1992). Racial inequality and racially disaggregated homicide rates: An assessment of alternative theoretical explanations. Criminology, 30, 421-447.
34. Messner, S. F., & South, S. (1986). Economic deprivation, opportunity structure, and robbery victimization. Social Forces, 64, 975-991.
35. Nelson, C., Corzine, J., & Huff-Corzine, L. (1994). The violent West re-examined: A research note on regional homicide rates. Criminology, 32, 149-161.
36. O'Carroll, P. W., & Mercy, J. A. (1989). Regional variation in homicide rates: Why is the West so violent?Violence and Victims, 4, 17-25.
37. Olzak, S. (1990). The Political context of competition: Lynching and urban racial violence. Social Forces, 69, 395-421.
38. Parker, K. F., McCall, P. L., & Land, K. C. (in press). Is 'unit of analysis' a relevant concern in homicide research? In M. D. Smith & M. A. Zahn (Eds.), Homicide studies: A sourcebook of social research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
39. Patterson, E. B. (1991). Poverty, income inequality, and community crime rates. Criminology, 29, 755-776.
40. Petee, T. A., & Kowalski, G. S. (1993). Modeling rural violent crime rates: A test of social disorganization theory. Sociological Focus, 26, 87-89.
41. Peterson, R. D., & Krivo, L. J. (1993). Racial segregation and Black urban homicide. Social Forces, 71, 1001-1026.
42. Ricketts, E. R., & Sawhill, I. V. (1988). Defining and measuring the underclass. Journal of Policy and Analysis and Management, 7, 316-325.
43. Sampson, R. J. (1984). Group size, heterogeneity and inter group conflict: A test of Blau's inequality and heterogeneity. Social Forces, 66, 618-639.
44. Sampson, R. J. (1985). Race and criminal violence: A demographically disaggregated analysis of urban homicide. Crime & Delinquency, 31, 47-82.
45. Sampson, R. J. (1987). Urban black violence: The effect of male joblessness and family disruption. American Journal of Sociology, 93, 348-382.
46. Sampson, R. J. (1991). Linking the micro- and macro level dimensions of community social organization. Social Forces, 70, 43-64.
47. Sampson, R. J., & Groves, W. B. (1989). Community structure and crime: Testing social disorganization theory. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 774-802.
48. Shaw, C. R., & McKay, H. (1942). Juvenile delinquency and urban areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
49. Shihadeh, E. S., & Flynn, N. (1996). Segregation and crime: The effects of Black social isolation on the rates of Black urban violence. Social Forces, 74, 1325-1352.
50. Smith, M. D., & Brewer, V. E. (1992). A sex-specific analysis of correlates of homicide victimization in U.S. cities. Violence and Victims, 7, 279-286.
51. Smith, D. A., & Jarjoura, G. R. (1988). Social structure and criminal victimization. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 25, 27-52.
52. South, S. J., & Messner, S. F. (1986). Structural determinants of intergroup association: Interracial marriage and crime. American Journal of Sociology, 91, 1409-1430.
53. South, S. J., & Messner, S. F. (1992). Interracial homicide: A macrostructural-opportunity perspective. Sociological Forum, 7, 517-537.
54. Tolnay, S. E., Beck, E. M., & Massey, J. L. (1989). Black lynching: The power threat hypothesis revisited. Social Forces, 67, 605-623.
55. Wacquant, L., & Wilson, W. (1989). The cost of racial and class exclusion in the inner city. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 501, 8-25.
56. Williams, K. R. (1984). Economic sources of homicide: Reestimating the effects of poverty and inequality. American Sociological Review, 49, 283-289.
57. Williams, K. R., & Flewelling, R. L. (1987). Family, acquaintance, and stranger homicide: Alternative procedures for rates calculations. Criminology, 25, 543-560.
58. Wilson, W. J. (1987). The truly disadvantaged: The inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
59. Wolfgang, M. E., & Ferracuti, F. (1967). The subculture of violence: Toward an integrated theory in criminology. London: Tavistock.