Clean Recycling of Lead-Acid Batteries for Electric Vehicles: A Reply to Socolow and Thomas

Journal of Industrial Ecology

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 33-37

  Lave, Lester B ^a   Hendrickson, Chris T ^b   McMichael, Francis C ^b  

^a CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Automotive technology; Batteries; Clean recycling; Electric vehicles; Lead; Leaded gasoline

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002924656     PISSN: 10881980     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/jiec.1997.1.2.33     Document Type: Article

References (7)

1. BCI (Battery Council International). 1995. 1994 National recycling rate study. Prepared by Smith, Bucklin and Associates, Market Research and Statistics Division, Chicago, IL, November.
2. Lave, L. B., C. Hendrickson, and F. C. McMichael. 1995. Environmental implications of electric vehicles. Science 268: 993-995.
3. Lave, L. B., A. G. Russell, C. T. Hendrickson, and F. C. McMichael. 1996. Battery-powered vehicles: Ozone reduction versus lead discharges. Environmental Science and Technology 30(9): 402-407.
4. Lovins, A. B., J. W. Barnett, and L. H. Lovins. 1993. Supercars: The coming light-vehicle revolution. Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) Technical Report. Snowmass, CO: RMI. March.
5. McMichael, F. C., C. T. Hendrickson, and L. B. Lave. 1995. Environmental implications of battery-powered vehicles. In the Future of the Electric Vehicle Conference held at the Amerika Haus, Frankfurt, Germany: November.
6. Socolow, R. M. and V. M. Thomas. 1997. The industrial ecology of lead batteries for electric vehicles. Journal of Industrial Ecology 1(1): 15-38.
7. Woodbury, W. D., D. Edelstein, and S. M. Jasinski. 1993. Lead materials flow in the United States 1940-1988. Unpublished technical report, U.S. Bureau of Mines.