Rapid team learning: Lessons from Team New Zealand America's Cup campaign

Organizational Dynamics

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 48-

  Maani, Kambiz ^a   Benton, Campbell ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002916220     PISSN: 00902616     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0090-2616(99)90029-3     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
2. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
3. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
4. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
5. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
6. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
7. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
8. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
9. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
10. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
11. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
12. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
13. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
14. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
15. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
16. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
17. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
18. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation,"
19. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
20. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
21. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
22. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
23. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
24. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
25. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
26. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.
27. The following works provide background for the concepts presented in this article: R. Ackoff, "Systems Thinking and Thinking Systems," Interact, June 21, 1993; F. Anderson, "US Defence Industry Goes for That Kiwi Black Magic," National Business Review, August 8, 1997, p 14; C. Argyris, "The Next Challenge for TQM: Overcoming Organizational Defences," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 26-29; Arie de Geus, "The Living Company," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1997, pp 51-59; John Seely Brown, "Research That Reinvents the Corporation," Harvard Business Review, January-February 1991, pp 102-111; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Innovations and Strategic Management: A Case Study of Hitachi Ltd," Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, Vol 6, No 1, 1994, pp 55-81; B. Bowonder and T. Miyake, "Creating and Sustaining Competiveness: Information Management Strategies of Nippon Steel Corporation," International Journal of Information Management, Vol 12, 1992, pp 39-56; Eli Cohen and Noel Tichy, "How Leaders Develop Leaders," Training and Development, May 1997; B. Dumaine, "Big Thinkers," Fortune, October 17, 1994, pp 94-101; B. Doolin, "Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems," Australian Journal of Information Systems, Vol 3, No. 2, May 1996, pp 21-29; J. Enright and A. Capriles, "Black Magic and the America's Cup," Harvard Business School Case Study, Number 9-796-187, June 21, 1996; C. Fine, Management Science, Vol 32, No 10, 1986; L. Goodstein and W. Burke, "Creating Successful Organization Change," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 19, No 4, 1991, Spring, pp 5-17; R. Hirschheim, "Information Systems Epistemology: A Historical Perspective," The Nature of Information Systems, 1982, pp 28-60; J. Katzenbach and D. Smith, "Why Teams Matter," The McKinsey Quarterly, 1992, Number 3, pp 3-27; Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen, "Hot Groups," Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995; K. Maani, G. Burchill, R. Paynting, D. Shen and M. Boyd, "Operationally Defining Metrics for the Product Development Process," The Centre for Quality Management Journal, V1 (1), pp 34-46, 1992; P. Macalister, "Blake's Odyssey: Poetry in Management," Management, July 1995; pp 33-41; K. Maani, "Concept Design, A Methodology for Breakthrough Service Development," MSIS Working Paper No. 148, University of Auckland, June 1997; P. Mazany, TeamThink: Team New Zealand, Vision Plus Developments Ltd, November 1995; Michael E McGill and John W Slocum Jr, "Unlearning the Organization," Organizational Dynamics, Vol 22, No 2, pp 67-79, 1993; David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, "Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change," California Management Review, Winter 1990; P. Senge, "Building Learning Organizations," Journal for Quality and Participation, March 1992, pp 1-8; P. Senge, "The Leader's New Work: Building Learning Organizations," Sloan Management Review, Fall 1990, pp 7-23; P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline, Random House Australia Pty Ltd, 1990; R. Stata, "Organizational Learning - The Key to Management Innovation," Sloan Management Review, Spring 1989, pp 63-74; Edgar H. Schein, "Organizational Culture and Leadership Second Edition," Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1992.